共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)结合Avrami 方程研究在4℃、储存两周的条件下,6种莲子淀粉的糊化和老化特性,探讨直链淀粉以及贮存时间对其热力学行为产生的影响,并用SPSS软件计算其相关性。结果表明:6种莲子淀粉的糊化温度、ΔH、老化焓、老化度以及老化速率存在着一定的差异,老化速率的大小顺序为太空莲>美人红>大紫红>武植2号>鄂莲>洪湖莲,太空莲淀粉的老化速率是洪湖莲淀粉的1.36 倍;6种莲子淀粉的成核方式均为瞬间成核;4℃条件下贮存两周的莲子淀粉的老化度随着贮存时间的增加而增大;直链淀粉含量与Avrami 指数n值呈负相关,与速率常数k值、ΔH、老化焓以及冰融溶焓呈正相关。 相似文献
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利用差示扫描量热仪研究小米淀粉及小米粉的糊化特性 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用差示扫描量热仪(differential scanning calorimeter,DSC)研究NaCl添加量、蔗糖添加量及pH值对小米淀粉和小米粉糊化特性的影响,并用SPSS软件进行相关性及显著性分析,将小米淀粉和小米粉的糊化特性进行对比。结果表明:相同测试条件下,小米淀粉的糊化温度(包括糊化起始温度T0、峰值温度Tp、糊化终止温度Tc)比小米粉糊化温度低(2.65±0.87) ℃;糊化热焓值(ΔH)比小米粉高(2.51±0.32) J/g;添加NaCl的小米淀粉及小米粉的糊化温度比添加蔗糖的糊化温度高(4.30±1.24) ℃。酸性条件抑制小米淀粉的糊化作用,碱的存在则促进体系糊化。 相似文献
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蕨根淀粉糊化温度测定及影响因素研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
采用偏光显微镜、DSC差示扫描量热仪等对蕨根淀粉糊化温度进行测定.结果表明:蕨根淀粉具有明显的偏光性,多数呈黑十字,少数呈“×”形.用偏光显微镜测得蕨淀粉的糊化温度为57~64~74 ℃,稍高于土豆淀粉,明显低于玉米淀粉.DSC差示扫描量热仪测得蕨根淀粉的糊化温度为57.50~65.54~70.30 ℃,ΔT为12.8 ℃,ΔH为9.65 J/g.采用偏光显微镜法测定不同添加物对蕨根淀粉糊化温度的影响,结果表明:蔗糖、食用明胶、氯化钠使糊化温度升高,氯化钙降低了最终糊化温度. 相似文献
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研究氯化钠、蔗糖和碳酸钠对芡实淀粉糊化特性的影响规律。采用差示扫描量热法等方法测定了不同质量分数氯化钠(1%、2%、3%、4%、5%)、蔗糖(4%、8%、12%、16%、20%)和碳酸钠(0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.0%、2.5%)对芡实淀粉的糊化温度、溶解度、膨胀度、冻融稳定性等糊化特性的影响。结果发现,氯化钠、蔗糖和碳酸钠均提高了芡实淀粉的糊化温度。原芡实淀粉透明度为1.3%,氯化钠的加入降低了透明度,而蔗糖和碳酸钠则提高其透明度。氯化钠、蔗糖和碳酸钠均增加了芡实淀粉糊的膨胀度和溶解度,并均降低其冻融稳定性。在凝沉性方面,三者表现不一,低含量的氯化钠(1%~3%)和碳酸钠(0.5%~1.5%)均有利于芡实淀粉糊的稳定;高含量的氯化钠(4%~5%)和碳酸钠(2.0%~2.5%)均促使淀粉糊凝沉增加,降低稳定性;而蔗糖则提高了芡实淀粉糊的凝沉稳定性。由此可见,在芡实淀粉糊化过程中,氯化钠、蔗糖和碳酸钠三者对其糊化特性的影响显著。 相似文献
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抗性淀粉糊化特性的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用差示扫描量热分析技术(DSC)对不同原淀粉及各抗性淀粉样品的糊化温度及热焓值进行了测试.DSC扫描曲线表明:抗性淀粉的DSC吸热曲线完全不同于原淀粉的吸热曲线,原淀粉只在70℃左右有一个较小的吸热峰,而抗性淀粉在150℃左右有一个较大的吸热峰,热焓值在30J/g左右;由不同来源淀粉制成的抗性淀粉样品之间其糊化特性没有显著差别. 相似文献
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本实验采用快速黏度分析仪及流变仪对荞麦(甜荞、苦荞)淀粉糊化过程中的黏度和流变特性进行系统分析,并测定荞麦淀粉膨胀度、凝沉性、冻融稳定性、透光率等糊化特性。结果表明,荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)的糊化温度高于绿豆淀粉,低于大米淀粉和小麦淀粉。苦荞麦淀粉膨胀过程与绿豆淀粉相似,而甜荞淀粉与小麦淀粉相似;荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)糊透明性好;荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)冻融稳定性高于大米淀粉,低于小麦淀粉和绿豆淀粉;荞麦淀粉(甜荞、苦荞)糊具有较好的凝沉稳定性;荞麦淀粉糊属于非牛顿流体中的假塑性流体,其流变曲线符合Sisko 方程。 相似文献
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Liang Li Zhendong Liu Tieqiao Wang Bo Wang Wenhui Zhang Guanghuan Li Zhaoling Guo Yongxian Zhang Bei Xue Zhang Luo 《Food Science & Nutrition》2019,7(7):2374-2380
