小尺度圆柱涡流发生器的传热与流动特性

应用大涡模拟对设置小尺度圆柱涡流发生器矩形槽道底面的流动与传热特性进行研究,小尺度圆柱涡流发生器置于湍流边界层内。分析不同间隙比对槽道流动结构、槽道底面Nusselt数、摩擦因数以及综合性能系数的影响。此外,采用大涡模拟所得槽道计算结果与前人直接数值模拟结果一致性很好,验证所采用数值方法的准确性与可靠性。研究结果表明,与未设置小尺度圆柱涡流发生器的矩形槽道相比,设置小尺度圆柱涡流发生器槽道底面的换热性能可以得到显著提高,同时其流动阻力的增加亦得到有效抑制。当间隙比为2.0时,槽道底面换热性能最佳,其Nusselt数可提高18.76%;而当间隙比为0.5时,槽道底面减阻效果最佳,摩擦因数可减小3.77%。     

湍流边界层内钝体扰流的流动与传热特性

应用大涡模拟方法对小尺度开缝圆柱涡流发生器强化传热和流动减阻的机理进行研究。水平开缝圆柱置于充分发展湍流边界层内,分析不同间隙比对开缝圆柱尾流、湍流边界层拟序结构以及槽道底面流动与换热特性的影响。为验证所采用数值方法的准确性与可靠性,将矩形空槽道的计算结果与前人直接数值模拟结果及与采用相关准则关系式所得结果进行对比。计算结果表明：湍流边界层内钝体扰流的尾迹流与壁面边界层的相互作用能够显著提高槽道的换热性能。与未开缝的基准圆柱相比,间隙比小于2.0时,开缝圆柱通道的整体热性能较好;间隙比为2.0时,其综合性能系数最大;间隙比大于2.0时,整体热性能较差。与矩形空槽道相比,最大努塞尔数可提高17.45%,最小摩擦因数可减小4.94%。     

斜截椭圆柱式涡流发生器强化传热的大涡模拟

对流体在放置斜截椭圆柱式涡流发生器矩形槽道内的流动与传热特性进行大涡模拟,得出流场中速度、温度与压力参数的瞬态变化特性,再现温度场、压力场及诱导旋涡的变化过程,并对流动结构及涡流发生器强化传热的机理进行分析。为验证大涡模拟计算结果的准确性,在相同条件下对未布置涡流发生器的空槽道分别采用湍流模型和大涡模拟进行对比计算,两者的计算结果符合较好。计算结果表明：流场中布置的涡流发生器可以诱导漩涡,而由其所诱导的流向涡对强化传热起主要作用。与相同条件下未布置涡流发生器的情况相比,局部对流换热系数可提高64%～105%,平均对流换热系数则可提高17%～36%;涡流发生器附近位置的对流换热系数提高幅度最大,传热面附近流体的流动状况及流动结构与传热密切相关。     

新型螺旋板式换热器及其传热特性研究

为提高螺旋板板式换热器的传热效率,提出了一种新型高效的缩放板螺旋板式换热器,并运用FLUENT软件对普通螺旋板式换热器和缩放板螺旋板式换热器进行传热数值模拟对比,分析不同雷诺数条件下换热器传热影响因子、阻力影响因子以及综合性能评价系数的变化规律,研究结果表明,Re在3143到157143的范围内,传热影响因子随着Re数...     

三角形与梯形凹槽微通道流动换热特性试验研究

为研究壁面凹槽对微通道热沉流动和传热性能的影响，设计了两种侧壁具有不同凹槽结构的微通道热沉模型，以去离子水作为流体介质展开试验，并通过综合进出口压降、摩擦因子、加热面温度、努塞尔数和综合传热因子评价侧壁凹槽结构对流动换热特性的影响。结果表明，当凹槽开口长度同为1 mm、开口倾角同为25°时，三角形凹槽微通道的压降相对于梯形凹槽最高提高了9.36%；当加热功率同为240 W、入口温度同为20℃时，三角形凹槽微通道散热能力始终大于梯形凹槽微通道；当通道内雷诺数处于试验设定的500～3 500区间时，三角形凹槽微通道的流动与传热综合性能始终优于梯形凹槽微通道；设计微通道热沉侧壁凹槽结构应优先考虑三角形凹槽结构。     

斜截半椭圆柱面涡流发生器强化换热和压降特性的试验研究

在矩形通道内布置一对斜截半椭圆柱面涡流发生器(高宽比h/b=1/2),通过改变斜边倾角α、来流攻角β、前沿间距S、布置方式以及顺列、错列两排涡流发生器研究不同工况下的换热和压降特性.试验雷诺数范围为Re=700～26 800.结果表明,在试验条件下α=12°时的换热效果要好于α=20°,Re=1 300时两者的最高局部对流换热系数分别比平直通道高19.7%和10.7%,Re=26 800时分别为23.2%和18.33%.斜截半椭圆柱面涡流发生器(α=12°)的最优攻角为β=60°,最优前沿间距为S= 20 mm.当Re=26 800,β=60°,S=20 mm时的最高局部对流换热系数约比平直通道高23.2%,压力损失约比平直通道高33.7%.雷诺数较小时,由于回流滞止区的影响,布置两排涡流发生器后,换热效果反而弱于单排.随着雷诺数增大到4 000,双排涡流发生器的换热效果要明显优于单排,Re=26 800时,最高局部对流换热系数约比单排涡流发生器高14.4%,比平直通道高33.4%.通过试验得出斜截半椭圆柱面涡流发生器在β=60°,α=12°时的涡旋作用距离大约在250～300 mm.     

