栀子黄色素的提取及性能研究

本文研究了从黄栀子中提取的栀子黄色素各种条件，并对色素的性质进行了初步的探讨，旨在为栀子黄色素的开发、利用提供有用的信息。     

浸取法提取栀子黄色素工艺研究

通过浸取法来提取栀子中的黄色素,改变乙醇浓度、浸取时间、浸取温度、料液比4个工艺条件,通过单因素实验和正交实验研究栀子黄色素最佳提取工艺条件。研究结果表明,于乙醇浓度60%、浸提时间140min、浸提温度50℃、料液比1:14工艺条件下,栀子黄色素析出浓度最大,吸光度值为0.612。     

氧化还原剂及金属离子对栀子黄色素稳定性的影响研究

探讨了食品中常见氧化剂、还原剂及金属离子对栀子黄色素稳定性的影响.以栀子黄色素为材料,栀子黄色素色素损失率为表征指标,改变不同食品中常见氧化剂、还原剂及其浓度,改变金属离子种类,通过紫外可见分光光度计对处理后的栀子黄色素溶液进行全波长扫描,计算栀子黄色素色素损失率.试验所得数据通过Excel软件进行统计分析,使用LSD...     

不同温度、pH、光照条件对栀子黄色素稳定性研究

目的 探讨研究不同pH、温度和光照条件对栀子黄色素稳定性的影响.方法以栀子黄色素为材料,色素损失率为表征指标,改变栀子黄色素所处pH、温度和光照条件,通过紫外可见分光光度计对处理后的栀子黄色素溶液进行全波长扫描,计算栀子黄色素色素损失率.试验所得数据通过Excel软件进行统计分析,使用LSD和SPPSS19.0对时间结...     

NKA大孔吸附树脂分离栀子黄

采用非极性的NKA树脂吸附栀子浸取液中的栀子黄 ,通过对树脂的吸附曲线、穿透曲线、脱附曲线的实验研究获得了适宜的吸附速度、树脂与原料的质量比例和洗脱速度等工艺参数。在适宜的工艺条件下 ,采用NKA树脂吸附分离栀子浸取液中的栀子黄 ,可以得到色价 >4 2 0、OD值 <0 . 32的栀子黄。     

栀子黄色素的精制及栀子蓝色素的转化

栀子黄色素提取液经AB-8型大孔吸附树脂吸附、洗脱精制后得到高纯度的栀子黄色素及舍高浓度栀子苷的废液。从土壤及菌种保藏室中分别筛选到4株霉菌和2株杆菌,并将其应用于栀子黄废液发酵转栀子蓝色素实验。结果发现,霉菌中2#和4#菌株的转蓝效果较好,发酵液色价E1^‰ cm（590nm）分别为129．0、171．5,达到了国际市场标准;杆菌中枯草芽孢杆菌的转蓝效果较好,发酵液色价目‰（590nm）为48．9。     

栀子黄色素提取工艺的研究进展

栀子黄色素是从栀子果实中提取得到的天然色素,广泛应用于食品、医药和化妆品行业。目前栀子黄色素的生产工艺复杂,产品的得率和色价较低,制取高色价高纯度的栀子黄色索是近年来研究的热点。本文按照提取精制方法的不同,综述了近10年来国内外对栀子黄色素的研究成果,着重探讨了栀子黄色素的性质和分离纯化的工艺条件,并展望了栀子黄色素的...     

中药栀子研究进展

栀子目前在我国种植面积很大,已经形成我国的一大特色农业。栀子可利用部分主要为栀子果实和栀子花,栀子果实的化学成分主要包括栀子黄色素、栀子苷、多糖等;栀子花含栀子精油,是提炼栀子香精的主要原料。本文主要介绍了栀子黄色素、栀子苷、多糖及栀子精油的的研究进展。     

制备栀子黄色素

山东大学药学院研究出栀子黄色素的制备工艺。研究人员对水煮和乙醇提取栀子黄色素进行正交设计,就水煮中提取时间、提取温度和料液比及乙醇提取中的乙醇浓度、提取时间和提取温度对栀子黄色素提取的相关性进行试验研究。结果发现,在水煮栀子黄色素中,料液比、提取温度、提取时间是影响栀子黄色素的显著因素。     

超声场对栀子甙提取过程的强化

测定了在栀子果实中栀子甙在水溶液中浸取的固液平衡关系,不同强度超声场作用下栀子甙相平衡关系,研究比较了机械搅拌法和超声场介人下栀子甙的浸取率和浸取速率。实验结果表明：超声场可以改变浸取相平衡,超声场强度越大,固体中栀子甙吸附容量越小：超声场作用下使浸取率达到最高、浸取速率达到最大。超声场可有效强化液膜传质、粒内扩散,提高浸取率、加快浸取速率,能达到机械搅拌无法达到强化传质的效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。