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Junjie Yang Jian Pan Shuangjie Zhu Yingzi Zou 《International Journal of Food Properties》2013,16(7):1518-1528
In order to differentiate and characterize the cooked pork samples from three Chinese indigenous pig breeds (Anqingliubai, Wannanhua Pig, and Dingyuan Pig) and a typical hybrid pig breed Yorkshire×Large White×Duroc, the volatile flavor composition was determined for 32 monovarietal samples from these four pig varieties. A headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (headspace–solid-phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry) procedure was used to identify the volatile flavor compounds and detect the concentration of these compounds. One way analysis of variance, principal component analysis, and stepwise linear discriminant analysis were used to process data and to develop discriminant models. Principal component analysis described the correlation between samples (objects) and volatile flavor compounds (variables). The results of the principal component analysis show that the most important contributions to the differentiation of Anqingliubai cooked pork samples are undecanal and 2-undecenal. Hexadecanal and 2-decene-1-ol are the major contributions in Yorkshire×Large White×Duroc cooked pork samples. Benzaldehyde, hexanal, dodecanal, 1-octen-3-ol, and 1-octanolare strongly associated to Wannanhua pig cooked pork samples. Dingyuan pig cooked pork samples are most correlated with heptanal, octanal, 14-octadecenal, (E)-2-octenal, N-hexadcanoic acid, (E)-13-octadecenic acid 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2-ethylfuran and 2-butanone. Stepwise linear discriminant analysis was used for differentiation of cooked pork samples according to the varieties, resulting in a correct classification of 100%. 相似文献
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人体肠道内栖居着数以万亿计的微生物,这些微生物在繁衍的过程中逐渐达到种类和数量的平衡,而这种平衡与机体正常代谢密切相关.一旦肠道菌群结构发生失调,各种代谢类疾病便随之而来.益生菌在肠道内的大量繁衍,可调节紊乱的肠道菌群结构并提高机体的免疫能力,进而帮助恢复健康水平.近年来,国际上科学研究的热点逐渐集中于益生菌对肠道菌群的影响以及肠道菌群和疾病的关系.本文概述国内外有关益生菌影响肠道菌群的研究现状.以1株具有完全自主知识产权并且已成功实施产业化应用的益生菌菌株——Lactobacillus casei Zhang为例,详实说明益生菌对人肠道菌群的影响.在此基础上提出本学科现存的若干研究瓶颈及今后的发展方向. 相似文献
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Hilary RC Kelly Helen M Browning Jon EL Day Anne Martins Gareth P Pearce Christopher Stopes Sandra A Edwards 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2007,87(15):2794-2800
BACKGROUND: There is a need for information on the performance and carcass quality of pigs under different organic management systems. This study compared Duroc‐sired progeny from three maternal breed types when kept either at pasture or in housing with an outdoor run and offered ad libitum concentrate either alone or with fodder beet or grass/clover silage as additional forage. RESULTS: Liveweight gain, feed intake and the proportion of forages consumed did not differ between genotypes. Carcass fatness of progeny was lowest for a ‘modern’ genotype (Camborough 12) and highest for a ‘traditional’ purebred genotype (Saddleback), with a ‘crossbred traditional’ genotype (Saddleback × Duroc) being intermediate (11.4, 14.3 and 13.4 mm P2 respectively, standard error of mean (SEM) 0.27, P < 0.001). With a cereal‐based concentrate available ad libitum, intake of forages was low (<2% of dry matter intake). Although growth rate did not differ between housing systems, daily feed intake was greater at pasture (2.47 vs 2.22 kg meal equivalent, SEM 0.05, P < 0.001), giving poorer feed efficiency (P < 0.01). Pastured animals consumed less additional forage and had a higher killing‐out % but similar carcass fatness. CONCLUSION: For organic pig production to be financially sustainable, disadvantages arising from the genotype and/or rearing system chosen need to be offset by a market premium for the pigs produced. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Yuyuan Li Shangqin Long Qiaochu Liu Hong Ma Jianxin Li Wei Xiaoqing Jieli Yuan Ming Li Binbin Hou 《Food Science & Nutrition》2020,8(8):4388-4398
Constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders accompanied with intestinal dysbiosis. Laxatives for constipation usually have side effects. Bee honey is a natural food with unique composition, antimicrobial properties, and bifidogenic effect. In order to assess whether honey can ameliorate loperamide‐induced constipation in BALB/c mice through the alteration of the gut microbiota, the present study was undertaken. Mice were given Jarrah honey (7.5 g/kg body weight) by gavage once per day for 5 days. Fecal water content, intestinal transit rate together with the colon concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) were evaluated. Furthermore, we determined the effect of honey treatment on gut microbiota in mice using stool genomic 16S rRNA sequencing. As a result, honey showed an obvious improvement in fecal water content and alleviated constipation by modulating the microbial composition of the microbiota, and this was highly associated with a proportional decrease in gut Desulfovibrio. In addition, we found that the colon level of neurotransmitters SP and VIP was significantly related to microbial variations. Our results indicate that gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide‐induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice, and it could be considered as an evaluating parameter in constipation therapy strategies. 相似文献
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Yangyang Liu Heng Zhang Aowen Xie Jingzhou Sun Huiqing Yang Jinshan Li Yingjun Li Fei Chen Yuxia Mei Yunxiang Liang 《Molecular nutrition & food research》2023,67(11):2200340
Scope
Changes in composition of intestinal microbes may disrupt the balance of their interaction with a susceptible host, resulting in development of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods and results
The study applied in combination two Lactobacillus strains (L. rhamnosus BY-02, L. plantarum BY-05) (“LS treatment”), previously isolates from feces of healthy human infants, in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, and evaluates their ameliorative effect and its possible mechanism. LS treatment suppresses weight loss and colon shortening, and reduces disease activity index in the mice. It also has several additional beneficial effects: i) maintains goblet cell numbers and ameliorates intestinal barrier damage in colonic tissue; ii) alters intestinal microbial composition close to normal by increasing abundances of Muribaculaceae, Akkermansia, Clostridia, Oscillospiraceae, and Lachnospiraceae, and decreasing abundance of Escherichia-Shigella; iii) increases content of short-chain fatty acids; iv) reduces content of pro-inflammatory lipopolysaccharides; v) suppresses overactivation of TLR4/NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway.Conclusion
Combination treatment with two Lactobacillus strains strongly ameliorates colitis symptoms in the mouse model by favorably altering intestinal microbial composition and suppressing inflammatory response. 相似文献7.
Guiming Fu Kui Zhao Hui Chen Yuanyuan Wang Lijuan Nie Hua Wei Cuixiang Wan 《Journal of dairy science》2019,102(3):1943-1958
Milk is one of the earliest and most common allergen sources in the world, with β-lactoglobulin representing a major allergen protein. Numerous studies have reported that probiotics exert antiallergic and anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we examined the effects of 3 strains of Lactobacillus on immunomodulatory functions, intestinal barrier functions, and intestinal microbiota through a β-lactoglobulin–induced allergic mouse model. We found that the oral administration of Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG suppressed allergic response, attenuating serum IgE and relieving anaphylaxis symptoms. The 3 strains of Lactobacillus could induce T helper (Th) 1 or T regulatory cells to differentiate to inhibit the Th2-biased response for regulating Th1/Th2 immune balance. Furthermore, L. plantarum ZDY2013 and L. rhamnosus GG enhanced intestinal barrier function through the regulation of tight junction. We also found that L. plantarum ZDY2013 and L. plantarum WLPL04 could regulate alterations in intestinal microbiota caused by allergies. In particular, Rikenella, Ruminiclostridium, and Lachnospiraceae UCG-006 were considerably reduced after treatment with L. plantarum ZDY2013 and L. plantarum WLPL04. These results suggested that 3 Lactobacillus strains may serve as an effective tool for the treatment of food allergies by regulating immune and gut microbiota. 相似文献
