基于节点和链路容量的无线传感器网络级联故障研究

无线传感器网络的级联故障模型主要侧重于节点容量对网络性能的研究,忽略了链路容量的影响,从而导致流量指标无法正确反映无线传感器网络的汇聚特征.鉴于此,本文建立了一种受节点容量和链路容量限制的无线传感器网络级联故障模型.首先,根据新的流量指标"方向介数"重新定义了网络负载;其次,通过构建网络级联抗毁性模型,使故障节点可在一定时间延迟后从故障状态恢复.最后,提出了一种路由恢复机制,可以有效改善网络级联故障的抗毁性,并进行了仿真对比测试.结果表明:本文提出的方法可以帮助故障网络在较短时间内得到恢复,使网络状态更加稳定.     

复杂网络上相继故障研究综述

在复杂网络上,由微小扰动引发的大规模相继故障会导致灾难性后果.为了满足人们对各种关乎国计民生的复杂网络的安全性和可靠性的要求,复杂网络上相继故障研究成为近年来复杂网络研究的热点分支.对相继故障的理论建模是分析、预防和控制相继故障的基础和关键.综述了复杂网络上相继故障的研究进展,主要包括几类相继故障模型及相关的研究结果,并指出目前研究中存在的问题及今后的发展趋势.     

相互依存网络边攻击下的相继故障研究

许多现实的网络彼此间相互作用与依存,一个或几个网络的故障将导致网络间的相继故障,最终导致相互依存的网络系统整体失效.为解决边攻击下的相互依存网络的相继故障及其渗流问题,提出一个理论框架,运用生成函数和渗流理论,分析边攻击下的相互依存网络的相继故障渗流及其结果.并以相互依存的随机网络和无标度网络作为实例,进行实例分析与仿真实验.仿真结果与理论分析相符并表明:相比于单独网络,随机边攻击下的相互依存网络因其广度度分布增加了其脆弱性,且故障渗流相变为一级相变;相互依存的无标度网络的鲁棒性比相互依存的随机网络的鲁棒性差,其原因是相互依存的无标度网络中存在一个网络中的小度节点连接另一网络的大度中心节点引起网络间故障级联面的增大.     

直连网络中的动态自适应容错路由算法

针对超级计算机的直连网络发生链路或节点故障,需要在保证一定网络性能的前提下在线完成网络重构的问题,提出一种直连网络中的动态自适应容错路由算法.该算法能够承受空间和时间上任何数目故障的组合,使发生故障的系统经过自动重构后能够维持较优的计算能力.该算法不牺牲任何健康节点,并且无需过多硬件资源.模拟结果表明,在网络无故障的情况下几乎不影响直连网络的性能,数据结果也表明了故障恢复的实时性和有效性.     

企业信息网络故障分析与维护方法研究

伴随计算机网络技术的迅速发展,影响企业信息网络故障安全运行的因素日益增多.诊断企业信息网络故障,应从故障现象出发,以网络诊断工具为手段荻取故障信息,确定故障类型并排除,保证网络正常运行.     

关联基础设施网络在级联故障下的脆弱性研究

为研究电力-天然气级联故障和系统间的关联性对基础设施脆弱性的影响,采用复杂网络理论与方法,以华中地区某城市电力-天然气网络为例分析了关联基础设施网络在级联故障下的脆弱性.通过对电力、天然气网络的功能特性以及网络之间的关联关系与接口设计标准进行建模,得到了网络的全局脆弱性和最优接口.同时利用网络的关键组件辨识方法,得到了网络的脆弱性指标,为控制基础设施系统的级联故障、增强系统的抗干扰能力提供了决策支持.     

浅谈计算机网络的主要故障及维护方法

计算机网络一经出现故障,就会影响着整个单位的工作,要在网络出现故障时及时进行维护,以最快的速度恢复网络的正常运行,那么就必须了解网络的常见故障的处理方法.本文就如何加强计算机网络的故障维护进行了深入的探讨,提出了自己的建议和看法,具有一定的参考价值.     

浅谈计算机网络故障的诊断与解决方法

计算机网络的建立和发展,实现了远程数据的处理和计算机硬件、软件及各种信息等资源的共事.计算机网络技术发展迅速,网络故障也十分复杂,网络故障可以根据网络故障的性质分为物理故障与逻辑故障,也可以根据网络故障的对象把网络故障分为线路故障、路由故障和主机故障.     

