含铌微合金高强度钢Q345C连铸坯的热塑性

 通过Gleeble-2000 试验机研究了Q345C钢连铸坯的高温热塑性。利用扫描电镜、金相显微镜、透射电镜观察了第Ⅰ、Ⅲ脆性温度区内拉伸试样断口部位的显微组织及形貌,分析了动态再结晶、相变、析出物等对微合金化钢高温延塑性的影响。结果表明：在1×10-3/s应变速率下, Q345C钢存在两个脆性温度区,即第Ⅰ脆性区（1200～1300℃）和第Ⅲ脆性区（600～875℃）,无第Ⅱ脆性区出现;最高塑性出现在1050℃左右,断面收缩率（Z）达到85.8%;在第Ⅲ脆性区,沿奥氏体晶界析出膜状铁素体抗拉能力较低,晶界处存在夹杂物以及微合金元素的析出物,是钢的热塑性降低的主要原因。     

S390级转向架用耐候钢的高温塑性

利用Gleeble 3500热模拟试验机对S390转向架用耐候钢的高温塑性进行测定。通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱仪对断口组织、断口形貌和析出物进行观察和分析。利用热膨胀仪测定S390耐候钢的临界相变温度,通过Thermal-Calc软件计算微合金元素的热力学析出温度。结果表明,在1 250~650 ℃范围内,存在3个区间,第Ⅰ脆性区在1 220 ℃以上,断裂形式是由S、O等元素偏析引起的沿晶断裂;第Ⅲ脆性区为980~650 ℃,断裂形式是由析出物钉扎晶界及先共析铁素体析出引起的沿晶断裂;在1 220~980 ℃第Ⅱ脆性区内,由于动态再结晶的发生,不出现脆性区,断裂形式为穿晶塑性断裂。实际生产过程中可避开脆性区间,以减轻S390耐候钢的裂纹倾向。     

第三代汽车钢的热塑性及断裂机理

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对第三代汽车钢(TG钢)在不同的变形温度下进行了热拉伸试验,研究其热塑性的变化运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了实验钢热变形的断口形貌及断裂机理.发现实验钢的强度随温度的升高而降低,热塑性曲线分为第Ⅰ脆性区、高温塑性区和第Ⅲ脆性区三个区域,其中第Ⅲ脆性区存在两个塑性极小值.在1300~800℃时实验钢的组织为奥氏体,断裂方式为连孔延性断裂,动态再结晶使韧窝分离前发生了较大的塑性变形,断口为大而深的韧窝;750℃时实验钢沿奥氏体晶界析出铁素体,断裂方式为界面断裂,断口既存在着铁素体内聚失效形成的小的孔洞,也存在由于裂纹沿奥氏体晶界扩展形成的石块状形貌;650℃由于出现了铁素体的准解理,实验钢的塑性下降,热塑性曲线再次出现极小值.      

HG70钢连铸坯的高温热塑性行为分析

采用Gleeble2000试验机测试了HG70钢连铸坯的高温力学性能,利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察了第Ⅲ脆性温度区内拉伸试样断口部位的显微组织及形貌。结果表明HG70钢的高温强度较好,500℃时的抗拉强度为550 MPa;第二相引起塑性凹槽区的温度范围与晶界铁素体网膜导致塑性凹槽区的温度范围连接叠加,导致第Ⅲ脆性温度口袋区谷底低、平谷宽。     

集装箱板钢高温延塑性研究

本实验采用Gleeble-1500热－力学模拟实验机,测试了集装箱板钢－IV5934E1钢连铸坯试样从熔点到600℃温度区间的高温力学行为,以断面收缩率（R．A．）为标准对钢的高温延塑性进行了评价。采用金相、扫描电镜等手段对拉伸试样急冷后断口的组织、形貌进行了分析,得到IV5934E1钢各脆性区的脆化原因及机理。结果表明：在熔点－600℃的温度区间内,IV5934E1钢存在第I和第Ⅲ两个脆性区。第I脆性区内,高温下晶界处富含硫、氧等杂质是导致沿晶断裂主要原因;第Ⅲ脆性区内,钢的脆性主要发生在（r＋a）两相区高温域（800℃－775℃）,由于先共析铁素体沿晶界析出使钢的塑性降低。IV5934E1钢中高含量的磷和铜未对钢的高温延塑性产生不良影响。     