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采用高通量测序技术分析复合益生菌对昆明雄性小鼠肠道菌群的影响。利用0.9 mg/(g·d)青霉素钠灌胃建立肠道菌群失调小鼠模型。将50只小鼠随机分为5组:空白对照组、自然恢复组、复合菌液高、中、低3个剂量组(复合益生菌浓度分别为10~9、10~8、10~7 CFU/m L)。0.2 m L/(d·10 g)连续灌胃14 d后,收集小鼠粪便,采用高通量测序技术对各组小鼠粪便菌群进行分析。结果表明:复合菌液高剂量组小鼠肠道菌群物种多样性最高(ACE值为22 101.63和Chao1值为13 791.40),自然恢复组最低;另外,小鼠肠道中有益菌与致病菌比例在各组之间差异显著,复合菌液各剂量组中有益菌群的比例均大于自然恢复组,而致病菌比例最高的为自然恢复组(56.36%),因此复合菌液对小鼠的肠道菌群失调具有调节作用。 相似文献
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Xiaoya Shang Xiaoqin He Huan Liu Bingjie Wen Taicong Tan Chunlan Xu Weining Niu Yong Zhang 《Starch - St?rke》2020,72(11-12):1900073
Stachyose (STA) is extracted from sugar beet and is used as a functional food. In this study, the effects of STA on immunosuppressed mice with intestinal mucosal damage induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX) are investigated. STA treatment can improve the amount of the leukocyte in the blood, the bone marrow cell density, and natural killer (NK) cell activity in the immunosuppressed mice. Furthermore, in immunosuppressed mice, the balance of intestinal bacteria is broken and intestinal mucosal integrity is disrupted. After treatment with STA, the amount of Enterococcus (6.504 ± 0.70) decreases and Bifidobacterium (7.207 ± 0.14) in cecum increases significantly (p < 0.05). Compared with CTX group, the ratio of villous height and crypt depth (V/C) in ileum increases from 2.525 ± 0.10 to 4.891 ± 0.16 (p < 0.001), and in jejunum increases from 2.719 ± 0.03 to 5.827 ± 0.19 (p < 0.001). The expression level of IL-2 and IL-1β gene in the spleen, and IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha gene in the ileum in STA group significantly increases (p < 0.001) compared with the CTX group. In conclusion, STA is a potential prebiotic which exerts indirect and direct effects on the immune system and can counteract the side effects of CTX in the immunosuppressed mice. 相似文献
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Erna Sun Xiaomei Zhang Yifan Zhao Jinyu Li Jian Sun Zhishen Mu Ran Wang 《Journal of dairy science》2021,104(6):6389-6398
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common disease of the digestive system and probiotics have been reported to be effective in the treatment of functional gastrointestinal diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the beverage containing Lactobacillus paracasei LC-37 (LC-37) and its ability to relieve symptoms of FD by a randomized clinical trial. Due to the mechanistic complexity underlying FD, intestinal microbiota and stool metabolomes were also evaluated. The results showed that FD was relieved in participants after treatment with the beverage containing LC-37 for 14 and 28 d. The clinical symptom scores were significantly decreased after these times (abdominal pain and belching were significantly decreased after 14 d and almost absent after 28 d of treatment). Probiotics, such as those containing the Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, and Weissella, significantly increased, and the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Lachnocliostridium significantly decreased. Furthermore, relevant beneficial intestinal metabolites such as pelargonic acid, benzoic acid, and short-chain fatty acids increased, and harmful intestinal metabolites such as hippuric acid decreased. Taken together, these findings suggested that the beverages containing LC-37 can increase the abundance of probiotics and decrease pathogenic bacteria, and thereby improve beneficial intestinal metabolites. Therefore, the beverages containing LC-37 may provide a natural alternative to combat FD. 相似文献
