武钢2号高炉炉缸炉底维护

随着冶炼的强化、炉顶压力的提高和低硅生铁冶炼,武钢2号高炉炉缸、炉底侵蚀加快,为此采取一系列维护炉缸、炉底的措施,同时妥善处理了高炉稳定顺行与维护炉缸、炉底之间的矛盾,既抑制了高炉炉缸、炉底的进一步加剧,同时高炉各项技术经济指标大幅度改善.     

高炉炉缸侵蚀

炉缸是高炉最重要的部位，高炉的一代工作寿命主要取决于炉缸耐火材料的侵蚀行为。弄清炉缸侵蚀的机理，监测和控制侵蚀的过程，对延长高炉一代寿命是非常必要的。     

迁钢公司2号高炉炉缸热流及侵蚀变化在线监测技术

分析了单独采集高炉炉缸冷却壁水温差或热电偶温度来监测炉缸工作状态存在的问题,指出同时采集上述2种数据作为计算依据更有利于准确监测炉缸和炉底温度场、侵蚀内型、渣铁壳以及炉缸热流强度的变化,并能实时诊断炉缸工作状态异常原因。介绍了迁钢公司2号高炉炉缸冷却水温差及侵蚀变化在线监测系统的开发和应用,分析了“传热法”炉缸热流强度异常升高的原因,指出采用“传热法”炉缸的大型高炉在操作过程中要注意活跃炉缸中心和减弱铁水环流。     

迁钢1号高炉炉缸炉底在线监测及长寿维护

重点阐述了迁钢1号高炉炉缸冷却壁水温采集通讯及炉缸炉底侵蚀在线监测系统,应用此系统分析了炉缸炉底不同时期热电偶温度或热流异常升高的原因,给出了根据侵蚀原因分析采取的合理护炉措施,在线侵蚀监测系统准确全面地反映了维护手段对炉内侵蚀的影响,及时有效的监测和护炉为实现高炉的长寿高效奠定了基础.     

迂钢1号高炉炉缸水温差异常的处理

迁钢1号高炉在炉缸二、三段水温差和热流强度急剧升高后,通过采取控制强度,提高冷却水压力、加钛球护炉、控制炉前出铁、改善煤气初始分布等措施,把水温差降到合理的范围内,实现了高炉的长期顺稳生产.     

迁钢1号高炉炉缸水温差异常的处理

迁钢1号高炉在炉缸二、三段水温差和热流强度急剧升高后,通过采取控制强度,提高冷却水压力、加钛球护炉、控制炉前出铁、改善煤气初始分布等措施,把水温差降到合理的范围内,实现了高炉的长期顺稳生产。     

多法斯和公司4号高炉的炉缸监测经验

多法斯科公司对炉缸炉衬磨损监测、控制和分析做了许多工作。本文介绍了确保高炉安全操作而使用的炉缸监测系统以及炉缸操作和维护技术，并介绍焦炭质量的变化对产量和出铁操作的影响以及冷却设备的泄漏对炉缸耐火材料温度波动所产生的影响。     

Heat Transfer Modelling of a Blast Furnace Hearth

This paper describes the development of a heat transfer model with the purpose of studying the heat flows in the hearth of an operating blast furnace. Temperature profiles were calculated for a period of time to study the transition from steady blast furnace operation to an unsteady period, and back to a steady period. This total time period had the highest lining temperatures registered since the beginning of the current campaign. It was concluded that no part of the lining had an inner temperature higher than the critical temperature of 1150 °C. Thus, no refractory could have been in direct contact with slag or iron. The corner between the wall and the bottom was identified to be the most sensitive part of the lining. It is suggested that thermocouples are installed in this area, to improve the temperature control.     

CFD Modeling and Analysis of The Flow,Heat Transfer and Mass Transfer in a Blast Furnace Hearth

Understanding the complex phenomena in the BF hearth is essential to increasing furnace productivity and to extending furnace campaign. Numerical modeling provides a cost‐effective tool to obtain such knowledge. We have developed several continuum‐based mathematical/numerical models to simulate the flow, heat transfer and mass transfer in the lower part of BF and in the hearth. These models have generated an improved insight into the mechanisms for liquid drainage efficiency, lining erosion and wall protection in BF hearth under operational conditions. The current paper provides an overview of these studies, as well as dealing with three specific aspects: (a) Gas flow and pressure on the liquid surface, and its effect on the drainage characteristics; (b) Flow and temperature distributions of liquid iron in the hearth, and the temperature distribution in the refractories; and (c), Titania injection to form Ti(C,N)‐rich scaffolds on the hearth refractory surface, to protect the hearth from erosion.     