This study aimed to isolate starch and evaluate its chemical and structural characteristics from six Chinese hulless barley (HB) cultivars. Starch isolated from naked barley displays A‐type crystalline packing and a regular granular shape. We measured peak viscosity values ranging from 237 to 264 cP, trough viscosity values from 305 to 380 cP, breakdown values from 390 to 535 cP, final viscosities from 357 to 523 cP, setback values from 245 to 354 cP and 383 to 460 cP, peak times from 5.53 to 5.73 min, and pasting temperatures from 93.10 to 94.65°C by RVA. Transition temperatures (T0, Tp, and Tc), gelatinization temperature ranges (ΔTr), and enthalpies of gelatinization (ΔH) were measured on a differential scanning calorimeter analyzer (DSC) and ranged from 57.81 to 61.25°C, 64.36 to 67.57°C, 82.03 to 84.70°C, and 21.52 to 26.89°C and 7.14 to 10.66 J/g, respectively. The varying chemical and structural characteristics of HB starch isolated from different cultivars suggested the potential for broader applications of the cereal. 相似文献
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慈姑、荸荠和菱角均为南方特色水生根茎类作物,具有独特的加工特性,其混粉制品拥有新的凝胶特点和营养价值。本试验采用混料设计,建立了凝胶质构指标与混合淀粉各组分的回归模型,并采用差示扫描量热法测定混粉糊化过程中的热特性,在二者基础上探讨各组分间的交互作用。结果表明,混粉既表现出慈姑淀粉的拮抗效应,也表现出菱角淀粉的增效效应,这两种作用相互制约,最终在各凝胶质构特征参数上表现出占优势的一种。DSC图中吸热峰的叠加,表明混合淀粉发生了共糊化。慈姑、荸荠淀粉的存在,明显抑制了菱角淀粉的回生,菱角淀粉颗粒相对可利用的水分少,膨胀受限,仅能部分膨胀,贮藏过程中的脱水收缩作用减弱。模型的建立对于优化各淀粉组分比例而获得所需的凝胶特性具有指导意义,该研究可为南方特色淀粉资源的有效利用提供参考。 相似文献
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Lillian Chuang Naksit Panyoyai Robert Shanks Stefan Kasapis 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2017,52(3):800-807
It has been suggested that microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) can be used in biodegradable films to improve techno‐functionality by providing bulk and enhancing mechanical strength. This study aimed to investigate the effect of MCC addition on the structural properties of potato starch films. Samples were prepared by hot pressing at 120 °C for 7 min to produce systems that covered a broad range of moisture content and relative humidity. Complimentary experimental techniques, including thermomechanical analysis, FTIR, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and SEM, were employed to examine the micro‐ and macromolecular characteristics in these mixtures. Both moisture content and the presence of MCC have a plasticising effect on the composites yielding a reduction in its glass transition temperature. It appears that there is no specific and nontrivial interaction between potato starch and MCC, an outcome which indicates that the cellulose fibres act as inert filler in the polymeric composite. 相似文献
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Rheological properties of some starch-water-sugar systems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Marek Sikora & Krzysztof Pielichowski 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1999,34(4):371-383
