氮素运筹技术对冬小麦籽粒产量和品质影响的研究

研究结果表明施氮量与籽粒产量、蛋白质含量均呈二次抛物线关系。籽粒产量的临界施氮量小于籽粒蛋白质含量的临界施氮量,0~23.31g/m2为产量和蛋白质含量的同步增长区,23.31~27.14g/m2为异步徘徊区,27.14g/m2以上为同步下降区。增施氮肥能提高籽粒麦谷蛋白、醇溶蛋白的含量及籽粒麦谷蛋白与醇溶蛋白的比值,同时显著提高籽粒湿面筋含量、面团稳定时间和面团延伸度。氮肥基施与追施相结合有利于提高籽粒产量和品质,以基施、拔节期和孕穗期三次施肥效果最佳,适当加大中后期氮肥施用比例,对提高小麦籽粒营养和加工品质有着重要的作用。     

Effect of Process Conditions on Alcohol Yield of Wheat,Maize and Other Cereals

Past research has demonstrated the potential of a range of cereals in the production of grain whisky and ethanol. This paper describes further research that has been carried out to examine the role of processing conditions, the aim being to optimise alcohol yield and reduce processing problems. The first part of this study examined the impact of cooking temperature on alcohol yield and residue viscosity. Results showed that altering the cooking temperature had an effect on predicted spirit yield (PSY) in some, but not all, types of cereal. Hence, in order to obtain the maximum amount of alcohol, cooking regimes should be altered depending on the type of cereal being processed. Altering cooking temperature was also found to have an influence on residue viscosity. High residue viscosity can cause downstream processing problems and is a particular issue when processing wheat. The results of this research demonstrated how such problems could be lessened through changes to the cooking temperature. The second part of this research explored the optimisation of alcohol yield from Kipling, a “poor” quality variety of distilling wheat, through the use of commercial enzymes. A range of enzyme preparations were compared. Results demonstrated that some of these preparations have potential to increase the amount of alcohol that can be obtained from this wheat variety. However, results showed that optimum yields would only be achieved under controlled cooking temperatures.     

氮素营养对小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质及组分含量的影响注

研究了不同旋氮量和施氮时期对小麦籽粒蛋白质及组合含量和产量的影响,试验结果表明,随施氮时期后移,小麦籽粒蛋白质及不同组分含量呈递增趋势,其中谷蛋白手清蛋白含量随施氮期推迟而递增,以孕穗期施氮达最高,醇溶蛋白和球蛋白含量以拔节期施氮为最高,随施氮量增加,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量明显提高,二者呈显著正相关,施氮量与籽粒产量和蛋白质产量间呈二次曲线关系,籽料最高蛋白质产量施氮量高于其最高产量施氮量。     

氮素营养对小麦产量和籽粒蛋白质及组分含量的影响

研究了不同施氮量和施氮时期对小麦籽粒蛋白质及组分含量和产量的影响。试验结果表明 ,随施氮时期后移 ,小麦籽粒蛋白质及不同组分含量呈递增趋势 ,其中谷蛋白和清蛋白含量随施氮期推迟而递增 ,以孕穗期施氮达最高 ,醇溶蛋白和球蛋白含量以拔节期施氮为最高 ;随施氮量增加 ,小麦籽粒蛋白质含量明显提高 ,二者呈显著正相关。施氮量与籽粒产量和蛋白质产量间呈二次曲线关系 ,籽粒最高蛋白质产量施氮量高于其最高产量施氮量     

发酵小麦制酒精残渣中寡肽的抗氧化及免疫活性

研究从发酵小麦制酒精残渣中提取分离出的寡肽抗氧化和免疫活性。将112 只4 周龄雌性健康昆明小鼠随机分成14 组,基础对照组和实验1～6组饲喂正常基础料的同时分别灌胃生理盐水、低、中、高3 个剂量的寡肽（五肽和七肽）,高脂对照组和实验7～12组饲喂高脂料的同时分别灌胃生理盐水、低、中、高3 个剂量的寡肽（五肽和七肽）,连续灌胃28 d后,测定基础对照组和实验1～6组血清中丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）含量,肝匀浆中MDA含量、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、过氧化氢酶（catalase,CAT）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）活性,脾脏中淋巴T细胞CD3＋、CD4＋和CD8＋数量,测定基础对照组、高脂对照组和实验7～12组十二指肠、空肠和回肠中MDA含量、SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性。结果显示,与高脂对照组相比,灌胃寡肽后,血清、肝脏和肠道中MDA含量显著下降（P＜0.05）,SOD、CAT、GSH-Px活性显著升高（P＜0.05）,CD4＋/CD8＋显著升高（P＜0.05）。结果表明寡肽均具有体内抗氧化能力和免疫活性,而且能够清除高脂饮食带来的氧化损伤。     

种植密度和播期对周麦18碳氮转运、籽粒淀粉及蛋白质含量的影响

在大田条件下,研究了不同种植密度和播期对冬小麦品种周麦18干物质和氮素积累转运及其籽粒产量和品质的影响.结果表明,不同播期各密度处理开花期和成熟期单茎干物质和氮素积累量均随播种密度降低而增加(150×104株/hm2>225×104株/hm2>300×104株/hm2),晚播相应降低了单茎干物质和氮素积累量及穗部积累量.正常播期低密度(150×104株/hm2)和晚播中等密度(225×104株/hm2)提高了成熟期营养器官总的干物质和氮素积累量,增加了营养器官花前贮藏干物质总转运量及其对籽粒重的贡献率.正常播期中低密度(150×104株/hm2和225×104株/hm2)和晚播中高密度(225×104株/hm2和300×104株/hm2)处理相应提高了籽粒淀粉、蛋白质含量与产量及籽粒产量,保证了小麦籽粒产量和品质同步提高.因此,晚播小麦通过适当增加播种密度,可以改善植株的碳氮代谢状况,提高籽粒产量.本试验条件下,偏多穗型晚播小麦兼顾高产和优质的正常播期和晚播小麦适宜播种密度分别为:150～225×104株/hm2、225～300×104株/hm2.