Effect of plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion performance of 17-4 PH stainless steel

This study investigates the effect of plasma nitriding parameters on corrosion susceptibility of 17-4 PH stainless steel in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. In this regard, 17-4 PH stainless steel was plasma nitrided at 400°C for 5 and 10?h, 450°C for 5?h and 500°C for 5?h. Cross-sectional images after nitriding process showed that a uniform nitrided layer has been formed on steel substrate. Depending on the temperature and time of the nitriding process, different phases were formed in the nitrided layer. This affected general corrosion and pitting corrosion performance of 17-4 PH stainless steel in 3.5?wt-% NaCl solution. While precipitation of chromium nitrides for nitrided specimens at 450°C and higher increased the susceptibility to pitting and general corrosion, formation of expanded martensite (EM) in nitriding at 400°C improved the pitting corrosion resistance of 17-4 PH stainless steel. This is believed to be due to the release of nitrogen atoms from EM phase to form ammonium ions and increase the pH of the solution, supressing pit growth.     

pH值对高温高压水中304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

在高温高压水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸试验方法,研究了不同pH值对304L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂行为的影响规律,并通过扫描电镜对试样断口形貌进行观察与分析.结果表明:在300℃时,304L不锈钢在弱酸性和弱碱性溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性较大,且酸性越强,敏感性越大.在中性溶液中,304L不锈钢的强度和塑性损失较小,应力腐蚀敏感性较小,断口分析与之吻合.     

稀土Y对气雾化制备PH13-8Mo钢粉末特性的影响

摘要：研究了不同含量的稀土Y对选区激光熔化技术(SLM)用PH13 8Mo钢粉末特性的影响,并通过Thermo-Calc热力学软件、粉体综合特性测试仪、霍尔流速计、激光粒度分析仪、扫描电镜和电子探针等方法对不同Y含量的PH13-8Mo钢粉末特性的变化规律进行研究。结果表明,随着金属粉末中Y含量的增加,金属粉末的松装密度从3.73提高到3.93g/cm3,50g粉末的自由流动时间从25.44减小到25.11s,粉末的流动性变好。同时,PH13 8Mo钢粉末的平均粒径从37.29减小到30.99μm,粉末的粒度分布区间变窄。研究还发现,不含Y的PH13-8Mo钢粉末的组织由树枝晶和等轴晶组成,而Y质量分数为0.080%的PH13 8Mo钢粉末的组织均由等轴晶组成。综上,在PH13.8Mo钢粉末中加入稀土Y,粉末的特性得到优化。     

冷变形316L不锈钢在高温高压水中的应力腐蚀

采用恒应力强度因子K=33 MPa·m^1/2的加载方法,利用直流电压降方法在线监测核辅管道316L不锈钢在高纯水中应力腐蚀裂纹扩展速率.对比200、250、280和325℃温度下,氩气除氧和含有2 mg·L^-1溶解氧的水化学环境中材料的裂纹扩展速率发现:溶解氧为2 mg·L^-1时的裂纹扩展速率明显比氩气除氧时的裂纹扩展速率高.氩气除氧时,裂纹扩展速率在250℃时有一个最高点;溶解氧为2 mg·L^-1的条件下,裂纹扩展速率随温度的升高而升高.     

焊后热处理对沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响

研究了4种不同的焊后热处理工艺对半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响.结果表明:焊接接头不进行热处理或时效热处理的焊接系数低于0.7,焊接接头进行调整+时效热处理后的焊接系数可达0.9,而对焊接接头进行固溶+调整+时效热处理后焊接系数接近1.接头不进行热处理或者是仅时效热处理时,薄弱区为熔合线靠近母材的区域,组织为奥氏体和少量的铁素体.进行调整+时效热处理或固溶+调整+时效热处理时,熔合线靠近母材侧的组织为板条马氏体、少量的铁素体和沉淀析出相,焊缝的组织为板条马氏体和沉淀析出相,薄弱区消失,焊接系数大幅度提高.     

硫化氢环境下两种不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂行为

用U形弯试样浸泡和慢应变速率拉伸实验研究了3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN和00Cr22Ni5Mo3N(2205)不锈钢在硫化氢介质中的应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)行为.2205不锈钢的SCC萌生孕育期较长,在pH较低的饱和H₂S溶液中具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性随溶液pH值的升高或H₂S含量的降低而迅速降低.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC孕育期均低于2205不锈钢,在pH ≤ 4.5、H₂S的质量浓度 ≥ 10³mg·L^-1的H₂S介质中均具有明显的SCC敏感性,其SCC敏感性受pH值和H₂S含量变化影响较小.3Cr17Ni7Mo2SiN的SCC以沿晶裂纹萌生,扩展后转变为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂;2205不锈钢近表面处首先发生奥氏体-铁素体相间氢致开裂,并促进SCC萌生,其SCC为穿晶应力腐蚀开裂.     

