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1混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀的原因钢筋混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀是一个电化学过程,腐蚀的原因有内因和外因.内因:钢筋本身的不均匀性,如成分不均匀、钝化膜不连续、受应力作用不同等.外因:环境因素,如混凝土的物理化学性质不均匀性,介质中含氧、水、二氧化碳、各种盐类及不同pH等会在钢筋表面不同部位形成电位差;混凝土作为介质能在电位不同... 相似文献
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The applicability and efficiency of an alternative for impressed current cathodic protection (CP) for reinforced concrete, based on pulse technology, was investigated. The technique, denoted as pulse CP (pCP), was evaluated on the basis of a comparative analysis to reference (non-corroding), corroding, and conventional CP conditions, in terms of long-term monitoring of electrochemical parameters for the embedded steel with time of corrosion and protection. The hereby reported results are for the total duration of the experiment, i.e., 460 days of conditioning, also presented in comparison with earlier stages. Protection was applied after corrosion was initiated (using corrosion medium of 5% NaCl), at different time intervals (here reported are starting points 60 and 150 days of age). Both CP regimes used current density of 5 or 20 mA/m2 steel surface. The pulse CP was applied as a pulse-shaped block current (square wave) with the current itself being the feedback control signal, using 12.5–50% duty cycle at 500 Hz to 1 kHz frequency. Under equal environmental conditions and for a comparatively long period of application, the pulse CP was found to perform as effectively as the conventional CP with regard to electrochemical behavior of the steel reinforcement. Furthermore, the pulse CP technique was found to achieve more rapidly the so called “open circuit potential (OCP) passivity” as a result of an enhanced ion transport (chloride withdrawal) and more favorable cement chemistry (increased alkalinity around the steel reinforcement). 相似文献
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钢筋混凝土结构的腐蚀是全世界建筑业面临的挑战之一。现在看来,显然所有海洋环境中的构筑物在其寿命期内都会遭受到氯化物的腐蚀导致的劣化。为了实现对既有结构的长期修复和提高新建结构的耐腐蚀性能,至关重要的是要充分认识钢筋腐蚀的机理,也必须了解最新的技术可用于修复既有的结构和对新建的结构防腐蚀。本文将重点介绍劣化的主要原因和预防钢筋混凝土结构腐蚀,保护及防护的最新技术。 相似文献
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目的 提高现有牺牲阳极阴极保护技术的效果,采用活性阳极包覆砂浆,制备一种埋入式牺牲阳极,并研究其应用特性。方法 采用二电极法测试阳极包覆砂浆的电阻率,通过加速试验、SEM-EDS分析锌腐蚀产物的迁移状况,采取自耦合试验测定埋入式牺牲阳极下钢筋的电位等参数;在此基础上,研究埋入式牺牲阳极的特性及其阴极保护范围。结果 活性阳极包覆砂浆的电阻率仅为18.48 Ω.m。闭路电位、瞬间断电电位测试显示钢筋的稳定保护电位为−400~ −440 mV,断电电位为−218 mV,满足NACE标准对衰减电位的最低要求(200 mV)。电流密度结果表明,埋入式阳极可提供的保护电流密度为6.1~7.7 mA/m2,符合EN 12696要求。通过网格法测量的结果显示,在钢筋密度比为0.20,以及高腐蚀环境条件下,埋入式牺牲阳极的最大有效保护距离可达到700 mm。SEM-EDS分析结果表明,锌阳极发生反应,生成了可溶性锌酸盐(ZnO22−),且会由锌阳极表面向砂浆内部迁移,最终逐渐分散到砂浆孔隙中,可有效解决因锌阳极表面腐蚀产物聚集而影响活性的问题,并消除腐蚀产物体积增大造成的膨胀应力。工程应用结果表明,各测试点钢筋的保护电位均负于−400 mV,满足保护要求。结论 埋入式牺牲阳极对钢筋有较好的保护效果,能够保持电位、电流输出稳定,不会影响阳极的活性,也不会给混凝土结构带来膨胀应力。 相似文献
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Cathodic protection (CP) is an electrochemical repair or corrosion prevention technique for steel structures exposed to a corrosive environment. For reinforced concrete (RC) usually impressed current CP is used, due to the comparably high resistivity of the concrete, serving as electrolyte. Nevertheless, the market provides a wide range of galvanic anode systems for RC structures. Their most common use is the application within the framework of partial concrete replacement due to chloride-induced corrosion. This patch repair is often accompanied by the so-called anode ring effect, causing accelerated corrosion of the rebar in the substrate concrete in the vicinity of repair patches. This is caused by the cathodic capabilities of the repassivated rebar. Galvanic anodes are reported to prevent this effect. In this paper, a numerical model is proposed, which is capable of determining the effectiveness of the method dependent on, for example, the type and quantity of anodes, rebar content, and geometry or climatic conditions. The method is presented for a specific set of input parameters and the applicability is discussed against the background of different protection criteria. 相似文献
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Stainless steel reinforcing bars show excellent corrosion resistance in concrete structures exposed to harsh environments. Only a little information on the surface chemistry of these materials in alkaline media is available. This study reports the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analytical results (thickness, composition of the passive film and of the interface beneath the film) obtained on black steel, FeCr alloys, DIN 1.4301, DIN 1.4462 and the nickel-free DIN 1.4456 after exposure to alkaline solutions simulating concrete. The pitting potentials of the steels could be related to the Cr(III)oxy-hydroxide and Mo(VI) content in the passive film. Ccrit, the critical chloride content for corrosion initiation in concrete, necessary for life-time predictions, can be determined only with time-consuming tests, especially for high-alloyed stainless steel. This study reports a correlation between Ccrit in concrete (made with CEM II-A/LL and CEM I) and the pitting potential for carbon steel, Fe12%Cr alloy, DIN 1.4301, and DIN 1.4571 stainless steels. This could allow, for the first time, a quantitative estimation of Ccrit for stainless steel in concrete based on short-term solution tests. 相似文献
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采用热分解法制备了IrTa-X混合金属氧化物（MMO）涂层钛阳极。通过极化曲线研究了钛阳极的电化学性能,用SEM观察了涂层形貌,研究了阳极寿命与涂层厚度和电流密度之间的关系,并与国外阳极试样的寿命做了一对比。结果表明,所研制的涂层钛阳极具有良好的电化学性能和较长的使用寿命,是钢筋混凝土结构外加电流阴极保护中比较理想的辅助阳极。 相似文献
