乙草胺微乳液的研究

采用拟三元相图的方法研究了乳化剂和助乳化剂对乙草胺微乳液区域的影响,确定非离子表面活性剂采用酚醚,阴离子表面活性剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钙,助表面活性剂使用正丁醇,最佳乳化剂配方:非离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、助表面活性剂的质量比为5:2:3.通过电导率测定,确定了乙草胺,乳化剂,水三元体系中乳液区的W/O、O/W类型.通过对液晶现象观察,绘制了在混合制剂(A)/混合制剂(T)/水拟三元相图中液晶区域范围.并讨论了微乳剂配制过程中的相行为变化.     

不同因素对CTAB/TX-100微乳液相图的影响

用ε-β"鱼状"相图法研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)与非离子表面活性剂辛基苯酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(TX-100)以不同摩尔比复配形成的CTAB/TX-100/醇/油/NaCl水溶液微乳液体系的相行为和增溶性能.结果表明,随着醇浓度的增加,体系由水包油型(O/W)(winsor Ⅰ or (2-)...     

几种常见非离子表面活性剂与季铵盐复合对致病菌的杀菌性能研究

以阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵(1227)、聚六亚甲基双胍盐酸盐(IB)、双癸基二甲基氯化铵为主的双8-10(D8-10)和双癸基甲基羟乙基氯化铵(DEQ)以及非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯(9)醚(BAN)、格尔伯特醇聚氧乙烯(5⁶)醚(BAE)、异辛醇聚氧乙烯(56)醚(BAE)、异辛醇聚氧乙烯(5⁶)醚(HYT)、烷基多苷(FCET)为研究对象,研究了复合组分的季铵盐、非离子表面活性剂与复合组分的季铵盐对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄菌以及白色念珠菌作用20 min后的杀菌活性。结果表明,60 mg/L 1227、IB、D8-10和DEQ复合溶液,杀菌作用20 min,即可对大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄菌和白色念珠菌的KL>1;1227、IB、D8-10和DEQ对3种人体致病菌的杀灭效果除了与组合方式有关以外,还可能与之复合非离子表面活性剂的结构及浓度密切相关。     

聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂的稳定-硫氰酸钻分光光度法

用苯萃取聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂与硫氰酸钴所形成的络合物,然后用紫外分光光度法测定聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂.检测范围为0.1～5mg/L.本法测定速度快,准备度好,灵敏度高,受阴离子表面活性剂扰小.     

一种环保型乳化剂复配体系的研究

研究了淀粉糖苷非离子表面活性剂与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯钠盐阴离子型表面活性剂、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂的混合体系的乳化力的变化规律,找出复配体系的最佳配方,将其乳化性与常用的烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚进行比较。结果表明,复配后的体系有较低的表面张力,对菜油的乳化性与烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚相当,对变压器油的乳化性优于烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚。且该体系浊点高,泡沫稳定,乳化性能好。     

专利文献

类多肽肺表面活性剂;含有疏水性改性的聚胺和非离子表面活性剂的洗衣用洗涤剂组合物;混合阳离子月乍离子表面活性剂为模板剂制备MCM-48中孔分子筛的方法;含有聚氧乙烯烷基醚或聚氧乙烯烷基酯以及至少一种非离子表面活性剂的佐剂;含有氧化烯化羧酸醚,非离子表面活性剂和特定聚合物的角质纤维氧化染色用组合物。     

上海将建聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂装置

上海石化总厂与上海合成洗涤剂厂、上海助剂厂、上海市金山县合资经营的聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂项目,已签署引进意大利普利斯公司成套技术装置合同。该项目是利用上海石化总厂30万吨乙烯工程配套的3万吨环氧乙烷与脂肪醇、烷基酚、脂肪酸制取聚氧乙烯型脂肪醇醚、烷基酚醚、脂肪酸酯系列非离子表面活性剂。该项目共引进二套装置,其中一套与上海合成洗涤剂厂联营,设计规模为3万吨/     

聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂的分析应用

表面活性剂,因具有不少独特的分析特性,故在分析化学中的应用历史虽短,但发展很快。最初应用的是阳离子表面活性剂的增溶作用,近年来由于非离子表面活性剂的应用也迅速增加了,表面活性剂的应用范围也就逐渐扩大了,除用于胶束敏感(胶束增溶)比色法外,还用于溶剂萃取、电流滴定以及络合反应速率的研究等。非离子表面活性剂含有在水中不离解的羟基—OH和醚键—O—的结构。以这些结构为亲水基的表面活性剂,按亲水基的不同,可分为聚氧乙烯(聚乙二醇)型和多元醇型两大类。目前在分析化学中应用的是聚氧乙烯型非离子表面活性剂,这是一类用亲水     

氧乐果可溶性液剂的研究

在氧乐果可溶性液剂的制备中,我们对溶剂、助溶剂、乳化剂、稳定剂进行了研究。筛选出了两个最佳配方：氧乐果50％(质量浓度),苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚2．5％,烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚0．7％,无水十二烷基苯磺酸钙(500^#)1.8％,稳定剂0．2％,助溶剂5％,溶剂补加到100％;氧乐果80％(质量浓度),苯乙基酚聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚3％,烷基酚甲醛树脂聚氧乙烯醚0．9％,无水十二烷基苯磺酸钙(500^#)2．2％,稳定剂0．5％,助溶剂6％,溶剂补加到100％。用两种配方生产的产品性能优良。田间试验结果表明,防效优于乳油。     

微乳液体系(OP-7+OP-4)/苯甲醇/ D2EHPA/煤油/盐酸的增溶性能及其对钕的膜萃取

研究了以OP-7[壬基酚聚氧乙烯(7)醚]和OP-4[壬基酚聚氧乙烯(4)醚] 为非离子表面活性剂、苯甲醇为助表面活性剂所形成的W/O型微乳液体系(OP-7 OP-4) / 苯甲醇 / D2EHPA / 煤油 / 盐酸在不同混合表面活性剂配比、盐酸浓度、温度、NaCl浓度等条件下对盐酸的增溶性能;将微乳液作为液膜用于对稀土钕的萃取时,采用了新的膜萃取过程即微乳液/中空纤维膜接触器萃取.结果表明,微乳液对盐酸的增溶量随混合表面活性剂的亲水亲油平衡值(HLB值)以及盐酸浓度的增大而增大,随温度的升高、NaCl浓度的增大而减小.当以逆流方式萃取时,微乳液内相盐酸浓度越大,萃取率越高,但内相富集倍数减小;当微乳液流量为6 mL·min-1、料液初始浓度为200 mg·L-1、有效萃取时间为 6 min时,Nd3 的萃取率达96.3%,微乳液内相浓度富集倍数为21.2,有效萃取时间超过6 min后,萃取率基本不变,表明该非离子型微乳液对钕Nd3 具有很好的萃取和富集功能,所采用的新膜萃取过程同时具有膜萃取过程的热力学稳定性和液膜分离过程非平衡性的优点.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Some Large Wood-Boring Beetles in Southeastern USA

Ethanol and α-pinene were tested as attractants for large wood-boring pine beetles in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina in 2002–2004. Multiple-funnel traps baited with (−)-α-pinene (released at about 2 g/d at 25–28°C) were attractive to the following Cerambycidae: Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus rusticus nubilus, Asemum striatum, Monochamus titillator, Prionus pocularis, Xylotrechus integer, and X. sagittatus sagittatus. Buprestis lineata (Buprestidae), Alaus myops (Elateridae), and Hylobius pales and Pachylobius picivorus (Curculionidae) were also attracted to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. In many locations, ethanol synergized attraction of the cerambycids Acanthocinus nodosus, A. obsoletus, Arhopalus r. nubilus, Monochamus titillator, and Xylotrechus s. sagittatus (but not Asemum striatum, Prionus pocularis, or Xylotrechus integer) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene. Similarly, attraction of Alaus myops, Hylobius pales, and Pachylobius picivorus (but not Buprestis lineata) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene was synergized by ethanol. These results provide support for the use of traps baited with ethanol and (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common large wood-boring beetles from the southeastern region of the USA at ports-of-entry in other countries, as well as forested areas in the USA.