Effect of methyl jasmonate on quality and antioxidant activity of postharvest loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat fruit is rich in natural antioxidants and has shown a remarkably high antioxidant activity. To search for an effective method for maintaining or even improving antioxidant activity during postharvest storage, we investigated the effect of 10 µmol L^?1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on levels of major individual sugars and organic acids, total phenolics, total carotenoids, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in loquat fruit during storage at 1 °C for 35 days. RESULTS: The MeJA‐treated fruit exhibited significantly lower levels of respiration rate, ethylene production, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities, and higher levels of sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and total flavonoids than control fruit. Meanwhile, the treatment also maintained significantly higher antioxidant activity as measured by the scavenging capacity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and by the reducing power test compared to the control. There was a significant positive linear relationship between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment can improve the quality and functional properties of harvested loquat fruit by maintaining a higher level of antioxidants and enhancing antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同品种枇杷果实采后低温贮藏品质研究

目的 明确不同品种枇杷果实采后低温贮藏期间腐烂和品质变化的差异, 为枇杷果实贮运技术的开发提供理论依据。方法 研究了“洛阳青”、“宁海白”和“大红袍”3个品种枇杷果实5 ℃贮藏35 d期间失重率、腐烂指数、果皮和果肉颜色变化、可溶性固形物、维生素C、类胡萝卜素和总酚含量的变化。结果 “洛阳青”和“大红袍”枇杷果实采后可溶性固形物、维生素C含量和L值下降, 失重率和腐烂指数上升, 果实贮藏品质发生劣变。枇杷果实贮藏前期果皮和果肉b值升高, 类胡萝卜素和总酚含量增加。但随着贮藏时间的延长, 果实中类胡萝卜素和总酚含量逐渐下降。结论 与“宁海白”枇杷果实相比, “洛阳青”和“大红袍”枇杷果实采后5 ℃贮藏期间易发生腐烂, 品质劣变严重, 耐贮性低。     

枇杷幼果总黄酮提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性分析

目的采用响应面法优化枇杷幼果总黄酮提取工艺,并考察其抗氧化活性。方法以总黄酮含量作为评价指标,以料液比、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间为考察因素,采用单因素实验与响应面分析相结合的方法,探索最佳提取工艺,并采用总抗氧化能力检测试剂盒(total antioxidant capacity assay kit,ABTS)、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)和亚铁还原能力实验(fluorescence recovery after photobleaching,FRAP)法分析其抗氧化活性。结果枇杷幼果总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为:液料比为1:64(g:mL),乙醇浓度为49%,提取温度为65℃,提取时间为20 min。在此条件下,枇杷幼果总黄酮的实际得率为76.038 mg/g,与预测得率75.046 mg/g接近。提取的枇杷幼果总黄酮经AB-8大孔树脂纯化,其抗氧化活性明显高于维生素C(VC)。结论响应面法提取枇杷幼果总黄酮工艺可行,且提取物具有很好的抗氧化活性。     

1-MCP处理对冷藏期间花牛苹果香气成分和果实品质的影响

以花牛苹果为试材,研究了1-甲基环丙烯（1-MCP）处理对花牛苹果在低温贮藏期间果实硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、呼吸速率、乙烯释放速率及香气成分的种类数量和相对含量的影响。结果表明:贮藏6个月时,1-MCP处理花牛苹果果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量分别为7.53 kg·cm-2、15.57%和0.29%,比同期对照分别高53.2%、1.2%和5.3%,同时抑制果实的呼吸强度和乙烯的生成。1-MCP能显著减少果实贮藏期间酯类、醇类、酸类、醛类和其他类成分种类和相对含量,处理果中酯类、醇类、酸类、醛类和其他类香气成分种类比同期对照分别减少了41.9%、15.5%、17.1%、50%、11.9%。在低温贮藏条件下,1-MCP能显著减少花牛苹果贮藏期间香气的种类,降低各类香气的含量,提高花牛苹果的贮藏品质。      

Control of anthracnose rot and quality deterioration in loquat fruit with methyl jasmonate

BACKGROUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit has a short shelf‐life, mainly due to fungal decay. Current control of postharvest disease of the fruit is mainly dependent on fungicides. However, because of the increasing consumer concern over food safety, there is an urgent need to search for effective alternatives to control disease. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and maintaining quality of loquat fruit. RESULTS: Loquat fruit were treated with 10 µmol L^?1 MeJA and wound inoculated with C. acutatum spore suspension of 1.0 × 10⁵ spores mL^?1 24 h after treatment, and then stored at 20 °C for 6 days. The percentage of infected wounds showing decay symptom was reduced from 54.4% to 16.7% and the lesion diameter was reduced from 7.26 mm to 4.00 mm by MeJA treatment on the 4th day after inoculation. MeJA treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days storage. Meanwhile, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate and total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of flesh leatheriness. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment effectively inhibited anthracnose rot and maintained quality in loquat fruit. Inhibition of the disease was mainly because of resistance induced in loquat fruit by MeJA. A postharvest application of MeJA could be an alternative to chemical fungicides for control of postharvest disease in loquat fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

成熟度对晚香蕉李冷藏条件下果实品质的影响

采收不同成熟度的晚香蕉李冷藏,研究了成熟度对晚香蕉李贮藏品质的影响。结果表明:成熟果实能维持较高总糖、VC和可溶性固形物(TSS)含量,但果实膜透性、丙二醛含量和硬度较低。未成熟Ⅱ果实总糖、VC和TSS含量与成熟果实接近,果实硬度较高,贮藏后期仍能维持较低膜透性,为贮藏最佳成熟度。     

Effect of 1-methylcyclopropene on chilling injury and quality of peach fruit during cold storage

The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 μL/L) of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on chilling injury (CI), fruit quality, and antioxidant enzyme activities in cold-stored peach fruit (Prunus persica Batsch cv Baifeng) were investigated. The results showed that treatment with 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP significantly alleviated CI symptoms, including internal browing (IB) and flesh mealiness (FM), and maintained higher fruit quality. In addition, 1-MCP inhibited the activities of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD), maintained higher activities of antioxidant enzymes and kept the balance of the polygalacturonase (PG)/pectinmethylesterase (PME) ratio. The treatment of 1-MCP markedly inhibited the increase of electrolyte leakage and the accumulation of malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide. Thus, 1-MCP (0.5 μL/L) treatment is effective in preventing CI and maintaining overall quality in peach fruit. The effect of 1-MCP on alleviating CI may be due to its capability to enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and to reduce oxidative damage. Practical Application: Treatment with 0.5 μL/L 1-MCP significantly prevented chilling injury and maintained fruit quality in "Baifeng" peaches. In addition, 1-MCP could enhance antioxidant enzyme activities and alleviate oxidative damage. Thus, 1-MCP has the potential for application in the Asiatic peach industry.     

Effect of different light transmittance paper bags on fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in loquat

BACKGROUND: Bagging has been widely used to improve the commercial value of fruit. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different light transmittance paper bags on the quality and antioxidant capacity of loquat fruit. Two loquat cultivars, Baiyu and Ninghaibai (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), were used for materials. One‐layered white paper bags (OWPB) with ～50% light transmittance and two‐layered paper bags with a black inner layer and a grey outer layer (TGDPB) with ～0% light transmittance were used as treatments and unbagged fruits were used as the control (CK) in this experiment. Fruit quality was determined by physicochemical characteristics, the quantity of sugar, total phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid and vitamin C. The antioxidant capacities of the methanol extracted from the pulp were tested using three different assays. RESULTS: The results showed that bagging decreased the weight of fruit but promoted the appearance of loquat fruits. The total sugar content in the fruit bagged with OWPB was higher than in controls and in fruit bagged with TGDPB. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were decreased by both bagging treatments, with the lowest occurring in the fruit bagged with TGDPB. Bagging also decreased the total antioxidant capacity of the fruit pulp, which was again lower in TGDPB‐treated fruits than in those bagged using OWPB. Correlation analysis showed a linear relationship between total antioxidant capacity and the content of total phenolic and flavonoid. CONCLUSION: The results showed that different light transmittance bags had different effects on fruit quality and antioxidant capacity. In particular, bags with low light transmittance (TGDPB) decreased the inner quality and total antioxidant capacity of loquat fruit. All results indicated that bagging with OWPB was more suitable for maintaining the quality of the loquat fruit than bagging with TGDPB. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of heat treatment on internal browning and membrane fatty acid in loquat fruit in response to chilling stress