沉淀硬化PH15-7Mo不锈钢采用电渣重熔工艺时Al含量的控制研究

研究了PHl5-7Mo钢的真空(VIM)母材采用电渣重熔(ESR)工艺时,合金元素的变化和不同的重熔工艺对重熔子材Al含量的影响,总结出根据母材Al含量的不同,在电渣重熔时调整Al含量的规律,使电渣重熔子材的Al含量满足要求,为该钢的生产提供了控制成份的依据.     

高温水环境下温度对316L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响

在高温水环境中,采用慢应变速率拉伸实验方法研究了温度对316 L不锈钢应力腐蚀开裂的影响规律,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)对试样断口形貌进行分析.结果表明:在高温水环境中,温度为200~345℃时316 L不锈钢具有应力腐蚀开裂敏感性;材料脆性指标随温度升高而增大,应力腐蚀开裂敏感性增强,断口分析与之吻合;250℃是316 L不锈钢发生应力腐蚀开裂的敏感温度,断口边缘形貌呈现明显脆性断裂特征.     

海洋大气环境下17-7PH不锈钢的接触腐蚀研究

 为了研究17-7PH不锈钢在海洋大气环境下接触腐蚀的防护问题,将不同表面状态的17-7PH不锈钢板状试样在青岛团岛和海南万宁进行1年的大气暴晒试验,对其宏观腐蚀形貌对比,并测定其疲劳寿命,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察暴晒试样表面腐蚀形貌,用光学显微镜比较腐蚀坑深度,分析海洋大气腐蚀对17-7PH不锈钢疲劳性能的影响,最后得出了17-7PH不锈钢的腐蚀防护措施。结果表明：在青岛暴晒的不涂漆17-7PH不锈钢试样表面色泽变暗,有均匀的细小点蚀,而海南的试样表面有大面积较均匀的褐色锈层,特别是17-7PH不锈钢与TC18钛合金连接处腐蚀较为集中,但腐蚀并没有降低其疲劳寿命;从暴晒试样的表面微观腐蚀形貌比较,无论涂漆与否,17-7PH不锈钢表面都有轻微腐蚀,但只局限于表层,点蚀不深,并且趋向均匀腐蚀;17-7PH不锈钢抗大气腐蚀性能很好,经钝化后可不涂漆直接在海洋大气环境中使用1年,而不会对其疲劳性能产生明显影响。     

Microstructure characteristics of segregation zone in 17-4PH stainless steel piston rod

The segregation of Cu and Ni in a 17-4PH stainless steel piston rod has been confirmed to be responsible for the cracking after heat treatment.Further investigation showed that the segregation zone was composed of three layers,namely the fine grain martensitic layer,the coarse grain martensitic layer and the coarse grain austenitic layer from the matrix to the crack surface.Three button ingots with the same chemical compositions as those three layers have been prepared to evaluate the grain size distribution,microstructure and mechanical properties.The effects of Cu and Ni segregation on the microstructures of those three layers have been explored by thermodynamic calculation.Based on the microstructure and mechanical properties results,an intensive understanding of the cracking in the segregation zone was therefore reached.     

溶解氧和温度对06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢在超临界水中应力腐蚀的影响

通过慢应变速率拉伸试验,在超临界水环境中研究了溶解氧和温度对06Cr17Ni12Mo2Ti不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂倾向的影响规律.试验结果表明:在含不同溶解氧量(0/200/2000μg·kg^-1)的450℃和550℃超临界水环境中,不锈钢都呈现出不同程度的应力腐蚀开裂倾向.随着水中溶解氧含量的增加,不锈钢的应力腐蚀开裂倾向更为明显.随着温度的上升,应力腐蚀开裂倾向反而会下降.在含不同溶解氧量(0/200/2000μg·kg^-1)的650℃超临界水环境中,不锈钢只发生塑性断裂,未发现应力腐蚀开裂倾向,并且溶解氧对其影响也不是很明显.     

