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1.
Electrochemical measurements (steady‐state current‐voltage curves and AC impedance) were coupled with mass‐loss measurements, SEM examinations, and EDSX analyses to investigate the inhibition of corrosion of a carbon steel by a mixture of phosphonic acid HEDP (acid 1, hydroxyethylene, 1‐1 diphosphonic) and sodium metasilicate pentahydrate Na2SiO3. 5H2O in an industrial hard water containing 3.10?3 M Ca2+ ions. At pH 7, HEDP and Ca2+ act in a synergistic manner, by formation of a HEDP and calcium containing layer. Addition of silicate at this pH value, allows to reach an efficiency of 94% due to an additive inhibition effect. At pH 11, metasilicate, HEDP, and Ca2+ ions reinforce the passive layer in a synergistic way. The mixture (1.7 · 10?5 M HEDP + 2.6 · 10‐3 M SiO2?3) in the Ca2+ containing electrolyte is shown to be able to inhibit efficaciously the corrosion of iron at room temperature, considering uniform corrosion at pH 7 or pitting corrosion at pH 11. 相似文献
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通过失重法、线性电位扫描、动电位扫描、电化学阻抗谱等分析手段,研究AZ63镁合金在NaCl溶液中的孔蚀行为,考察缓蚀剂磷酸钠和复配剂氟化钠对AZ63镁合金孔蚀的影响,并用扫描电镜观察AZ63镁合金的腐蚀形貌。结果表明:NaCl溶液浓度增加会使镁合金的孔蚀倾向增大,但NaCl质量分数超过5.5%后,击穿电位与再钝化电位差值的下降幅度显著减小;Na3PO4能够有效阻止AZ63镁合金在氯化钠溶液中的腐蚀,PO43-浓度增加使E b值增大,2.0%Na3PO4对镁合金的缓蚀率达到92.8%;NaF溶液与Na3PO4复配可减缓AZ63镁合金的腐蚀速度,添加0.16%NaF时,极化电阻增大至3092Ω·cm2。 相似文献
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微生物腐蚀(Microbiological Induced Corrosion,MIC)带来的危害占海洋腐蚀危害的20%。微生物腐蚀是指由于微生物的生命活动及其代谢产物与金属材料相互作用,影响腐蚀反应的阴极和阳极过程所引发的腐蚀现象,已成为海运业面临的重大技术难题,研究海洋微生物腐蚀对推进我国海洋事业的发展有重要意义。金属材料微生物腐蚀包括全面腐蚀和局部腐蚀,局部腐蚀的危害更大,而点蚀被认为是危害最大的局部腐蚀形式。海洋微生物种类繁多,本文聚焦于硫元素的参与者硫酸盐还原菌(Sulfate-reducing Bacteria,SRB)、铁元素的参与者铁还原细菌(Iron-reducing Bacteria,IRB)和铁氧化细菌(Iron-oxidizing Bacteria,IOB)所引发的微生物点蚀问题,包括由细菌不均匀的生物膜与腐蚀产物膜以及细菌本身的特性引起的点蚀。以广泛应用于海洋平台和船舶的碳钢和不锈钢为对象,分析其在海洋SRB、IRB和IOB下的点蚀状况,从腐蚀形貌和腐蚀产物两方面对比了碳钢、不锈钢在不同细菌体系中的腐蚀差异,腐蚀形貌分析包括腐蚀产物形貌和去除腐蚀产物后金属表面形貌的分析,腐蚀产物分析主要聚焦于金属材料表面不同成分与含量的变化。从代谢产物理论、氧浓差电池作用理论阐释了碳钢和不锈钢的点蚀机理,指出微生物点蚀研究需要综合考虑多种因素,包括多菌种的相互作用和多种环境因素对金属材料的点蚀影响,以及微生物对耐蚀金属材料的点蚀影响等。 相似文献
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目的 研究钢在流动人造海水中的冲刷腐蚀行为及防护方法.方法 采用自制的冲刷试验平台,利用扫描电镜、电化学阻抗、电化学噪声、最大熵值变换等方法,分析钢在流动人造海水中各阶段的冲刷腐蚀行为特征,验证材料表面涂覆新型环氧涂层的方法对提高钢耐流动人造海水冲刷腐蚀的有效性.结果 钢在2 m/s流动人造海水中30 d的冲刷腐蚀行为特征可以分为三个阶段,第一阶段,金属开始发生点蚀,生成网状腐蚀产物,反应电阻上升后持续减小至400?,电化学噪声电位发生负移,SE值较大,电化学腐蚀速率增强;第二阶段,点蚀速率减弱,开始出现颗粒状腐蚀产物,反应电阻相对稳定在300? 左右,电化学噪声电位发生正移,SE值数值较小,电化学腐蚀速率保持相对稳定;第三阶段,外层腐蚀产物剥离,反应电阻和SE值发生较大的波动,冲刷作用导致了腐蚀产物的快速形成和脱离.涂覆绝缘涂层的钢试样总电阻稳定在6.0×105?左右,高出无涂层裸露试样总电阻(1.0×103?)2个数量级.结论 钢在2 m/s流动人造海水中30 d的冲刷腐蚀行为特征可以分为加速腐蚀-动态平衡-平衡破坏三个阶段,新型环氧涂层具有较好的耐冲刷腐蚀性能. 相似文献
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赤泥沉降槽A3钢盖板的腐蚀是保温层上的抹面灰泥吸水渗水,使硅藻土保温砖经常处于潮湿状态,其浸出液是碱性强电解质,A3钢在此环境中发生电化学腐蚀.腐蚀产物是以Fe3O4、Fe2O3和FeO(OH)为主铁的氧化物和氢氧化物.建议采用致密的石灰抹面并在抹面上施加煤焦油沥青覆盖层防止渗水. 相似文献
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通过动电位扫描,微区电位扫描,电化学阻抗谱及XPS等技术,考察了Na2MoO4和三乙醇胺 (TEA) 复配缓蚀剂对Q235碳钢孔蚀的抑制作用。结果表明:Q235碳钢在0.02 mol/L NaCl+0.1 mol/L NaHCO3溶液中,适量的Na2MoO4与TEA复配对其孔蚀的抑制作用要优于单独使用Na2MoO4对孔蚀的抑制效果。在外加恒电位为0.3 V时,在实验溶液中碳钢表面有活性点被激活,Na2MoO4+TEA复配缓蚀剂能够明显抑制表面活性点的生成,并且能使形成的活性点的电位峰值迅速降低,抑制其向腐蚀小孔的转化。在加有Na2MoO4+TEA复配缓蚀剂的实验溶液中形成的缓蚀膜主要成分为Fe2(MoO4)3,Fe2O3和TEA,三乙醇胺的吸附可以改善钼酸盐缓蚀膜的致密性,进一步提高缓蚀性能。 相似文献
7.
Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete exposed to chloride containing environments is a serious problem in civil engineering practice. Electrochemical methods, e.g., potential mapping, provide information whether the steel reinforcement is still passive or depassivation has been initiated. By applying such techniques no information on the type of corrosion, its extent and distribution of corrosion products is available. Particular the corrosion progress is a significant problem. Especially in the case of macrocell corrosion in reinforced concrete structures, the development at the anode cannot be separated into corrosion damage resulting from macrocell corrosion or self‐corrosion. Until now also in laboratory tests it is impossible to collect such information without destroying specimens after electrochemical testing was performed. To overcome this problem it was tried to study the steel surface within the mortar specimens by X‐ray tomography (CT). Within the scope of these investigations it could be shown, that X‐ray tomography is suitable to make corrosion pits and their development visible which are embedded in a mortar with a cover thickness of about 35 mm. In this publication the time‐dependent corrosion damage of reinforced steel is documented by X‐ray tomography. 相似文献
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Within the scope of examinations at steel specimens embedded in chloride contaminated mortar for the first time X‐ray tomography was used to analyse the areas, damaged by chloride induced corrosion. Damaged areas with dimensions of a few μm could be detected. The results from the X‐ray tomography were verified by inspection of surfaces of the bars after removing the cover mortar. 相似文献
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用动电位极化法研究了CO2-3、NO-2、SO2-4、MoO2-4和PO3-45种阴离子对A3钢在0.5 mol/L NaHCO3+0.05 mol/L NaCl溶液中的亚稳态孔蚀行为.5种离子使A3钢的孔蚀电位Eb和亚稳孔蚀出现电位Em均不同程度地正移,说明这5种离子既抑制稳定孔蚀的发生,也抑制亚稳孔蚀的发生.在5种离子中,NO-2抑制亚稳孔蚀形核的能力最强.5种离子对稳定孔蚀与亚稳孔蚀形核与生长有大致相同的作用. 相似文献
11.
Pitting corrosion is one of the most common mechanisms of surface damage on stainless steels. Electrochemical methods have been preferentially applied for the evaluation of the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steels in the laboratory. Nevertheless, some of them are not reliable enough and in general the application of electrochemical methods in the field becomes difficult because of required deep understanding of corrosive phenomena and measurement technology. Therefore, new approaches for the evaluation of the pitting corrosion susceptibility of stainless steel surfaces in the laboratory as well as in the field are necessary. In the present paper two novel strategies including electrochemical noise measurements under anodic polarization for laboratory testing, and an indicator test to assess the susceptibility of stainless steel surfaces to pitting corrosion in the field are introduced. Experimental results concerning the influence of surface treatments on the pitting corrosion resistance on stainless steels have confirmed that final surface condition has a significant effect on their future pitting corrosion susceptibility. In addition, the pitting corrosion resistance of stainless steel surfaces was observed being specifically dependent on the achieved surface topography and in some cases independent on the roughness parameters of the surface. 相似文献
12.
用动电位极化法研究了CO32-、NO2-、SO42-、MoO42-和PO43-5种阴离子对A3钢在0.5 mol/L NaHCO3+0.05mol/L NaCl溶液中的亚稳态孔蚀行为.5种离子使A3钢的孔蚀电位Eb和亚稳孔蚀出现电位Em均不同程度地正移,说明这5种离子既抑制稳定孔蚀的发生,也抑制亚稳孔蚀的发生.在5种离子中,NO2-抑制亚稳孔蚀形核的能力最强.5种离子对稳定孔蚀与亚稳孔蚀形核与生长有大致相同的作用. 相似文献
13.