传感器网络调试研究综述

越来越多面向不同应用领域的传感器网络被部署在真实环境中,帮助人们以新的方式观测周围的物理世界.然而,这些系统常常会出现各种不可预期的故障,能否快速有效地对这些故障进行检测、定位和修复,是传感器网络调试需要研究的重要内容.在概述了传感器网络调试问题之后,文章总结、比较了传感器网络调试过程中常用的系统状态信息获取技术,然后从故障检测、故障定位和故障修复3个方面综述了代表性关键技术及相关工具,最后探讨了该领域未来的研究方向.     

IP网络可生存性模型中故障模型的构建与仿真

为优化IP网络可生存性评估方法,对可生存性模型中故障模型的构建问题进行了研究.介绍网络可生存性评估框架,对IP网络故障特性进行了分析,分别分析了故障的特征,故障对IP网络可生存性的影响以及故障的分类情况,在了解了IP网络故障特性的基础之上,给出单链路故障、路由器相关故障及光纤相关故障三种故障状态集的数学表示,并给出两种故障模型的构建方法,分别为已知每种故障占全部故障的百分比和已知每种故障发生时间间隔的统计分布情况下的故障模型构建方法,最后对两种故障模型构建方法分别进行了仿真验证,得出两种故障模型构建方法可对实际故障状态进行较精确模拟的结论.     

A method of defuzzification based on the approach of areas' ratio

The new method of defuzzification of output parameters from the base of fuzzy rules for a Mamdani fuzzy controller is given in the paper. The peculiarity of the method is the usage of the universal equation for the area computation of the geometric shapes. During the realization of fuzzy inference linguistic terms, the structure changes from the triangular into a trapezoidal shape. That is why the universal equation is used. The method is limited and can be used only for the triangular and trapezoidal membership functions. Gaussian functions can also be used while modifying the proposed method. Traditional defuzzification models such as Middle of Maxima − MoM, First of Maxima − FoM, Last of Maxima − LoM, First of Suppport − FoS, Last of Support − LoS, Middle of Support − MoS, Center of Sums − CoS, Model of Height − MoH have a number of systematic errors: curse of dimensionality, partition of unity condition and absence of additivity. The above-mentioned methods can be seen as Center of Gravity − CoG, which has the same errors. These errors lead to the fact that accuracy of fuzzy systems decreases, because during the training root mean square error increases. One of the reasons that provokes the errors is that some of the activated fuzzy rules are excluded from the fuzzy inference. It is also possible to increase the accuracy of the fuzzy system through properties of continuity. The proposed method guarantees fulfilling of the property of continuity, as the intersection point of the adjustment linguistic terms equals 0.5 when a parametrized membership function is used. The causes of errors and a way to delete them are reviewed in the paper. The proposed method excludes errors which are inherent to the traditional and non- traditional models of defuzzification. Comparative analysis of the proposed method of defuzzification with traditional and non-traditional models shows its effectiveness.     

基于结构相似性与模板校正的织物瑕疵检测方法

针对复杂的具有周期性结构的织物瑕疵检测,提出一种基于结构相似性与模板校正的织物瑕疵检测方法。通过图案的周期性,得到图案单位模板大小,再对图像自动分割,同时应用基于模板校正的方法以减少晶格之间未对准的影响,并构建均值模板。通过计算所有晶格间的结构相似性,并将相似关系通过传递闭包的方式得到等价关系,再进行晶格间的聚类。之后通过阈值分割方法,完成瑕疵区域的检测。通过实验表明,改进后的算法检测效果较好,本文算法显著提高了样本的查准率。     

一种面向查询的多文档摘要方法

面向查询的多文档摘要技术有两个难点 第一,为了保证摘要与查询密切相关,容易造成摘要内容重复,不够全面;第二,原始查询难以完整描述查询意图,需进行查询扩展,而现有查询扩展方法多依赖于外部语义资源。针对以上问题,该文提出一种面向查询的多文档摘要方法,利用主题分析技术识别出当前主题下的子主题,综合考虑句子所在的子主题与查询的相关度以及子主题的重要度两方面因素来选择摘要句,并根据词语在子主题之间的共现信息,在不使用任何外部知识的情况下,进行查询扩展。在DUC2006评测语料上的实验结果表明,与Baseline系统相比,该系统取得了更高的ROUGE评价值,基于子主题的查询扩展方法则进一步提高了摘要的质量。     

An Analysis of the Criteria for Evaluating Adequate Theories of Computation

This paper deals with the question: What are the criteria that an adequate theory of computation has to meet? (1) Smith’s answer: it has to meet the empirical criterion (i.e. doing justice to computational practice), the conceptual criterion (i.e. explaining all the underlying concepts) and the cognitive criterion (i.e. providing solid grounds for computationalism). (2) Piccinini’s answer: it has to meet the objectivity criterion (i.e. identifying computation as a matter of fact), the explanation criterion (i.e. explaining the computer’s behaviour), the right things compute criterion, the miscomputation criterion (i.e. accounting for malfunctions), the taxonomy criterion (i.e. distinguishing between different classes of computers) and the empirical criterion. (3) Von Neumann’s answer: it has to meet the precision and reliability of computers criterion, the single error criterion (i.e. addressing the impacts of errors) and the distinction between analogue and digital computers criterion. (4) “Everything” computes answer: it has to meet the implementation theory criterion by properly explaining the notion of implementation.     