汽车用1180MPa级F/M高强双相钢板坯高温热塑性研究

采用Gleeble3500热模拟试验机在温度区间650～1300℃对汽车用1 180 MPa级F/M双相高强钢进行高温热塑性研究,绘制热塑性曲线并对高温拉伸试样断口和显微组织进行观察。试验结果可知:该钢种在试验温度范围内存在1个脆性区,即910～675℃区间,800℃时断面收缩率达到最小值28.76%,在熔点～910℃温度区间内呈现良好塑性,断面收缩率均在60%以上;高温塑性区较窄,第Ⅲ脆性区"布袋"曲线明显且范围较大,该钢种裂纹敏感性高。断口观察可知,950℃和650℃断口均具有典型韧窝特征,属于韧性断裂;800℃断口为沿晶和解理混合型断口,属于典型脆性断裂。650℃断裂主要由先共析铁素体沿原奥氏体晶界析出引起,800℃脆性断裂主要由晶界弱化导致,1 050℃以上高温热强度低,拉伸超过材料所承受的最大强度而发生缩颈断裂。为避免板坯在矫直段产生裂纹,铸坯矫直温度应控制在950℃以上,避开第Ⅲ脆性区(910～675℃)。     

含钒低合金钢铸坯高温延塑性研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了含钒低合金钢铸坯的高温延塑性,利用扫描电镜、金相显微镜对断口形貌及金相组织进行分析。低合金钢的第Ⅰ脆性温度区在Ts~1 370℃之间,第Ⅲ脆性温度区在915~710℃之间。第Ⅲ脆性区间由奥氏体低温域晶界滑移楔形裂纹造成的沿晶脆性断裂和奥氏体晶界先共析铁素体薄膜造成的沿晶韧性断裂两部分组成。钢中的V对钢的第Ⅲ脆性凹槽的影响比较大,脆化向低温区域延伸。     

600～1200℃高Nb、Ti微合金钢高温热塑性研究

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及显微硬度仪对高Nb、Ti微合金钢的高温热塑性拉伸试样进行检测。结果显示,高Nb、Ti微合金钢在600～1 200℃的断面收缩率呈"V"形;在800℃时断面收缩率最小,在1 200℃断面收缩率达到最大值。其第Ⅲ脆性区间为680～910℃,脆化的主要原因是大尺寸碳氮化物和先共析铁素体在晶界析出,弱化了晶界结合力,为裂纹的产生和扩展提供了条件。而试样中普遍存在的微米级TiN颗粒,是造成高Nb、Ti微合金钢断面收缩率整体偏低的主要原因。提高应变速率,缩短先共析铁素体析出和TiN颗粒长大的时间,减弱拉伸过程中的应力集中,可改善试样在第Ⅲ脆性区间的高温热塑性。     

铌钛及铌钒钛微合金钢的高温力学性能研究

采用Gleeble-2000实验机测试了广西柳州钢铁股份公司生产的铌钛及铌钒钛微合金钢铸坯的高温力学性能,得到了这两种钢的第Ⅲ脆性温度区分别为600～850℃和750～900℃,并进行了裂纹敏感性及脆化机理分析.利用扫描电镜对塑性区与脆性区的断口形貌进行了观察分析,为减少铌钛及铌钒钛微合金钢铸坯角横裂纹缺陷提供了理论依据.     

钛铌微合金钢连铸坯角部横裂纹敏感性

为明确不同速度冷却时表面奥氏体的长大规律和在第Ⅲ脆性区的热塑性,用Gleeble-3500热模拟机分别对钛铌微合金钢进行了奥氏体长大热模拟试验和第Ⅲ脆性区热拉伸试验。研究结果表明,当冷却速率小于5℃/s时,钛铌微合金钢铸坯表面容易形成粗大的(大于1mm)奥氏体晶粒;随着冷却速率的增大,奥氏体边界析出细小的Ti(C,N),能有效地钉扎限制奥氏体的长大。在热拉伸试验过程中,当冷却速率为1和5℃/s时,钛铌微合金钢铸坯在800℃热拉伸时断面收缩率仅为29.7%和23.0%,2种冷速下都伴随有70～200nm矩形或不规则形的(Ti,Nb)(C,N)和40～100nm针状的Nb(C,N)析出。铸坯角部振痕谷底处在高温低冷速下形成粗大奥氏体晶粒,并在第Ⅲ脆性区矫直,是导致钛铌微合金钢角部横裂纹敏感性高的主要原因。     

SPHC钢薄板坯的高温力学性能

用Gleeble热模拟试验机对SPHC钢(%:0.02C、0.18Mn、0.03Si、0.04Als)70 mm×1250 mm板坯进行600～1 350℃的力学性能的研究,并借助扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪分析了拉力试样的断口。结果表明,SPHC薄板坯的第Ⅰ和第Ⅲ脆性区分别为1 200℃～固相线及600～850℃,850～1 200℃薄板坯的塑性最好;第Ⅲ脆性区试样为沿晶界断裂;晶界处夹杂物及γ→α相变中形成的片状铁素体造成了晶界脆性,降低了第Ⅲ脆性区材料塑性。     