Development of Modified 304 Stainless Steel Resistant to Stress Corrosion Cracking in Chloride Environment

Ｓｔａｉｎｌｅｓｓｓｔｅｅｌｓａｒｅ ｐｒａｃｔｉｃａｌｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｎｅｕｔｒａｌｍｅｄｉａｌｗｈｉｃｈｄｏｎ’ｔｉｎｉｔｉａｔｅｓｔｒｅｓｓｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｃｒａｃｋｉｎｇ(ＳＣＣ)ａｓｌｏｎｇａｓｔｈｅｓｔｅｅｌｓａｒｅｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｅｄｆｒｏｍｌｏｃａｌ ｉｚｅｄｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎ[1] .Ｔｈｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌ 30 4ｓｔｅｅｌｃａｎａｖｏｉｄｐｉｔｔｉｎｇｂｕｔｃｒｅｖｉｃｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎ .Ｉｆｃｒｅｖｉｃｅｃｏｒｒｏｓｉｏｎｉｓａｖｏｉｄｅｄｂｙａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎａｌａｌｌｏｙｉｎｇｔｏ…     

冶炼工艺对15-5PH不锈钢疲劳性能的影响

 为了研究冶炼工艺对15-5PH不锈钢疲劳性能的影响,通过ASPEX夹杂物分析、拉压疲劳试验和扫描电镜等手段并结合裂纹扩展速率试验,研究了冶炼工艺对15-5PH不锈钢中夹杂物的粒径分布和疲劳性能的影响,并对比了两种试验钢裂纹扩展速率的大小。结果表明,VIM+VAR工艺冶炼的1号试验钢总氧质量分数较低,夹杂物尺寸较小且质量分数较低,1号试验钢的疲劳强度比单真空工艺冶炼的2号试验钢高30 MPa,通过疲劳断口SEM观察,1号试验钢在表面基体起裂,2号试验钢的裂纹源是次表面的Al₂O₃夹杂物;相同条件下,1号试验钢裂纹扩展速率大于2号试验钢。     

Influence of nitrogen-alloying on the tempering properties of the martensitic stainless steel 00Cr13Ni4Mo

The mechanical and corrosive properties of 00Cr13Ni4Mo(S13-4N) were tested and compared with those of 00Cr13Ni6Mo(S13-6).The effects of nitrogen on the properties of the steels were analyzed.The results of the tensile and corrosion tests show the strength,the ductility,and the pitting corrosion resistance of S13-4N are higher,lower and poorer than those of S13-6 respectively,when tempered at a temperature below 550℃and vice versa when the tempering temperature is higher than 550℃.The results of the X-ray diffraction(XRD) and the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analyses reveal that inversed austenite appears at 550℃and the amount of it peaks at 600℃with the best ductility.And the total amount of the inversed austenite in S13-6 is more than that in S13-4N in different forms. Nitrogen performs better in terms of stabilizing inversed austenite while nickel is more favorable for forming inversed austenite,the amount and stability of which affect the ductility remarkably.The reason for the embrittlement of S13-4N at 450℃can be the result of carbide and nitride precipitating at grain boundaries.     

The influence of palladium on the hydrogen-assisted cracking resistance of PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel

We compare the hydrogen-assisted cracking resistance of wrought PH 13-8 Mo stainless steel alloyed with 0.4 to 1.0 wt pct palladium to the conventional alloy when aged to yield strengths of 1170 to 1250 MPa. Intergranular hydrogen cracking is suppressed with Pd in both static load and constant extension rate tests conducted with electrochemical hydrogen charging. These results are analyzed to elucidate the role of Pd in suppressing intergranular cracking. Palladium is found both in substitutional solid solution in the martensitic phase and also in the form of randomly distributed PdAl precipitates in all Pd-modified alloys. Interfacial segregation of Pd to grain boundaries and lath boundaries is not observed at any levels above a detection limit of approximately 0.5 monolayers. Hydrogen permeation analyses indicate that hydrogen ingress is not inhibited by Pd but that apparent diffusion coefficients are lowered relative to the conventional alloy. Lower diffusion coefficients are consistent with the creation of a strong but reversible hydrogen trap, identified as the uniformly distributed PdAl phase. We hypothesize that PdAl trap sites force a redistribution of trapped hydrogen, which lowers the amount of interfacially segregated hydrogen at prior austenite grain boundaries for the electrochemical conditions applied. These assertions are supported by a simplistic trapping model for PH 13-8 Mo which shows that both the hydrogen trap binding energy and the trap density for the PdAl trapping site are greater than the hydrogen trap binding energy and density for prior austenite grain boundaries. J.R. SCULLY, formerly with Sandia National Laboratories.     

