共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Cultivars of hop, Humulus lupulus L., are of economic importance for breweries, since hop cones contain a resinous fraction, responsible for the bitter taste of beer, and a volatile fraction, which contributes to its flavour. Till now research on the presence of volatile compounds in the leaves of hop plants has not been reported. Dried leaves of ten cultivars were submitted to hydrodistillation, using the apparatus described in the European Pharmacopoeia. A trap of pentane was necessary to detect and to take up the oils, because hop leaves contain volatile compounds to a much lesser extent than hop cones (<0.05%). The oils were analysed by GC and GC–MS. Of the many components detected 36 were identified, among which were eleven alkanes. In all oil samples sesquiterpene hydrocarbons clearly predominated; α-humulene (3-23%) and β-caryophyllene (5-29%) were the main components. β-Myrcene, one of the main components of the essential oils from the cones of the same cultivars, was found in the leaf oils in a concentration of 1% or less. 相似文献
3.
Susana Figueroa‐Lozano Rivca L. Valk‐Weeber Sander S. van Leeuwen Lubbert Dijkhuizen Paul de Vos 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2018,62(2)
1 Scope
Bovine lactoferrin (bLF) is an ingredient of food supplements and infant formulas given its antimicrobial and antiviral properties. We modified bLF enzymatically to alter its N‐glycosylation and to isolate the glycan chains. The aims of this study include (1) to evaluate whether such derivates induce responses via pattern recognition receptors namely Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and (2) to relate those responses to their different glycosylation profiles.2 Methods and results
The unmodified and modified bLF fractions are incubated with reporter cell lines expressing pattern recognition receptors. Afterwards, we screen for TLRs and analyze for nuclear factor kappa—light‐chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB) activation. Activation of reporter cell lines show that signaling is highly dependent on TLRs. The activation pattern of bLF is reduced with the desialylated form and increased with the demannosylated form. In reporter cells for TLR, bLF activate TLR‐4 and inhibit TLR‐3. The isolated glycans from bLF inhibit TLR‐8. TLR‐2, TLR‐5, TLR‐7, and TLR‐9 are not significantly altered.3 Conclusion
The profile of glycosylation is key for the biological activity of bLF. By understanding how this affects the human defense responses, the bLF glycan profile can be modified to enhance its immunomodulatory effects when used as a dietary ingredient. 相似文献4.
S. T. Katsiotis C. R. Langezaal J. J. C. Scheffer R. Verpoorte 《Flavour and Fragrance Journal》1989,4(4):187-191
Cultivars of the hop (Humulus lupulus L.) are of great interest for breweries. The lupulin glands of the hop cones contain a resinous fraction and an essential oil which are responsible for the bitter taste of beer and contribute to the flavour of it, respectively. The essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from cones of ten hop cultivars were analysed by chromatographic methods. Two oils contained α-humulene as main component (ca 40%), in seven oils β-myrcene (42–58%) clearly predominated, and in one oil almost equal amounts of β-myrcene (25%) and α-humulene (27%) were present. The percentages of the quantitatively most important components of the oils are presented, while the composition of the oil of the cultivar ‘Hallertau mittelfruh’ is given in more detail. 相似文献
5.
Chan Young Park Eunyong Choi Hee‐Jin Yang Seong Hyun Ho Su‐Jin Park Ki‐Moon Park Seon‐Hee Kim 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(7):3738-3749
Artemisia annua L. is an annual herb belonging to the Asteraceae family. It is commonly grown in parts of Asia, including Korea and China, and is called by its nickname Gae‐ddong‐ssuk, or Chung‐ho. The herb is well known for its positive effects on fever and hemostasis, as well as its antibiotic effects. To evaluate the protective properties of A. annua L. on the liver, an acute liver failure animal model was set up with intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D‐galactosamine (D‐galN) in C57BL/6J mice, showing increased levels of AST (aspartate transaminase) and ALT (alanine transaminase). Oral administration of the extract of A. annua L. (EAA) for 2 weeks reduced the level of AST and ALT up to 50% of the levels in the negative control group treated with water vehicle. The efficacy of EAA was more effective than that in a comparative positive control group treated with milk thistle extract. Moreover, EAA protected hepatic cells and tissues from oxidative stresses and inflammatory damages, showing downregulation of inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α). We also found that LPS stimulated the mouse macrophage cell line, Raw264.7, and secreted a tremendous level of proinflammatory cytokines and the secretion of these cytokines was reduced with EAA treatment via downregulation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation and p65 translocation. This study demonstrated that A. annua L. extract is a promising treatment for protection against and recovery from liver damage, as well as maintenance of liver health. 相似文献
6.
