Characteristics of critical solid-liquid separation and its effect on the performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor treating municipal sludge

Solid-liquid separation and its type greatly affected the stability and performance of an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR) for municipal sludge digestion. Flotation thickening occurred in the mesophilic ASBR, while solid-liquid separation in the thermophilic ASBR followed gravity thickening. Hydraulic retention times (HRT) and cycle period as well as type of thickening were key parameters governing sludge thickenability and critical solids accumulation. Thickened sludge bed volume was a critical operating variable in the ASBR with gravity thickening, which had poor performance because of the loss of thickened solids, and sludge interface disruption or instability of sludge bed due to internal gas evolution. A cyclic mutual effect between thickened volume and gas production was serious in gravity thickening, whereas it was insignificant in flotation thickening.     

无机调理剂与表面活性剂联合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响

研究了CaO、PAFC联合表面活性剂预处理对污泥脱水性能的影响。以污泥滤饼含水率和比阻（SRF）作为评价污泥脱水性能的指标,通过测定污泥调理过程中胞外聚合物（EPS）含量、Zeta电位的变化来阐明污泥脱水性能的变化。实验结果表明,十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵（1227）的加入导致上清液中EPS含量发生变化,有效降低了SRF和滤饼含水率,提高污泥脱水性能。CaO、PAFC和表面活性剂的联合调理污泥比单独使用表面活性剂的效果更好,CaO、PAFC的投加不仅改善污泥脱水性能,并有助于减少表面活性剂的用量。污泥上清液中EPS及其各组分含量与污泥滤饼含水率、SRF均有较高的相关性,对污泥的脱水性能有重要贡献。实验中确定的最佳污泥调理条件是CaO投加量为66.67 mg·（g DS）^-1、PAFC投加量为33.33 mg·（g DS）^-1和表面活性剂投加量为56.25 mg·（g DS）^-1,污泥滤饼含水率和SRF分别降至69.41%、0.294×10¹³ m·kg^-1。     

A Study for Development of Real-Scale Thermal Filter Press Dewatering (TFPD)

Real-scale thermal filter press dewatering equipment (plate size: 630 mm × 630 mm) was installed and operated at a waterworks for one year in an attempt to achieve sludge reduction. During the period, the dewaterability was evaluated according to the seasonal sludge properties in order to compare the dewaterability of thermal dewatering and mechanical dewatering, as well as to determine the economics of thermal dewatering. According to the results, the winter season sludge showed a 36% decrease in water content and a two-thirds reduction in dewatering velocity compared to the summertime sludge. In addition, the dewatered cakes of the thermal filter press dewatering equipment showed a lower specific cake resistance and water content in the dewatered cakes than the mechanical filter press dewatering equipment, indicating superior dewaterability. This was attributed to the easier removal of the filtrate remaining in the capillary tubes due to thermal dewatering. The energy consumption for thermal dewatering was 300 kJ/dry solids (DS) kg. A comparison of the sludge dryers indicated that it is possible to produce dewatered cakes that consume less energy and can be recycled. According to the performance evaluation results, the real-scale thermal filter press dewatering equipment had high adaptability to the changes in seasonal sludge, showing excellent dewaterability compared to the mechanical filter press dewatering equipment, and was economical due to the lower energy consumption.     

Thermal Dewatering (TDW) to Reduce the Water Content of Sludge

Thermal dewatering describes the process whereby a heating plate and heat supply unit are incorporated into a filter press system to improve separation of water from sludge. The performance of our thermal dewatering system for both wastewater and waterworks sludge was measured and compared with mechanical dewatering in terms of water content, dewatering velocity, cake specific resistance, and energy consumption. Dewatering velocity was improved by a factor of two, cake water content was lower, and specific cake resistance was improved. However, energy consumption was higher. Thermal dewatering systems may be economical and have practical application to improving dewaterability.     