BACKGROUND: Chilling injury (CI) limits the storage period and shelf‐life of red‐fleshed loquat fruit (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.), which leads to a remarkable loss after cold storage. To develop an effective technique to reduce CI, the effects of a 38 °C heat treatment in air for 5 h, plus storage at 1 °C for 35 days, on internal browning (IB) and membrane fatty acid composition of the loquat cv. Jiefangzhong were investigated. RESULTS: Heat treatment delayed the occurrence of IB and inhibited the increase of IB index in ‘Jiefangzhong’ loquat fruit. Heat treatment maintained lower levels of electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde content, and inhibited the increases in phospholipase D and lipoxygenase activities compared with the control fruit. Meanwhile, heat treatment inhibited the increases in palmitic, stearic and oleic acid levels and delayed the decreases in linoleic and linolenic acid contents, thus maintaining higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio than the control. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the reduction of IB in chilled loquat fruit by heat treatment might due to maintenance of membrane integrity and higher unsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratio. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene on anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and disease resistance in loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit are susceptible to fungal decay during postharvest storage at ambient temperature. The control of postharvest diseases of loquat is based primarily on the use of synthetic fungicides. To look for an alternative method for disease control, we investigated the effect of 1‐methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) on controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum of loquat fruit. RESULTS: 1‐MCP treatment significantly reduced decay incidence of loquat fruit. The treatment markedly inhibited accumulation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and maintained higher superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase. Meanwhile, 1‐MCP treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days' storage. Furthermore, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate, total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of senescence. CONCLUSION: 1‐MCP was effective in reducing decay and might have enhanced the disease resistance in loquat fruit by increasing chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase, and maintained natural resistance by delaying senescence development. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

乙烯催熟对采后果实贮藏品质的影响

乙烯是一种植物催熟激素,目前已经被广泛应用于采后果实的催熟。本文综述了乙烯对呼吸跃变型果实和非跃变型果实贮藏品质的影响。采后乙烯处理能够促进两种呼吸类型果实的褪绿转黄,改善果实色泽,并且能够引起两类果实硬度的下降,促进果实软化。乙烯处理能够促进跃变型果实贮藏过程中风味提升、香气改善、抗氧化能力提高,然而,乙烯对于非跃变型果实的这些品质并无显著影响。因此,对于在生产上应用乙烯催熟非跃变型果实,应在其食用品质达到商业要求之后方可采收。      

柠檬醛对草莓贮藏期间品质和抗氧化能力的影响

目的 探讨不同植物精油对草莓贮藏期间品质和抗氧化能力的影响，为草莓保鲜提供新的方法。方法 以“红颜”草莓为试材，分别用不同质量浓度（40、80、160和320 μg/mL）的百里香精油、丁香花精油、肉桂精油、枯茗醛和柠檬醛进行处理，测定其在20℃贮藏期间的失重率、腐烂指数、理化性质、抗氧化物质含量和抗氧化酶活性等指标。结果 柠檬醛在40 μg/mL质量浓度时具有最佳保鲜效果，能够有效地降低草莓果实的失重率和腐烂指数，延缓可溶性固形物、可滴定酸和抗坏血酸含量的下降，维持较高的总酚和总黄酮含量，并提高果实对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH）自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力。此外，该处理还能显著提高过氧化氢酶、超氧化物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶等抗氧化酶的活性，且有效抑制丙二醛含量的升高。结论 柠檬醛在草莓贮藏中具有良好的保鲜效果，能够保持其品质和营养价值，这为柠檬醛在水果贮藏保鲜中的应用提供了依据。     

Effect of nitric oxide on reactive oxygen species and antioxidant enzymes in kiwifruit during storage

