Worth-centred mobile phone design for older users

The twenty-first century society fights against an inherent tendency to over-classify and label people. In the case of the aged, despite all efforts, the perception of the helpless, feeble older person still prevails. The truth of the matter is that people over sixty often do not fit this profile. The aged are a heterogeneous group with varying different skills and abilities in many different areas. This paper challenges prevalent mobile phone design decisions that appear to have been made based on the erroneous pre-conception of the incapable elder. Designers currently produce “senior” mobile phones that are, at best, inadequate and, at worst, insulting to a sector of society that deserves respect and consideration. Age does indeed influence mobile phone usage, and people over sixty often have specific and special needs, quite apart from age-related limitations, that predict their use of mobile phones. Most mobile phones designed for older users simply reduce the number of features: the so-called simplification approach. Apart from reducing the effectiveness of the phone, this approach often incorporates the fatal design flaw of using numbers or letters, on speed-dial buttons, which requires the user to remember the button–person mappings. In fact, this design rationale reduces the value of the phone to the user. This paper argues that mobile phone design for older users should be worth-centred (Cockton G in Designing worth is worth designing. In: Proceedings of the 4th Nordic conference on human–computer interaction: changing roles. Oslo, Norway, pp 165–174, 2006) rather than simplification-driven. The worth-centred approach maximises worth to the user of the phone. This is achieved by maximising effectiveness while accommodating reduced capabilities. To maximise ease of use, and consequent accessibility, features may have to be reduced in an informed way. To facilitate this, a mapping process is proposed whereby user needs are linked to uses of the phone, and then to the features that facilitate these uses. Needs fall into a number of categories, and each category is characterised by a number of different uses, which form a usage space. Features can be linked to one or more usage spaces, and thus be used to support needs. The first step in the conducted research entailed the identification of the needs of the older mobile phone user. Then, it was determined whether these needs were indeed being met by the uses afforded in existing phones. Having concluded that most users’ needs were not being met, the next step was to capture data on the needs, limitations and expectations of people over the age of sixty. This was achieved by conducting a series of one-to-one interviews with a number of older mobile phone users and also supervising a participatory design experiment. Using the findings of the analysis, a usage space model is proposed, which serves to align feature inclusion with user needs. Based on this usage space model (the theoretical contribution), a prototype mobile phone design is presented as the practical contribution of the paper.     

A role-oriented service system architecture for enterprise process collaboration

Workflow management is a key technique for coordinating various business processes. Traditional workflow systems are often built with the client/server architecture, in which, a single workflow server takes the responsibility of the entire operation. This paper discusses a model-driven process enactment environment, which can support an enterprise businesses collaboration. Some key technologies regarding models and the system are discussed in the paper, including the mappings between activities in process models and the service function of applications, how to use XML in the process model, and other workflow engine techniques. A software architecture supporting role-oriented services within the process-driven enterprise enactment environment has been proposed and implemented. The proposed framework has been validated with a case study in the 4PL business system.     

手机RF设计中的PCB板可靠性设计

本文提出了在对手机PCB板的RF布局的一些可靠性设计技巧。是一种在实际设计时真正实用的技巧,是当PCB设计可以遵循的准则和法则因各种设计约束而无法准确地实施时对它们进行的折中处理。     

盲人手机输入方案的交互设计和评估

以交互设计模式对盲人手机界面的输入方式进行了研究,按照交互设计流程对盲人手机进行需求分析,提出了盲人手机输入方式的两个候选方案,并利用非语音声音表示数据的听觉显示技术在Windows图形界面上建立了原型.利用原型以迭代方式对方案进行了两轮评估和改进,展望了候选方案的研究前景.     

Personalized blog content recommender system for mobile phone users

Compared to newspaper columnists and broadcast media commentators, bloggers do not have organizations actively promoting their content to users; instead, they rely on word-of-mouth or casual visits by web surfers. We believe the WAP Push service feature of mobile phones can help bridge the gap between internet and mobile services, and expand the number of potential blog readers. Since mobile phone screen size is very limited, content providers must be familiar with individual user preferences in order to recommend content that matches narrowly defined personal interests. To help identify popular blog topics, we have created (a) an information retrieval process that clusters blogs into groups based on keyword analyses, and (b) a mobile content recommender system (M-CRS) for calculating user preferences for new blog documents. Here we describe results from a case study involving 20,000 mobile phone users in which we examined the effects of personalized content recommendations. Browsing habits and user histories were recorded and analyzed to determine individual preferences for making content recommendations via the WAP Push feature. The evaluation results of our recommender system indicate significant increases in both blog-related push service click rates and user time spent reading personalized web pages. The process used in this study supports accurate recommendations of personalized mobile content according to user interests. This approach can be applied to other embedded systems with device limitations, since document subject lines are elaborated and more attractive to intended users.     