超声能量密度对污泥脱水性能的影响

<正>引言近年来,生物法在城市污水处理中得到广泛的应用,然而在处理过程中产生了大量的污泥,污泥中含有50%～70%的有机物和较多的氮、磷等营养成分以及致病菌、寄生虫卵等有害物质。其化学     

Structural Analysis and Dewatering Characteristics of Waste Sludge from WWTP MBR

Abstract

A pilot‐scale UF membrane bioreactor (MBR) of 1 m³/day capacity was set up in an industrial wastewater treatment plant to evaluate its performance. This study mainly focused on testing the dewaterability and structural analysis of MBR sludge. MBR had 14% reduction of excess sludge production in relative to the conventional activated sludge process (CAS sludge). For dewatering, MBR sludge had comparable dewaterability with the CAS sludge but required nearly 20% less flocculant to reach the highest filterability χ and lowest specific filtration resistance (SRF). This could reduce the cost for running the dewatering facilities and final disposal. Meanwhile the chemical and morphological analyses on MBR sludge exhibited lower EPS (exocellular polymeric substances) content, slightly smaller flocs and more compact morphology. Additionally, to estimate the appropriate polyelectrolyte dose prior to dewatering, we measured the hysteresis loop area of the sludge rheogram (shear stress vs. shear rate) using a co‐axial cylinder viscometer. For both sludges, the area dramatically increased at some critical flocculant dosage and then plateaued off. The critical dosage, though not optimal, still led to an acceptable dewatering performance for the sludge.     

Enhancement of biological fermented sludge dewaterability by inoculation of filamentous fungi Mucor circinelloides XY-Z and Penicillium oxalicum LY-1

Abstract

The two filamentous fungi of Mucor circinelloides XY-Z and Penicillium oxalicum LY-1 isolated from citric acid wastewater sludge collectively enhanced sludge dewaterability by 85.83% to achieve the lowest value of normalized sludge specific resistance (SRF) to 6.8?×?10¹¹ m·L/kg·g-TSS. The results showed that 75.77% of slime extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), 42.99% of protein in slime EPS and 60.27% of polysaccharide in LB-EPS were degraded during activated sludge treatment by the two mixed fungi of Mucor circinelloides XY-Z and Penicillium oxalicum LY-1, contributing to the conversion of 64.61% of bound water wrapped in EPS into free water, thereby improving activated sludge dewaterability.     

Conditioning and Dewatering of Phosphorus-Rich Biological Sludge

The conditioning and dewatering of phosphorus-rich biological sludge, obtained from a pilot-scale biological phosphorus removal plant, was investigated. Dual conditioning utilizing a polyampholyte (AC4601) in combination with aluminum chloride (AlCl₃), ferric chloride (FeCl₃), and calcium chloride (CaCl₂) was studied. Capillary suction time (CST) and specific resistance to filtration (SRF) were utilized to assess sludge dewaterability. The dewaterability and removal of dissolved phosphorus from the phosphorus-rich sludge were examined. Compared with conditioning with only AC 4601, dual conditioning by adding 49 kg/ton of AlCl₃ prior to addition of AC4601 resulted in formation of large flocs, better dewaterability, and removal of 50% of soluble phosphorus. Better dewaterability, even larger flocs (> 1 cm), and 75% removal of soluble phosphorus were found when dosage of AlCl₃ increased to 189.2 kg/ton. The use of alumina (Al₂O₃) in combination with AC4601 could achieve equivalent dewaterability. However, only insignificant removal of soluble phosphorus (ca. 10%) was found. Sludge conditioning utilizing FeCl₃ and AC4601 was also very effective. A higher dosage of AC4601 was required and insignificant removal of soluble phosphorus was found when CaCl₂ was used in combination with AC4601. The interactions between hydrolyzed species of trivalent metal ions and polyampholyte contributed to enhanced dewaterability. Precipitates acted as skeleton builder and assisted in dewaterability as well. In addition, the removal of phosphorus was due to its precipitation reactions with metal ions. This study demonstrated an alternative way to condition phosphorus-rich sludge that could control the release of phosphorus from sludge to aqueous phase under anaerobic environment and achieve enhanced dewaterability simultaneously.     

转炉除尘循环水系统的治理

介绍了本溪钢铁公司转炉除尘循环水系统治理改造的情况，包括工艺流 程，沉积，污泥浓缩等以及改造后的效果和经济效益。     

Improved Sludge Dewaterability for Sequential Ozonation – Aerobic Treatment

Chemical treatment processes such as ozonation have mostly been considered as an efficient way for bio-solids minimization. The improvement of sludge dewatering was more a welcoming side-effect in these sequential processes. However, sometimes the loaded ozone dose to the sludge has a negative effect on dewaterability. This work address the most important issue found — the effect of ozone on sludge dewaterability in a single ozonation processes as well as in a sequential ozonation biological processes. It was found that the maximum sludge dewaterability was achieved with an ozone dose of 0.05 gO₃/gTSS. This value was found to be less than the required ozone dosage that leads to sludge disintegration. However, it was observed that the sequential ozone and aerobic treatment allows further strong improvement of dewatering efficiencies.     