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为了研究复合益生菌制剂对人体肠道菌群的调节作用,该实验招募到15名健康志愿者,连续服用4周的复合益生菌制剂。干预前后收集志愿者的粪便样品,通过16S rDNA扩增子测序技术分析干预前后粪便中肠道菌群组成的变化。其结果表明:复合益生菌制剂干预4周后,人体肠道菌群的Shannon指数和Evenness指数不变(p>0.05);在门水平上,厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度增加;在属水平上,除乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)和双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)的相对丰度增加以外,复合益生菌制剂干预对柯林斯菌属(Collinsella)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)、多尔氏菌属(Dorea)和真细菌属(Eubacterium)等肠道内产氢气细菌的相对丰度也产生影响。由此认为,该复合益生菌制剂具有调节肠道菌群组成的作用,能够提高肠道内一些有益菌的丰度。 相似文献
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该研究旨在探究膳食纤维复合体(Dietary Fiber Complex,DFC)对代表性人体肠道菌群及其代谢物的调节。采集10位65~75岁老年人的粪便,分性别开展DFC干预的体外发酵实验。结果发现,2%添加量的DFC组干预效果最好,其中女性组大肠杆菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属的相对表达量为对照组的52.76%、43.40%、249.79%和232.99%,男性组大肠杆菌属、拟杆菌属、双歧杆菌属和乳酸杆菌属的相对表达量为对照组的44.02%、53.14%、228.71%和206.11%。显著差异的肠道菌群代谢物中,女性组的异丁酸、丙酸、甲酸相对丰度显著增加(P<0.01),蛋氨酸、组氨酸、β-葡萄糖、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸、丙三醇、天冬氨酸、精氨酸、1-甲基组氨酸的相对丰度显著减少(P<0.01),男性组的异丁酸、丙酸、丁酸盐、甲酸相对丰度显著增加(P<0.01),组氨酸、β-葡萄糖、苯丙氨酸、苏氨酸和天冬氨酸相对丰度显著减少(P<0.01),二者潜在的代谢途径都为组氨酸代谢与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成。研究结果表明DFC对人体肠道菌群及代谢物的调节作用明显,且在不同性别上潜在的代谢途径变化一致。 相似文献
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油脂是人体最主要的营养物质之一,其消化吸收主要发生在肠道,而肠道内存在种类繁多的菌群,可以直接参与人体的消化吸收、脂质代谢、能量供应等。油脂的消化吸收可能与多种代谢紊乱和肠道疾病、糖尿病、肥胖等慢性疾病存在联系,而食用油脂摄入不平衡会影响肠道菌群组成和代谢,破坏肠道稳态,进而可能导致上述疾病的发生。综述了油脂的脂肪酸组成、功能性伴随成分及其对人体健康的影响,分析了近年来油脂对肠道菌群组成及其代谢产物影响的研究,并对未来的研究方向进行了展望,这对进一步开展油脂营养特性及其对肠道健康影响的研究以及合理膳食保障人体健康具有积极意义。 相似文献
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Tea polyphenols (TP) are the main components in tea. Studies in vitro have shown they have significant biological activity; however, the results are inconsistent with experiments in vivo. For the low bioavailability, most TP are thought to remain in the gut and metabolized by intestinal bacteria. In the gut, the unabsorbed TP are metabolized to a variety of derivative products by intestinal flora, which may accumulate to exert beneficial effects. Numerous studies have shown that TP can inhibit obesity and its related metabolism disorders effectively. Meanwhile, it has demonstrated that TP and their derivatives may modulate intestinal micro-ecology. The understanding of the interaction between TP and intestinal microbiota will allow us to better evaluate the contribution of microbial metabolites of TP to anti-obesity activity. This review showed implications for the use of TP as functional food with potential therapeutic utility against obesity by modulating intestinal microbiota, contributing to the improvement of human health. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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目的 研究食品添加剂叔丁基对苯二酚(tert-butylhydroquinone, TBHQ)对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。方法 BALB/c小鼠随机分为空白对照组和TBHQ处理组, 分别饮用纯水和TBHQ溶液(200 mg/L)。干预5周后, 利用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)测定小鼠血液样本炎症因子水平; 收集两组小鼠的粪便, 利用16S rDNA扩增子高通量测序分析肠道微生物群落结构和组成变化, 判断TBHQ对肠道菌群的影响。结果 与对照组相比, TBHQ处理显著降低了小鼠肠道疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、阿克曼氏菌(Akkermansia)、瘤胃球菌属(Ruminococcus)等菌的相对丰度, 提高了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、毛罗菌属(Lachnospira)、螺杆菌属(Helicobacter)等微生物的相对丰度。结论 本研究剂量TBHQ显著影响了小鼠的肠道菌群组成, 该变化对机体健康的影响有待进一步研究。 相似文献
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为深入了解猪肉脂肪酸组成,提高猪肉营养品质、促进优良猪种资源的保护和开发提供科学依据。采用气相色谱法测定猪肉脂肪酸组成,比较了10个猪种肌肉内15项脂肪酸、饱和与不饱和脂肪酸、必需脂肪酸的相对含量,并对脂肪酸组成指标进行因子分析和系统聚类分析。饱和脂肪酸中,南阳黑猪肌肉中棕榈酸相对含量最高(31.45%),滇南小耳猪肌肉的硬脂酸相对含量最高(17.79%),单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸相对含量最高的猪种分别为撒坝猪(49.02%)和南阳黑猪(25.55%)。主成分分析获得的前5个主成分可以解释全部变异的92.709%,基于主成分值的UPGMA聚类图将10个猪种归为六大类。动物脂肪酸组成受不同品种影响,中国地方猪种与国外猪种猪肉脂肪酸构成和相对含量呈现不同程度的差异。仅以猪肉脂肪酸的构成及营养价值的角度来衡量,中国地方猪种南阳黑猪猪肉在10个猪种中品质更优。 相似文献
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作者探讨了包含动物双歧杆菌乳亚种XLTG11、植物乳植杆菌CCFM8661、副干酪乳酪杆菌Glory LP16和鼠李糖乳酪杆菌Glory LG12的复合乳酸菌粉对小鼠肠道菌群的影响。将48只BALB/c小鼠适应性喂养7 d后,随机分成阴性对照组、复合乳酸菌低剂量组、复合乳酸菌中剂量组、复合乳酸菌高剂量组,其中阴性对照组小鼠灌胃等体积的生理盐水,受试组每只分别灌胃5×106、5×107、5×108CFU的复合乳酸菌粉。灌胃14 d后,测定小鼠体质量、肠道菌群结构、组织病理变化、肠道屏障功能、肠道通透性和短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)浓度。结果表明,与对照组相比,复合乳酸菌喂养可以显著提高小鼠体质量;粪便中乳杆菌、双歧杆菌等有益菌的数量显著增加,产气荚膜梭菌的数量显著下降;SCFAs的浓度明显提高,并伴随着LPS和D-乳糖的显著下降。总体来说,复合乳酸菌粉对调节小鼠肠道菌群具有显著改善作用。 相似文献