Dual antenna system for metal frame mobile phone applications

A dual antenna system with 77 mm × 10 mm × 7.5 mm for metal frame (MF) LTE/GPS mobile phones is proposed and studied. The antenna proposed in this study comprises two antenna elements (Ant 1 and Ant 2) and a decoupling line. Ant 1 as the main antenna that covers the lower band (698‐960 MHz), the GPS band, and the higher band (1710‐2690 MHz) consisting of a ground branch, a coupled line, and a tuning line. Ant 2 as the auxiliary antenna that covers the higher band consisting of a monopole branch and a match circuit. Ant 1 and Ant 2 form a two‐element MIMO antenna covering the higher band. The advantages of the proposed antenna are that the main antenna (Ant 1) covers the GPS band and all of the 2G/3G/4G bands, and the two‐element MIMO antenna covering the higher band, which consists of Ant 1 and Ant 2 located at the same side of a mobile phone with an MF, is obtained. A prototype is manufactured and tested. For Ant 1, the measured working bands (under ?6 dB condition) are 685 to 965 MHz and 1480 to 2800 MHz, and the LTE700, GSM850, GSM900, GPS, GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, and LTE2500 bands are covered. For Ant 2, the measured working band (under ?6 dB condition) is 1640 to 2720 MHz, and the GSM1800, GSM1900, UMTS, LTE2300, and LTE2500 bands are covered. The measured isolations between Ant 1 and Ant 2 are larger than 12 dB at the working bands. The measured efficiencies, envelope correlation coefficients, and mean effective gains are also presented.     

Robust passive autofocus system for mobile phone camera applications

A robust autofocus system is a ubiquitous function in today’s mobile phone camera applications. However, due to the power consumption and size requirements, it is difficult for the autofocus function to be implemented into the design of mobile phone cameras. This paper presents a passive autofocus system with low computational complexity. This system uses a novel contrast measurement to determine degree of image sharpness, which can better reflect the information about image discontinuities. In order to gauge the performance of this measurement, a modified peak search strategy is used in the experiments. The experimental results from several typical image sequences validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

基于移动代理的网络管理系统的研究与设计

目前简单网络管理协议（SNMP,Simple Network Management Protocol）已经是网络管理软件的实际标准,随着网络技术的日新月异,对网络管理的要求也越来越高,现有的网络管理方法的缺陷也逐渐突出。针对这些问题,提出基于移动代理的网络管理方案,它对移动代理技术和SNMP协议进行了很好的结合,并选用IBM Aglets移动代理开发平台,设计了一种高效的网络管理体系结构。     

移动式仓库管理终端系统的分析与设计

讨论了一个自主开发的移动仓储管理系统的设计和实现。该系统基于J2ME平台,能够配置在移动通信设备之上,完成现场货物信息的基本管理功能,以适应现代仓储管理的应用需求。     

一种支持Cortex-M3的Simulink自定义目标系统设计

在基于模型的嵌入式控制系统设计开发中,利用Simulink Coder和Embedded Coder等工具为控制算法、系统模型等自动生成嵌入式代码被证实是一种高效、可靠、便捷的方法;Mathworks为自带的Simulink模块和MTALAB函数的目标代码生成提供了支持,缺乏的是对于嵌入式开发中目标外围功能的直接支持,比如数字、模拟输入/输出,网络通信以及其它微控制器自身功能,而这对于嵌入式系统开发往往是不可缺少的重要部分;针对工业级嵌入式产品领域应用广泛的Cortex—M3内核微控制器这一目标,设计开发了支持常用外围功能的STM32F1XTarget目标系统以及配套的嵌入式控制板,详细阐述了STM32F1XTarget的工作流程和自定义设备驱动模块设计原理;设计的目标系统支持由系统模型到应用程序下载的一键式操作,这将算法设计和产品开发无缝连接到一起,大大加速了嵌入式控制系统的开发流程,降低了成本,最后在倒立摆嵌入式控制系统开发中进行了实验验证,检验了该目标的有效性和可靠性.     

Smart phone for mobile commerce

This paper surveys most of the currently available smart phones in the market. It summarizes its features and characteristics. From this study a set of must-have and desirable-to-have features for future generations of smart phones are described. The main drivers of smart phones that enable convenient and secure mobile commerce services such as electronic wallet, electronic payment, 3G broadband Internet access, and multimedia content are then described. Finally, payer-centric payment architecture is advocated to facilitate the adoption of smart phones for mobile commerce applications, in contrast to the current prevalent mode of payee-centric payment practice.     