酸及磁化处理对污泥沉降与脱水性能影响研究

研究酸处理及磁化对污水处理厂活性污泥沉降性能的影响。通过对不同pH值下污泥沉降性能曲线的分析、微观照片的观察、离心脱水性能的考察,得出pH值为4时污泥沉降性能最佳、2000r/min下10min的离心效果最好;比较两组不同MLSS污泥在不同磁感应强度、不同磁场位型下污泥沉降曲线和磁化前后的颗粒微观照片,得出磁场的确能够改善污泥的沉降性能。     

Operational Conditions of Activated Sludge: Influence on Flocculation and Dewaterability

Selected operational conditions of activated sludge are investigated in relation to their effect on flocculation and dewatering. Semi-continuous reactors with 2 -L volume were operated at different mean cell residence times, C/N ratios, and three different influent cations. Results show that MCRT, C/N ratio, and the cation type affect the bioflocculation capacity of activated sludge measured by the quantity of extracellular polymeric substances. As the MCRT value operated in the reactors and the C/N ratio of the influent wastewater increase, total amount of polymers produced increases. High MCRT values and low C/N values cause good dewatering of the sludge. All cations are shown to stimulate the EPS production in a way that the highest total EPS concentrations are observed at the highest cation dosages. The dewaterability of the sludges improves only with increasing calcium and magnesium concentrations and deteriorates with increasing potassium concentration.     

Operational Conditions of Activated Sludge: Influence on Flocculation and Dewaterability

Selected operational conditions of activated sludge are investigated in relation to their effect on flocculation and dewatering. Semi-continuous reactors with 2 -L volume were operated at different mean cell residence times, C/N ratios, and three different influent cations. Results show that MCRT, C/N ratio, and the cation type affect the bioflocculation capacity of activated sludge measured by the quantity of extracellular polymeric substances. As the MCRT value operated in the reactors and the C/N ratio of the influent wastewater increase, total amount of polymers produced increases. High MCRT values and low C/N values cause good dewatering of the sludge. All cations are shown to stimulate the EPS production in a way that the highest total EPS concentrations are observed at the highest cation dosages. The dewaterability of the sludges improves only with increasing calcium and magnesium concentrations and deteriorates with increasing potassium concentration.     

Enhancing dewaterability of sewage sludge by the application of tween-20 during bioleaching: Performance evaluation and mechanistic study

Dewatering is recognized as an important method for treating sewage sludge before its disposal. In this paper, the nonionic surfactant Tween-20 was used for the first time to improve the dewaterability of sewage sludge during bioleaching. The specific resistance to filtration (SRF), water content (WC) and bound water content (BW) of the sludge cake were used to evaluate sludge dewaterability. The results indicated that a 1?g/L Tween-20 dosage with an inoculum ratio of 20%, a S⁰ dosage of 2?g/L and a FeSO₄?·?7H₂O dosage of 10?g/L provided oxidation efficiencies up to 100% for Fe²⁺ and 65.8% for S⁰. The SRF of the bioleached sludge decreased to as low as 0.81?×?10¹²?m/kg from the initial 12.6?×?10¹²?m/kg for raw sludge. A WC of 47.16% was achieved while 48.1% of BW was released during bioleaching. The results from this study indicate that adding of an appropriate amount of Tween-20 to sewage sludge is a promising method to enhance dewaterability by bioleaching.     

超声波或生石灰单独及联合作用对污泥脱水性能的影响

研究了超声处理时间和生石灰添加量对污泥脱水性能的影响。超声波单独对污泥进行处理时,超声3 min后污泥的沉降性能最好。但是污泥经超声波处理后又能释放大量的胞外聚合物,增加污泥离心出水的COD,使出水水质变差。CaO对污泥单独处理时,采用10‰的投加量可以显著改善污泥的脱水性能。超声波和CaO对污泥联合处理时,以1 min的超声波处理时间和6‰的CaO投加量为最优条件,在保证污泥离心脱水效率的前提下,不仅减少了CaO的投加量,还能降低污泥离心出水的COD,改善出水水质。     