Numerical Simulation of Fluid Flow in Blast Furnace Hearth

SymbolList C———Coefficient,1inthepackedbedand0inother place; C1,C2,Cμ,σκ,σε———Empiricalconstant; d———Diameterofcokeparticle; H———Heightofpackedbed,m; P———Pressure,Pa; ui,uj———Velocityalongdirectioni,jrespectively,m·s-1; vA———Vel     

红外成像系统在2号高炉的应用

介绍了梅钢2号高炉红外成像监控系统的特点及硬件、软件配置,并详细讲解了系统功能及使用方法。     

高炉炉缸铁水流场数值模拟

铁水环流是造成炉缸＂蒜头状＂侵蚀的主要原因,而导致铁水环流行程主要是由于炉缸内的死料柱引起的。为此,以流体力学有关理论为基础,建立了炉缸炉底三维流体数学模型,应用FLUENT软件,研究了高炉炉缸中不同死料柱位置、状态及出铁口尺寸对炉缸内铁水流动的影响。结果表明：死料柱有较小的浮起时造成炉底铁水流量较大对炉底产生较强的侵蚀。当中心死料柱尺寸大时自由铁水区的铁水流速较快,反之较慢。当出铁口直径增大时,铁水的质量流量增大,炉缸底部的铁水环流明显增大。     

Numerical Prediction of Iron Flow and Bottom Erosion in the Blast Furnace Hearth

The blast furnace (BF) campaign life, which is limited by the hearth erosion, will be decisive for the process to maintain its dominance in ore‐based iron production, so timely prediction of the hearth erosion and proper measures to protect the hearth are important issues. The erosion at the hearth bottom has not received much attention, even though the region is believed to be the most vulnerable part of the hearth. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model has been developed to deepen the understanding of iron flow and refractory erosion at the bottom of the hearth. Key boundary and internal conditions, such as slag–iron interface and dead man state, are provided by a BF drainage model which reproduces the tapping process. Simulations with the CFD model illustrate how different factors affect the flow pattern, hearth erosion profile, and bottom breakage ratio. It is shown that the dead man state plays an important role for the flow behavior and erosion conditions in the hearth. The model is demonstrated to predict two erosion types that are commonly encountered in practice.     

Critical Heat Flux of Blast Furnace Hearth in China

The critical heat flux surveys of thirteen Chinese blast furnaces were carried out.The mathematical model of hearth bottom was established and the temperature field was simulated by utilizing the method of inverse problem based on the collected parameters and temperature data.The critical heat flux and dangerous critical heat flux of hearth were defined and analyzed as well as the initial and investigative critical heat flux of hearth,and the influences of thermal conductivity and residual thickness of carbon bricks on critical heat flux were discussed.The relationships between critical heat flux of stave and hearth bricks were also compared.It is found that the dangerous critical heat flux of these blast furnaces ranged from 9.38 to 57kW/m2.Therefore,there was no uniform critical heat flux of hearth due to the structure design,refractory materials selection,construction quality of hearth and other factors.The heat flux should be lower than the critical heat flux with corresponding thickness of carbon bricks to control the erosion of hearth.The critical heat flux of stave would be much lower than that of hearth bricks with the air gap.However,the critical heat flux of stave should be higher than that of hearth bricks when gas existed between furnace shell and staves.     

萍乡安钢4号高炉钒钛矿护炉冶炼实践

根据钒钛矿的冶金性能,结合萍乡方大钢铁有限公司安钢4号高炉的生产特点和钒钛矿冶炼对高炉炉墙、炉缸、炉底的维护作用,总结了4号高炉护炉期间高炉的操作注意事项和护炉效果。     

方大特钢4号高炉风口喂线护炉技术应用

介绍了方大特钢科技股份有限公司在4号高炉风口喂含钛包芯线护炉的试验及生产应用过程。该技术所使用的设备结构简单、操作方便,不影响炉况顺行,并能根据生产需要随时投入运行,可实现快速、定向修补炉缸异常侵蚀部位。风口喂线对炉缸局部侵蚀的修复效果比单一的添加含钛矿护炉的效果要好;该技术若与含钛矿联合护炉并控制铁水中钛的质量分数为0.10%~0.20%,护炉效果更佳。     

宝钢3号高炉冷却壁的热负荷测定研究

根据宝钢３号高炉（３ＢＦ）冷却壁纯水密闭循环系统的特点,采用超声波测量仪一冷却的水流量,用数字测温仪和红外是温仪测量冷却水的温差,取得了大量的冷却壁热负荷数据。对３ＢＦ各段冷却壁的热负荷分布进行了分析,并研究了冷却壁破损原因及对策,为３ＢＦ却壁热负荷的管理和降低燃料比提供了科学依据。