BACKGROUND: The accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in kiwifruit can cause oxidative damage during storage. Little research has been carried out on the effects of nitric oxide (NO) on oxidative damage to kiwifruit. Therefore the aim of the present study was to evaluate the ability of 0.5, 1 and 2 µmol L^?1 NO aqueous solutions to alleviate oxidative damage to kiwifruit during storage. RESULTS: The most marked effect was obtained with 1 µmol L^?1 NO solution, which significantly reduced the accumulation of malondialdehyde, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, delayed the decrease in vitamins C and E, maintained the content of soluble solids, inhibited the activity of lipoxygenase and peroxidase and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in kiwifruit during storage. The 0.5 µmol L^?1 NO solution was too weak to significantly affect the content of ROS and the activity of enzymes. However, treatment with 2 µmol L^?1 NO solution promoted the accumulation of ROS, decreased the activity of antioxidant enzymes and accelerated peroxidation in kiwifruit during storage. CONCLUSION By increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes and maintaining the content of vitamins C and E, treatment with 1 µmol L^?1 NO aqueous solution could protect kiwifruit against oxidative damage caused by ROS during storage. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Effects of 1‐methylcyclopropene on oxidative damage,phospholipases and chilling injury in loquat fruit

BACKGROUND: Low‐temperature storage is commonly used for loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit to inhibit decay and extend postharvest life, but it also increases the severity of chilling injury (CI) in red‐fleshed fruit. 1‐Methylcyclopropene (1‐MCP) has been used to reduce the development of CI in cold‐stored loquat. However, the effects of 1‐MCP on changes in antioxidant system and phospholipase activity and their relation to CI have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to determine whether the 1‐MCP‐induced modification in antioxidant system and phospholipase activity is linked to the reduced CI in cold‐stored loquat fruit. RESULTS: 1‐MCP treatment significantly alleviated CI in ‘Fuyang’ loquat fruit. The treatment markedly inhibited the accumulation of malondialdehyde, superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide and the increase in electrolyte leakage. In addition, 1‐MCP‐treated fruit exhibited significantly higher catalase activity and lower lipoxygenase (LOX) and phospholipase C (PLC) activities than control fruit during storage. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that LOX and PLC are associated with the induction of CI in loquat fruit. 1‐MCP might reduce CI by inhibiting LOX and PLC activities and alleviating oxidative damage. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

不同品种梨果实贮藏期间抗氧化活性及品质分析

为探明不同品种梨果实贮藏期间抗氧化活性和品质指标的变化,以康佛伦斯、凯斯凯德、黄金、圆黄、京白和鸭梨为试材,研究了6个不同品种梨在采收时和贮藏后的总抗氧化能力、自由基清除能力、抗氧化物质含量以及品质指标。结果表明,西洋梨的抗氧化性最强,其中康佛伦斯强于凯斯凯德,日韩梨和中国梨次之。西洋梨的硬度、可溶性固形物和还原糖含量也较高。贮藏过程中,各品种梨的抗氧化活性呈现先下降后上升的趋势,抗氧化物质中维生素C的变化最明显,呈显著下降趋势(p<0.05)。各品种梨中康佛伦斯的抗氧化物质含量较高,尤其是总酚含量最高,其硬度和可溶性固形物含量也较高。      

Effect of previous frozen storage on quality changes of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) fillets during short‐term chilled storage

The effect of chilled, frozen and freeze‐chilled storage on quality of grass carp fillets and soups was evaluated by sensory score, total aerobic counts and biochemical quality. Fish fillets were stored at 4 °C for 6 days (T1), ?40 °C for 12 h and then at ?20 °C for 5 days (T2), ?40 °C for 12 h and then at ?20 °C for 5 days, followed by at 4 °C for 4 days (T3). T1 showed higher sensory score, salt‐soluble protein content, better colour and texture qualities than T2 and T3 within 3 days. All fillets kept good quality based on the acceptable limit of sensory score, total volatile basic nitrogen and total aerobic count during storage time. According to the transportation and retail time, chilled storage is appropriate when it is within 3 days. If it extends for 5 days, freeze‐chilling treatment keeps better quality, but later chilled fillets should be retailed within 4 days.