Leonie E. C. van Meijl Herman E. Popeijus Ronald P. Mensink 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2010,54(11):1568-1573
Hepatic insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokine production contribute to the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. As amino acids have been implicated in modulating insulin signaling and inflammation, we have investigated the effects of glutamine, leucine and proline on markers of inflammation and insulin sensitivity in HepG2 liver cells. Cells were incubated with IL‐1β (5 ng/mL) to stimulate IL‐8 production. After 24 h, glutamine inhibited IL‐8 production significantly (p<0.05) at 2, 5 and 10 mM (to 82, 73 and 72% of control), whereas leucine reduced IL‐8 production significantly only at 10 mM (66%) and proline at 5 and 10 mM (71 and 52%). Glutamine, leucine and proline all reduced NF‐κB activity after 3 h of IL‐1β stimulation at 2, 5 and 10 mM (p<0.001). Insulin‐induced (1 nM) Akt phosphorylation was reduced in cells treated with tumour necrosis factor‐α (10 ng/mL) for 24 h, but was partly restored by simultaneous incubation with glutamine, leucine and proline (25 mM). Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase‐3β was unaffected by insulin stimulation and amino acid treatment. Our results indicate that glutamine, leucine and proline attenuate IL‐8 production, probably through inhibition of NF‐κB, and that they increase Akt phosphorylation in HepG2 cells. 相似文献
7.
Number and size of lupulin glands,glandular trichomes of hop (Humulus lupulus L.), play a key role in contents of bitter acids and polyphenols in hop cone 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Josef Patzak Karel Krofta Alena Henychová Vladimír Nesvadba 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2015,50(8):1864-1872
Hop (Humulus lupulus L.) inflorescence, commonly known as ‘hop cone’, is valuable for contents of bitter acids, essential oils and polyphenols, used in brewing industry and biomedical application. These compounds are predominantly formed in glandular trichomes, known as ‘lupulin glands’. In this study, we investigated chemical and morphological characteristics of lupulin glands by microscopy and HPLC analyses. Even though no significant correlations were found between lupulin glands and hop cones for contents of alpha and beta bitter acids, polyphenols, all ratios between individual metabolites (alpha/beta acids, X/alpha acids, X/DMX) were highly and significantly correlated. The average number of lupulin glands on bract/bracteole ranged from 115 to 713 with 28.5% of variability. Linear regression analyses confirmed that total volume of lupulin glands and total lupulin glands area on bract/bracteole surface highly correlated with contents of bitter acids and polyphenols in hop cone. Therefore, lupulin glands are unique and exclusive organs responsible for contents of bitter acids and polyphenols in hop cone. 相似文献
8.
Hong Jun Shao Jin Boo Jeong Kui‐Jin Kim Seong‐Ho Lee 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2015,95(12):2482-2486
9.
10.
Jodee L. Johnson Elvira Gonzalez de Mejia 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2013,57(12):2112-2127
11.
12.
13.
Dongrui Zhao Yunsong Jiang Jinyuan Sun Hehe Li Mingquan Huang Xiaotao Sun Mouming Zhao 《Journal of food science》2019,84(7):1920-1928
14.
15.
Xie C Kang J Ferguson ME Nagarajan S Badger TM Wu X 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2011,55(10):1587-1591
Blueberries (BB) have been reported to attenuate atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient (ApoE(-/-) ) mice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of BB in reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production in mouse macrophages. ApoE(-/-) mice were fed AIN-93G diet (CD) or CD formulated to contain 1% freeze-dried BB for 5 wk. TNF-α and IL-6 were lower in serum of BB-fed mice and TNF-α expression in aorta was down-regulated with BB feeding. Protein level and mRNA expression of TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly lower in the peritoneal macrophages from mice fed BB without or with LPS or oxLDL stimulation. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with polyphenol-enriched extracts made from the sera of rats fed CD (SEC) or CD containing 10% BB (SEB). SEB significantly inhibited LPS-induced mRNA expression and protein levels of TNF-α and IL-6. Furthermore, SEB inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB, NF-κB p65, MAPK p38 and JNK. All of these are important signaling pathways involved in the production of TNF-α and IL-6. 相似文献
16.
建立酒花黄酮的提取方法和含量测定方法。采用NaNO2-Al(NO3)3-NaOH显色法,以芦丁为对照品,通过单因素试验和L9(34)正交设计确定酒花黄酮的提取方法,并测定和比较酒花、酒糟和啤酒中黄酮的含量。结果表明：酒花黄酮提取方法为样品加入50倍的甲醇,超声提取2次,每次1h,酒花黄酮含量为69.98mg/g,酒糟和啤酒中黄酮的含量较低。对照品芦丁在10.2～40.8μg/mL质量浓度范围内与吸光度呈良好线性关系,平均回收率99.33%,RSD=3.60%。该提取方法合理,含量测定方法简便、快速、准确,可用于酒花黄酮提取物制备及其质量控制。 相似文献
17.
18.
Kyung‐Ah Kim In‐Ah Lee Wan Gu Supriya R. Hyam Dong‐Hyun Kim 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2014,58(5):963-972
19.
Wanqiang Wu Yuelian Li Yue Wu Yawen Zhang Zhen Wang Xuebo Liu 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2015,59(9):1663-1673
20.