17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢表面防护技术研究进展

17-4PH马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢具有良好抗衰减性能、抗腐蚀和抗空蚀性能以及优异的力学性能,在核能、海洋和航天等工业领域有广泛应用。由于长期服役于高温、腐蚀、冲击和摩擦的复杂环境中,17-4PH零部件表面受到水蚀、空蚀、腐蚀和摩擦磨损等严重破坏,亟需开展针对性防护研究。为此综述了目前17-4PH不锈钢表面防护的研究进展,主要从表面强化、表面改性和表面涂敷3个角度分析其优缺点、应用现状,并对其未来发展趋势进行展望。     

PH13-8Mo不锈钢在半乡村大气环境中长周期腐蚀行为

在北京半乡村大气环境中对未经预钝化及硝酸预钝化后的PH13-8Mo不锈钢进行5 a的长周期暴晒试验,通过表面形貌观察、质量损失分析、表面钝化膜及腐蚀产物膜层分析、力学性能检测及断口分析等方法,研究了硝酸预钝化处理对PH13-8Mo长周期腐蚀行为的影响规律及机理。结果表明,经5 a大气暴晒试验,硝酸预钝化处理减轻了PH13-8Mo不锈钢的点蚀、降低其均匀腐蚀速率,通过降低PH13-8Mo不锈钢钝化膜中的氢氧化物含量、提高Cr/Fe原子比并提高大气暴晒后表面的Kelvin电位,延迟了Cl?对钝化膜的破坏及点蚀的形核,进而提高了表面膜层对基体的保护作用。硝酸预钝化处理能减少在半乡村大气环境中PH13-8Mo不锈钢力学性能的下降,但对试样的断裂方式几乎没有产生影响,二者均为韧性断裂,断口均呈现典型的“杯锥状”。      

汽车用AISI 347不锈钢在酸性溶液环境的诱发破裂

研究了汽车用AISI 347不锈钢在酸性氯化钠水溶液中的环境诱发破裂性能。结果显示,经过650℃保温后AISI 347不锈钢具有抵抗敏化的能力;其腐蚀电位钝态区范围随650℃保温时间的延长而缩小;在25℃、pH=2的3.5%(质量分数)NaCl水溶液或90℃、pH=2的1%NaCl水溶液中,主要以延性韧窝状的模式断裂,应力腐蚀破裂仅局限在试棒断面的边缘,其抵抗环境诱发破裂性能良好,具有优良的抗应力腐蚀破裂的性能。     

15-5PH不锈钢大型锻件冶炼脱氧工艺研究

摘要：以实际工艺流程50t EBT-VOD-LF-VC冶炼15-5PH不锈钢为背景,通过FactSage 8.0和经典Wagner模型研究冶炼硅铝复合脱氧过程中钢液中的铝含量、炉渣组成以及冶炼温度等因素对钢液中氧含量的影响进行了热力学研究。结果表明：Al-Si复合脱氧为15-5PH不锈钢冶炼过程中的最佳脱氧工艺,为了保证脱氧的冶炼效果,应控制钢液中的酸溶铝的质量分数在0.015%左右;降低冶炼温度有利于降低钢液平衡氧含量;考虑炉渣的物理性能和钢渣界面平衡反应得出脱氧工艺的最优炉渣成分,碱度为2.5~3.0,w（(Cr2O3)）=0.5%,w（(Al2O3)）=20%,w（(MgO)）=5%,w（(CaF2)）=5%;经过工艺优化后生产的15.5PH不锈钢中氧含量明显降低,均满足产品要求,炉渣碱度对平衡氧含量和实际生产全氧含量的影响规律基本相同。     

304不锈钢在模拟压水堆一回路水中高温电化学腐蚀行为

通过模拟压水堆一回路水环境,研究了氯离子浓度和溶解氧对304不锈钢高温电化学腐蚀行为的影响.动电位极化曲线结果表明,氯离子浓度主要影响高电位下的二次钝化效应,低电位下影响效果不明显,结合X射线光电子能谱对氧化膜元素成分的分析发现二次钝化效应与氧化膜中Fe/Cr元素含量比密切相关.电化学阻抗谱和扫描电镜结果表明,随着氯离子浓度增加,氧化膜阻抗逐渐降低,表面外层氧化物颗粒和间隙逐渐增大,耐腐蚀性能降低.随着溶解氧含量的升高,304自腐蚀电位逐渐升高,钝化电流密度降低,钝化区间缩小,表面氧化膜阻抗逐渐增加.