Electrochemical noise (EN) enables corrosion research and monitoring in real time and with high sensitivity. In the case of submicroscopic nucleation events of pitting corrosion it has been observed that the cathodic process plays a decisive role in the mechanism as well as in the origin of EN signals, which depend not only on the metallic dissolution reaction but also on the electron‐consuming process. EN signals arising from the nucleation process of localized corrosion on stainless steels can only be recorded due to the inhibition effect on the cathodic process achieved by the spontaneous formation of the passive layer. In consequence, passive layer stability becomes a significant factor in influencing EN signals. The way in which the passive layer stability affects the acquisition and analysis of EN signals arising from pitting corrosion on stainless steels is discussed in detail. 相似文献
14.
Bojana Radojković Jovanka Kovačina Bore Jegdić Biljana Bobić Behar Alić Dunja Marunkić Anđela Simović 《工业材料与腐蚀》2021,72(4):694-707
This study considers the corrosion behavior of the X5CrNi18 10 stainless steel-welded joint in NaCl solution, with and without the presence of several corrosion inhibitors (NaNO3, Ce(NO3)3, and CeCl3). The degree of sensitization of the welded joint to intergranular corrosion is determined using the electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation method with a double-loop method. Pitting corrosion tests are performed by the potentiodynamic method. Resistance to general corrosion and the stability of the passive film is assessed based on the results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements, as well as on the values of the corrosion and passivation current. The main goal of this study is to determine the relation of the welded joint microstructure to general and pitting corrosion in the presence of the corrosion inhibitors. The value of pitting potential for the base metal and weld metal in the presence of the NaNO3 or Ce(NO3)3 inhibitor is shifted to potentials in the transpassive area. The pitting potential for the heat-affected zone also possesses a noticeable higher value. However, nitrate ions do not increase the general corrosion resistance of any part of the welded joint. CeCl3 does not increase resistance to general or pitting corrosion. 相似文献
15.
Long‐term corrosion resistance of carbon steels grade API L80 and API Q125 has been evaluated by means of electrochemical measurements and exposure tests in the Molasse Basin, one of the most important geothermal fluids in Europe. In addition, the localized corrosion resistance of the duplex stainless steel alloy 2205 and the austenitic stainless steel grade 316L was determined at 100 and 150 °C. In general, investigated materials showed a remarkable resistance to uniform and localized corrosion. Their corrosion behaviour at service conditions is discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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Galvanic corrosion behavior of TA2/316L composite plate was investigated in the solution of 3.5 wt% NaCl by galvanic potential monitoring, scanning localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) and scanning vibrating micro‐electrode (SVME) techniques. The results demonstrated that the pitting corrosion resistance of 316L for the galvanic combination sample is lower, and the coupled current density is higher than for the single 316L sample. It indicates that the galvanic action works on the corrosion behavior of the TA2 titanium alloy/316L stainless steel galvanic combination in sodium chloride solution. The galvanic effect width was determined as 1500 µm. 相似文献
18.
304不锈钢点蚀的电化学噪声特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
使用电化学噪声技术,通过长期连续实时监测,对304不锈钢在0.5mol/L FeCl3溶液中发生局部腐蚀的点蚀发展过程和腐蚀机理进行研究。综合谱图分析、时域统计分析、小波分析等诸多方法进行分析和论证。结果表明:电化学噪声的谱图可以明显地分为4个阶段,分别对应于点蚀发展过程中的钝态期、亚稳态点蚀期、稳态点蚀期及稳态点蚀后期。在时域分析时,先用3阶多项式拟合移除漂移,电流噪声标准偏差Si在亚稳蚀和稳态点蚀阶段发生明显的升高,噪声电阻(Rn)、点蚀指标(PI)在对应时间点表现出相应的降低或升高。小波分析表明,随着反应的进行,能量积累开始逐步增大;亚稳态点蚀期能量开始向d4~d6处累积,当进一步发展为稳态点蚀时d5~d8出现极大值。 相似文献
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元素硫对特高含H2S气井用油管钢的腐蚀 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
用电化学方法研究了特高含硫化氢气井所用油管钢在含硫磺的5%NaCl水溶液中的电化学行为,湿态硫磺作为一种阴极去极化剂促进材料的腐蚀,腐蚀速度随硫磺含量增加而增加,且存在浓度极值。升温同样可促进硫磺对材料的腐蚀,不同温度腐蚀机理不同。 相似文献
20.
The corrosion behaviour of martensitic stainless injection‐pipeline steel X46Cr13 exposed to CO2 saturated artificial saline brine with high chloride concentration similar to onshore CCS‐site at Ketzin, Germany has been investigated by means of electrochemical technique and microscopic observations at short exposure times (up to 24 h) and by mass loss and metallographic observations at exposure times up to 17520 h. Pitting corrosion kinetics has been characterised and the predictions about the corrosion mechanism are made. 相似文献