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简述钢筋混凝土结构阴极保护多功能电源装置的工作原理,提供了试验样机的主要技术指标和在工程现场试验时获取的数据,并分析了某些试验结果 相似文献
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Although the complex changes at the steel–concrete interface due to cathodic polarisation are widely acknowledged to have a beneficial influence concerning the cathodic protection (CP) of steel in concrete, some questions concerning the repassivation of carbon steel in consequence of cathodic polarisation are still not satisfactorily clarified. In the recent literature, some indications are presented that repassivation occurs after a certain time of polarisation. Therefore, the investigations discussed in this paper aim to clarify, to what extent the re-passivation of carbon steel due to cathodic polarisation occurs, and if the ennoblement of OCP is a sufficient indication for repassivation. In a first step, the corrosion state of five nominal equal test specimens was determined by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). After determining the initial corrosion state by evaluating the charge transfer resistance and the polarisation resistance, respectively, the specimens were polarised cathodically. Impedance data were recorded before, during and after polarisation. The impedance data were evaluated by equivalent circuit fitting with special attention to charge transfer resistances and the impact of diffusion on the corrosion and polarisation behaviour. The results indicate that the reduction of oxides and oxygen diffusion during cathodic polarisation has strong impact on the systems behaviour and that repassivation effects occur after switching off the polarisation current and during depolarisation, respectively. 相似文献
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阴极保护—氯盐污染海工混凝土的最佳长效维修解决方案 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
混凝土结构劣化问题如今已成为建筑业面临的最严重的问题和巨大的挑战之一。在过去的30年里,对于遭受氯盐污染的混凝土码头结构,通常采用传统的＂打补丁＂法维修,即移除爆裂的混凝土,然后用维修砂浆回填。但是对于这些维修过的结构来说,难以得到长期的维修效果。通常在维修后短短几年内,维修过的部位周围又重新需要维修。阴极保护是一种电化学技术,利用直流电流来中止混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀进程。阴极保护方法已经被证明为氯盐污染的结构的最有效、技术上可行的长效修复解决方案。本文将重点介绍钢筋混凝土结构劣化的原因以及修复这些结构的最新方法。 相似文献
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A wide range of parameters was investigated by numerical calculations concerning their impact on DC stray current corrosion of reinforced concrete (RC) structures. A simplified model geometry was used to extract the relevant parameters and their interaction in terms of stray current-affected structures. This study mainly focuses on RC structures that are fitted with cathodic protection installations. The findings reveal a complex interaction between the investigated parameters. The possible relevance of further parameters, which is not the subject of this study, was emphasised. 相似文献
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Characterisation of calcareous deposits on freely corroding low carbon steel in artificial sea water
《腐蚀工程科学与技术》2013,48(5):611-617
AbstractCalcareous deposits were formed on steel under cathodic protection conditions in artificial sea water at various potentials from ?0·900 to ?1·400 V(SCE). The deposition calcareous layers were characterised by electrochemical impedance spectroscopies, scanning electron microscopy observations and X-ray diffraction analyses. At 20°C, the deposits were composed of calcite CaCO3 when formed at various potentials in solution 1, of brucite Mg(OH)2 and aragonite CaCO3 when formed at potentials from ?0·900 to ?1·200 V(SCE) and only of brucite when formed at potentials E??1·300 V(SCE) in solution 2. Magnesium seems to influence the corrosion behaviour of freely corroding steel by causing calcium carbonate to precipitate as aragonite. Aragonite is more effective in covering the surface than calcite and is therefore more functional in preventing oxygen from reaching the steel surface, thereby lowering the corrosion rate. 相似文献
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O.A. Fouad R.A. GeioushyS.M. El-Sheikh M.H. KhedrI.A. Ibrahim 《Journal of Alloys and Compounds》2011,509(20):6090-6095
Ti-O, Ti-O-C and Ti-O-C-N thin films have been synthesized successfully via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique. Tetrabutyl orthotitanate (TBOT) is used as a precursor in presence of Ar, H2, and N2 as process gases. By controlling deposition temperature and type of process gases, it was possible to control the composition of the deposited films. The deposited films are composed mainly of Ti and O when H2 is used as a process gas in the temperature range 350-500 °C. As the temperature increased up to 600 °C, thin films containing anatase (TiO2) and titanium carbide (TiC) phases are deposited and confirmed by XRD and EDX analyses. As the temperature increased to 750 °C, a transformation from anatase to rutile phase (TiO2) is started and clearly observed from XRD patterns. Titanium nitride (Ti2N and TiN) phase in addition to TiO2 and TiC phases are formed at 600-1000 °C in presence of nitrogen as a process gas. SEM images for all investigated film samples showed that the films are deposited mainly in the form of spherical particles ranged from few nano- to micrometer in size with some additional special features regardless the type of the process gas. Films containing carbon and nitrogen show higher hardness than that containing only oxygen. The obtained results may help in better understanding and controlling film composition and its phase formation in Ti-O-C-N system by MOCVD technique. 相似文献