Summary When certain amounts of starch were blended with saturated, aqueous solutions of d-fructose, d-glucose or sucrose, shear thickening, easily pourable semi-solids were formed. The amount of starch necessary to cause this rheological effect depended, at least in part, on the starch variety. The conditions necessary to observe this effect using potato and corn starch blends with d-fructose, d-glucose and sucrose are presented. This method may be useful in studies of starch granule morphology. Gelation characteristics and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of potato and corn starch in saturated aqueous d-fructose, d-glucose, and sucrose solutions showed that both starch varieties interacted differently with the environment. Starch more readily gelatinised in sucrose solutions than in solutions of d-fructose and d-glucose. 相似文献
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发芽是进一步提升谷物种子营养价值的重要手段,已经成为当前谷物研究的新热点。本文以晋燕八号燕麦为原料,通过在16℃浸泡并避光发芽,分别提取不同时间段的燕麦淀粉,用差示扫描量热(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)和热重分析(thermogravimetric analysis,TGA)两种手段对原燕麦和发芽后燕麦淀粉的热特性进行表征。结果发现,发芽对燕麦中淀粉的起始糊化温度影响不大,在发芽144 h内,平均起始糊化温度为57.44±0.48℃,但发芽72 h以后的燕麦中淀粉糊化温度范围扩大,以发芽72 h为界,前后两段的糊化焓都是逐渐增加的,这可能提示发芽期间淀粉结构存在由无序到有序的交替变化过程;氮气氛围下,淀粉的分解温度在275~363℃之间,此温度区间内淀粉的质量损失为65%~73%;发芽淀粉热分解反应活化能比原燕麦淀粉均有降低,其中原燕麦淀粉的热分解活化能为219.44±14.46 kJ/mol,活化能最小的为发芽144 h的淀粉,其值为157.75±5.58 kJ/mol,各发芽阶段淀粉热分解反应级数均为一级。 相似文献
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3种百合淀粉主要理化性质的研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对湖南株洲和宜章两地的卷丹及麝香百合的淀粉的主要理化性质进行了研究。其结果表明:株洲、宜章卷丹及麝香百合淀粉的淀粉含量分别为78·74%、87·33%、78·36%,其直链淀粉分别为24·36%、26·04%、21·38%;淀粉晶体结构是B型结构;糊化温度分别为51·9~54·3℃、55·7~61·0℃、57·3~60·7℃。随着加热温度的上升,百合淀粉的膨胀度和溶解度均呈增加趋势,在65℃时膨胀较小,在75~95℃时膨胀较快,为典型的二段膨胀过程,属限制型膨胀淀粉。 相似文献
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Saiwarun Chaiwanichsiri Shigehiko Ohnishi Toru Suzuki Rikuo Takai Osato Miyawaki 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2001,81(15):1586-1591
Electrical conductivity measurements were applied to analyse the gelatinisation process of 12 starch or flour suspensions. The electrical conductivity of starch suspensions was found to increase upon gelatinisation because of the release of ions from starch granules. The initiation temperature of ion release, Ti, correlated well with the onset temperature in the DSC thermogram (R = 0.868), while the completion temperature of ion release, Tf, correlated with the temperature at the start of viscosity increase (R = 0.865). Thus Ti and Tf corresponded to the beginning and ending temperatures of gelatinisation respectively. The electrical conductivity measurement will be used as an on‐line technique to monitor the whole process of starch gelatinisation. © 2001 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献