SAE8640合金钢280mm x325mm连铸坯的高温力学性能

采用Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机对SAE8640钢280mm×325mm连铸坯（/% : 0.41C,0.20Si,0.80Mn,0.005S,0.014P,0.46Cr,0.43Ni,0.21Mo,0.043Alt,0.0011O,0.0054N）的550~1200℃力学性能进行了测定,并应用扫描电镜观察了拉力试样的断口形貌。结果表明,SAE8640钢有明显的3个脆性区:Ⅰ脆性区＞1200℃,Ⅱ脆性区950~1000℃,Ⅲ脆性区650~750℃;该钢950~1000℃的断面收缩率为60%,拉伸断口为脆性河流状花样,应避免在该温度范围进行轧制,该钢650~750℃的断面收缩率≥65%,拉伸断口为韧性断裂,可满足连铸坯矫直时塑性的要求。     

Investigations on Dissimilar Weld of UNS S32205 DSS and ASTM A517 Steel

In the present research, microstructure and mechanical properties of 2205 duplex stainless steel/A517 quench and tempered low alloy steel dissimilar joint were investigated. For this purpose, gas tungsten arc welding was used with ER2209 filler metal. Characterizations were conducted by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Mechanical properties were evaluated in micro-hardness, tensile and impact tests. Microstructure in the weld zone included an austenitic continuous network in the matrix of primary ferrite. No brittle phases were formed in the weld metal and stainless steel heat affected zone (HAZ). The weld metal/A517 interface showed higher hardness than other regions. Tensile tests indicated that the values of the yield and tensile strength were 663 and 796 MPa, respectively. Impact tests indicated that the weld zone had almost the same impact energy as base metals. The minimum impact energy of 12 J was related to A517 HAZ. The results of scanning electron microscopy for fracture surfaces indicated that weld zone, 2205 HAZ and A517 HAZ had ductile, ductile–brittle and brittle fracture mode, respectively.     

A study on fractography in the low-temperature brittle fracture of an 18Cr-18Mn-0.7N austenitic steel

The fracture mode and crack propagation behavior of brittle fracture at 77 and 4 K in an 18Cr-18Mn-0.7N austenitic stainless steel were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy. The fracture path was examined by observing the side surface in a partially ruptured specimen. The relationship of the fracture facets to the microstructures was established by observing the fracture surface and the adjacent side surface simultaneously. Three kinds of fracture facets were identified at either temperature. The first is a smoothly curved intergranular fracture facet with characteristic parallel lines on it. The second is a fairly planar facet formed by parting along an annealing twin boundary, a real {111} plane. There are three sets of parallel lines on the facet and the lines in different sets intersect at 60 deg. The third is a lamellar transgranular fracture facet with sets of parallel steps on it. Fracture propagated by the formation of microcracks on a grain boundary, annealing twin boundary, and coalescence of these cracks. The observation suggests that the ease of crack initiation and propagation along the grain boundary and the annealing twin boundary may be the main reason for the low-temperature brittleness of this steel. A mechanism for grain boundary cracking, including annealing twin boundary parting, has been discussed based on the stress concentration induced by impinging planar deformation structures on the grain boundaries.     

铌-钛微合金化中碳硼钢连铸坯的高温力学性能

为了避免或减少铌-钛微合金化中碳硼钢320mm×280mm铸坯(%/:0.35C,0.04Si,0.87Mn,0.010P,0.007S,0.27Cr,0.031Alt,0.03Nb,0.030Ti,0.0018B,0.0046N)表面裂纹,研究了该钢种连铸坯的高温力学性能,并对高温拉伸断口和断口附近显微组织进行了观察。结果表明:在600～1250℃,试验钢在600℃时的断面收缩率为54.4%,其它测试温度点的断面收缩率均高于60%;试验钢第Ⅰ脆性区; 1200℃,第Ⅲ脆性区在750～850℃,在850～1200℃试验钢具有良好的热塑性;试验钢在800℃时具有相对偏低塑性,但拉伸断口微观下仍以韧窝形貌为主;试验钢在实际连铸生产时,采用≤1.0m/min铸速和≥950℃矫直温度,连铸坯表面质量良好。     

80mm厚高韧性工程机械用Q460级TMCP钢的研制

采用低碳Cr-Mo系添加微量强碳化物形成元素的成分设计,通过TMCP工艺控制,获得均匀铁素体/贝氏体组织,充分发挥析出强化、细晶强化和贝氏体组织强化作用,研制80 mm厚高韧性工程机械用Q460钢。试制钢板力学性能均匀,不仅具有良好的拉伸力学性能,且低温冲击韧性优良,-60℃冲击功大于180 J,冲击断口呈明显塑性变形;SEM分析表明,断口微观形貌韧窝特征明显,面积约为55%,韧窝内圆形氧化物夹杂细小;钢板厚度方向铁素体/贝氏体组织均匀,晶粒尺寸约为8～10μm;TEM分析表明,晶内存在高密度位错,大量细小弥散的第二相粒子沿位错线析出。