城市污水处理的新型脱水设备--转筒浓缩带式压榨过滤机

通过对转筒浓缩带式压榨过滤机和传统的带式压榨过滤机进行介绍、分析、比较，阐明转筒浓缩带式压榨过滤机技术指标先进，更适合于处理经生物反应生成的活性污泥是城市污水处理厂首选的新型污泥脱水设备，有着广阔的应用前景。     

Effects of Acidification on Dewaterability and Aluminum Concentration of Alum Sludge

This study utilizes the Terzaghi-Voigt model to characterize the effects of acidification on the dewaterability of alum sludge. Alum sludge, which was obtained from the sedimentation basins of a water treatment plant using poly aluminum chloride as coagulant, was acidified to different pH levels with sulfuric acid. The dewaterability of the acidified sludge was characterized by expression tests. The results show dewaterability enhancement was insignificant until pH was below 4. Further improvement in dewaterability can be achieved by polymer conditioning. The Terzaghi-Voigt model can be applied to explain the difference in dewaterability between acidified and original sludges. Results also show dissolved aluminum concentrations were controlled by minerals in the influent rather than amorphous aluminum hydroxide.     

不同絮凝剂对剩余污泥水解和脱水特性的影响

研究了无机和有机絮凝剂对剩余污泥水解和脱水性能的影响。分别投加浓度为20g/L的CaO和CPAM（阳离子型聚丙烯酰胺）调节剩余污泥,溶出的有机质规律如下：溶解性COD（SCOD）的溶出量表现为CPAM>CaO>空白;溶解性蛋白质（SPN）的溶出量表现为CPAM>CaO>空白;溶解性碳水化合物（SPS）的溶出量表现为CaO>CPAM>空白。污泥的脱水性能指标——比阻（SRF）和滤饼含固率的变化分别为：SRF表现为CPAMCaO>空白。从SPN、SPS和SCOD的溶出量、比阻和滤饼含固率的变化说明：加入CaO和CPAM都能改善剩余污泥的水解和污泥脱水性能。     

餐厨垃圾和厨余垃圾厌氧消化产生沼渣的脱水性能分析

以餐厨垃圾和厨余垃圾为原料进行中温厌氧消化反应,采用含固率(TS)、离心脱水后含固率(CTS)、模化毛细吸水时间(NCST)、过滤比阻(SRF)以及结合水含量(BW)为脱水性能评价指标,研究不同厌氧消化阶段产生沼渣的脱水性能。研究发现:沼渣TS变化范围为3.0%～9.9%,CTS为10.9%～31.0%,NCST为50.8～163.7 s·L·(g TS)^-1,SRF为2.1×10¹³ ～13.8×10¹³ m·kg^-1,BW为2.3～15.1 g·(g TS)^-1。厌氧反应器的累计甲烷产量始终是餐厨垃圾高于厨余垃圾,前者最高可达381 ml·(g VS_added)^-1,而后者仅为280 ml·(g VS_added)^-1;沼渣的脱水性能主要受厌氧消化时间的影响。同时,以餐厨垃圾为原料的沼渣可以达到的脱水程度较高,而以厨余垃圾为原料的沼渣的脱水速率较快;沼渣TS与NCST、SRF和BW脱水指标的两两间相关性显著,而与CTS没有明显相关性。     

Optimization Study of Municipal Sludge Conditioning,Filtering, and Expressing Dewatering by Partial Least Squares Regression

The effect of different conditioner doses and different applied pressures on the dewaterability of municipal sludge during the filtration and expression stage was assessed using a series of experiments referred to as a uniform design. The relative importance of conditioner dose and applied pressure on the dewatering characteristics of municipal sludge was evaluated with a quadratic model using partial least squares (PLS) regression analysis. It was shown that the developed quadratic model was able to accurately predict the dewatering characteristics during the whole process. It was further shown that lime as a physical conditioner had the most significant impact on filtration rate, expression rate, cake dry solids content, net sludge solids yield, and total cycle time. Aluminum polychloride as the inorganic flocculant had a quite complex effect although not as significant as lime. Filtration pressure had only a slight effect on dewaterability of the municipal sludge, though higher feeding pressure was needed in order to enhance the total feeding amount. Furthermore, expression pressure was only of benefit to cake dry solids content and expression rate and failed to improve other dewatering characteristics of the municipal sludge.