Remote sensing of spring phenology in boreal regions: A free of snow-effect method using NOAA-AVHRR and SPOT-VGT data (1982-2004)

Measurements of spring phenological dates in boreal regions using NDVI can be affected by snowmelt. This impacts the analysis of interannual variations in phenology and the estimates of annual carbon fluxes. For these two objectives, snowmelt effect must be removed from the phenological detection. We propose a methodology for determining the date of onset of greening in the 1982-2004 period using SPOT-VEGETATION (VGT) and NOAA Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data. From 1998 onwards, the date of onset of greening is taken as the date at which the Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), calculated from SPOT-VGT near and short-wave infrared bands, starts increasing. This index decreases with snowmelt but increases with vegetation greening. For the 1982-2001 period, the date of onset of greening is the date at which AVHRR-NDVI equals a pixel specific threshold (PST), determined using the results of the NDWI method in the years common to the two datasets. The methods are validated using in situ measurements of the dates of leaf appearance. RMSE of 6.7 and 7.8 days, respectively, is found using NDWI-VGT and PST-NOAA methodologies, and the difference between the two methodologies in the common years is small. Very importantly, the dates are not biased. The interannual variations of the 23-year spring phenology dataset on the study area in northern Eurasia are analysed. In average over the study area, an advance of 8 days and a delay of 3.6 days are, respectively, found over the periods 1982-1991 and 1993-2004. These results confirm and complete previous studies about the greening trend, remove the uncertainty due to snow, and may improve carbon budget calculations.     

CCD camera modeling and simulation

In this paper we propose a modeling of an acquisition line made up of a CCD camera, a lens and a frame grabber card. The purpose of this modeling is to simulate the acquisition process in order to obtain images of virtual objects. The response time has to be short enough to permit interactive simulation. All the stages are modelised: in the first phase, we present a geometric model which supplies a point to point transformation that provides, for a space point in the camera field, the corresponding point on the plane of the CCD sensor. The second phase consists of modeling the discrete space which implies passing from the continous known object view to a discrete image, in accordance with the different orgin of the contrast loss. In the third phase, the video signal is reconstituted in order to be sampled by the frame grabber card. The practical results are close to reality when compared to image processing. This tool makes it possible to obtain a short computation time simulation of a vision sensor. This enables interactivity either with the user or with software for the design/simulation of an industrial workshop equipped with a vision system. It makes testing possible and validates the choice of sensor placement and image processing and analysis. Thanks to this simulation tool, we can control perfectly the position of the object image placed under the camera and in this way, we can characterise the performance of subpixel accuracy determining methods for object positioning.     

基于Multisim8的元件模型的导入和应用

Multisim8是一款优秀仿真软件,使用该软件可对电路进行各种参数分析。我们在享受其便利的同时,也遇到因缺少元器件导致电路仿真无法进行的阻力。解决此问题的方法就是为元件建立仿真模型并新建或扩充已有的元器件库。在不熟悉Spice编程原理的情况下,我们可通过相关网址查找到元件厂商提供的元件模型,利用模型导入的方法来建立需要的新元件。通过对新元件应用电路的仿真分析,新元件完全符合要求。在此基础上,使用元件的导入与导出功能还可对新元件进行文件备份并实现新元件在不同用户间的资源共享。     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于分类差异与信息熵对抗的无监督域适应算法

采用对抗训练的方式成为域适应算法的主流,通过域分类器将源域和目标域的特征分布对齐,减小不同域之间的特征分布差异。但是,现有的域适应方法仅将不同域数据之间的距离缩小,而没有考虑目标域数据分布与决策边界之间的关系,这会降低目标域内不同类别的特征的域内可区分性。针对现有方法的缺点,提出一种基于分类差异与信息熵对抗的无监督域适应算法(adversarial training on classification discrepancy and information entropy for unsupervised domain adaptation, ACDIE)。该算法利用两个分类器之间的不一致性对齐域间差异,同时利用最小化信息熵的方式降低不确定性,使目标域特征远离决策边界,提高了不同类别的可区分性。在数字标识数据集和Office-31数据集上的实验结果表明,ACDIE算法可以学习到更优的特征表示,域适应分类准确率有明显提高。