基于多目标进化算法的手机概念设计优化

针对手机设计领域应用计算机辅助设计存在的一些问题,以及如何处理相互冲突的多目标间的优化问题,深入地分析了概念设计过程中的创新思维和多目标优化的基本理论.在手机概念设计阶段同时考虑了用户要求.构件设计属性.设计成本和综合评价值等多种因素,将分布估计算法应该于求解手机集成的多目标优化问题,给出了具体的方法和步骤.实验结果表明,该方法可以提高设计的创新性,给设计人员提供有益的借鉴.     

Identifying mobile phone design features critical to user satisfaction

A variety of mobile phones are available to consumers. They differ from each other in many design features including shape, color, size, and material. This study attempts to identify some of the design features of a mobile phone critical to user satisfaction. Empirical models linking design features to satisfaction levels were developed and used to identify critical design features. Design properties common to “desirable” and “undesirable” phones were then extracted by comparing the values of the critical design features. The approach used in this study may help the product designers identify critical design features with their desirable properties in a systematic manner. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 15–29, 2004.     

一种基于移动服务的系统模型

本文以职业技能鉴定考核系统为研究背景,分析了移动设备与服务器几种传输方式,根据移动设备在系统中有在线和离线不同的应用场景,研究了适用于复杂环境下一种基于移动服务的系统模型。     

Incorporating user satisfaction into the look-and-feel of mobile phone design

The look-and-feel of the mobile phone was investigated using a consumer survey. Seventy-eight participants evaluated the design of 50 different mobile telephones on the perceived scale of image/impression characteristics, including: luxuriousness, simplicity, attractiveness, colourfulness, texture, delicacy, harmoniousness, salience, rigidity, and overall satisfaction. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate results. The results showed that the image and impression characteristics of the products were closely related to the human-product interface specifications as well as overall shape of the product. Design variables such as texture, use of surface curvature, surface treatment, operating sound, and control response ratio were perceived as important by customers. This study also suggested a series of statistical processes for selecting and screening the critical design variables closely related to the customer's impression of a product. The product evaluation and analysis methods could be generalized to other consumer products.     

分布式移动文本翻译系统

提出了基于免费翻译引擎构建分布式移动文本翻译系统的解决方案.针对翻译引擎之间的异构性、手机较弱的计算能力和存储能力等限制因素,引入引擎中间件的概念,对异构翻译引擎进行整合,构建分布式引擎系统,同时通过计算转移、存储转移弥补手机端缺点,以三层体系架构的方式解决以上技术难点.该解决方案既充分利用了免费翻译引擎的资源,又解决了传统翻译系统引擎单一的问题;既引入手机便携、消费市场庞大的优势,又弥补了计算和存储的弱点,使随时随地进行文本翻译成为可能.最后,根据提出的架构,以Java体系集成了大型免费翻译引擎,实现了分布式移动文本翻译的原型系统,可在中、英文之间进行单词、短语、句子、段落以及全文翻译.     

Incorporating user satisfaction into the look-and-feel of mobile phone design

The look-and-feel of the mobile phone was investigated using a consumer survey. Seventy-eight participants evaluated the design of 50 different mobile telephones on the perceived scale of image/impression characteristics, including: luxuriousness, simplicity, attractiveness, colourfulness, texture, delicacy, harmoniousness, salience, rigidity, and overall satisfaction. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate results. The results showed that the image and impression characteristics of the products were closely related to the human-product interface specifications as well as overall shape of the product. Design variables such as texture, use of surface curvature, surface treatment, operating sound, and control response ratio were perceived as important by customers. This study also suggested a series of statistical processes for selecting and screening the critical design variables closely related to the customer's impression of a product. The product evaluation and analysis methods could be generalized to other consumer products.     

32位微处理器中存储管理单元的全定制设计

介绍了一种支持32位精简指令集处理器中页式地址管理的存储管理单元（MMU）的设计与实现。该单元实现了完整的虚实地址转换功能和保护机制,支持固定映射和地址转换旁路缓冲器转换两种模式。该单元基于全定制设计方式完成设计,采用中芯国际0.18 μm工艺。两次流片后的测试结果表明,采用此设计的32位微处理器可以正常地完成所定义的各类存储管理功能,可以正常地启动和运行Linux操作系统。     

桥式起重机智能定制与报价系统开发

通过长期对桥式起重机结构和企业需求的分析研究,将快速智能设计与智能报价两者相结合。以VB6.0为编程工具,Access为数据支撑,运用模块化与参数化技术,二次开发技术以及基于混沌遗传算法的主梁优化设计等关键技术。开发了桥式起重机智能快速定制与报价系统。该系统可根据用户定制参数进行设计计算、优化设计以及快速报价,为企业快速响应用户需求、缩短产品设计周期、降低企业设计成本奠定了技术基础,其对桥式起重机的长期发展具有深远影响。