三种管壳式换热器传热与流阻性能对比实验研究

弓形折流板换热器壳程流体横向冲刷换热管时存在流动阻力大和传热死区大等缺点,折流杆换热器壳程流体纵向流动,但当壳程流体雷诺数Re较小时传热性能不佳。为克服上述缺点,研究开发了一种新型高效节能的斜向流管壳式换热器,该换热器壳程流体总体呈纵向流动,局部区域流体倾斜冲刷换热管束。对斜向流换热器与折流板换热器和折流杆换热器传热与流阻性能的对比实验研究表明,在同等壳程流体流量下,斜向流管壳式换热器的传热系数、压降和综合性能均介于折流板换热器与折流杆换热器之间。研究结果为管壳式换热器升级换代提供了一种新技术和新装备,也为热力系统中换热器选型和结构优化设计提供了重要依据。     

整体翅片叉排热管散热器的传热特性研究

针对三维坐标系下,整体翅片叉排热管散热器的流动和传热特性进行数值模拟研究.分析了四个主要影响因素:翅片间距、翅片厚度、排间距和管排布对努塞尔数、流动摩擦因数和热阻的影响.管排布分别为4-3叉排和3-2叉排,翅片间距分别为6mm、7mm和8mm,翅片厚度分别为0.8mm、1mm和1.2mm,排间距分别为20mm、24mm和28mm.计算结果表明:随着翅片厚度的增加,摩擦因数减小,换热能力增强,热阻有所上升;随着翅片间距的增大,摩擦因数增大,换热能力提高,而热阻基本为增加趋势;当热管排列方式从4-3叉排变为3-2叉排后,摩擦因数增加,但Re较大时,摩擦因数趋于相同,换热能力明显下降,但热阻呈下降趋势.     

正弦波纹流道中流体流动和传热特性研究

采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,研究了一定雷诺数范围内(50≤Re≤200),正弦波纹流道内的流体充分发展的层流流动和传热性能。比较了不同结构的正弦波纹流道的阻力因子ef、传热因子eNu和能效因子e的值,研究结果表明,正弦波纹流道的波纹波幅对于流体流动和传热性能的影响较大。分析了波纹流道中垂直于主流方向特殊横截面上的流体速度矢量图和温度等值线图,研究结果表明,波纹流道的弯曲壁面使得流体在流道中垂直于主流方向的截面上产生二次流,二次流的出现增强了流道中心流体和近壁处流体的混合和传热,传热性能提高的同时阻力增加。     

颗粒填充平行平板间流动与换热的边壁效应试验研究

考察了平行平板间流动与换热的边壁效应影响,测量了颗粒填充通道壁面温度分布,从而明确了板面开槽对流动和传热的作用机制。相同雷诺数的槽板平均表面换热系数是平板的2~3倍,同时减小了流动阻力。试验结果说明,开槽宽度与颗粒直径之间存在最佳组合。这为开发新型高效填充结构换热器提供了基础性的试验数据。     

A numerical study of impingement heat transfer in a confined circular jet

Heat transfer characteristics of a submerged circular jet impingement with a confined plate was studied numerically. The continuity, momentum and energy equations were solved simultaneously. FIDAP, a finite element code, was used to formulate and solve the matrix equations for fluid elements. The effects of channel height and Reynolds number on the local Nusselt number were considered in the range of H=0.5–1.5 and Re=100–900, respectively. It was found that the channel height influenced strongly on the surface temperature, shear stress and pressure drop. The peak temperature was observed and gradually moved outward to the rim of the heated circular plate with increasing the Reynolds number, which may be related to flow recirculation region in the channel. It is also noted that the pressure drop increased more than the average heat transfer coefficient as the Reynolds number increased. For Pr=7, the Nusselt number was much more dependent on the Reynolds number than the channel height, and the magnitude of the second peak in the Nusselt number distribution increased as the Reynolds number increased. The local Nusselt number calculated based on a mixing-cup temperature was considerably different from that using the inlet nozzle temperature for H=0.5 and Re=100. The present study showed that the local Nusselt number of a confined submerged jet was significantly larger than that of the unconfined free jet which was available in the literature.     

Influence of an aspect ratio of rectangular channel on the cooling performance of a multichip module

Experiments were performed by using PF-5060 and water to investigate the influence of an aspect ratio of a horizontal rectangular channel on the cooling characteristics from an in-line 6×1 array of discrete heat sources which were flush mounted on the top wall of the channel. The experimental parameters were aspect ratio of rectangular channel, heat flux of simulated VLSI chip, and channel Reynolds number. The chip surface temperatures decreased with the aspect ratio at the first and sixth rows, and decreased more rapidly at a high heat flux than at a low heat flux. The measured friction factors at each aspect ratio for both water and PF-5060 gave a good agreement with the values predicted by the modified Blasius equation within ±7%. The Nusselt number increased as the aspect ratio decreased, but the increasing rate of Nusselt number reduced as the aspect ratio decreased. A 5∶1 rectangular channel yields the most efficient cooling performance when the heat transfer and pressure drop in the test section were considered simultaneously.     

Effect of guide wall on jet impingement cooling in blade leading edge channel

The characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer, which are affected by the guide wall in a jet impinged leading edge channel, have been investigated numerically using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes analysis via the shear stress transport turbulence model and gamma theta transitional turbulence model. A constant wall heat flux condition has been applied to the leading edge surface. The jet-to-surface distance is constant, which is three times that of the jet diameter. The arrangement of the guide wall near the jet hole is set as a variable. Results presented in this study include the Nusselt number contour, velocity vector, streamline with velocity, and local Nusselt number distribution along the central line on the leading edge surface. The average Nusselt number and average pressure loss between jet nozzle and channel exit are calculated to assess the thermal performance. The application of the guide wall is aimed at improving heat transfer uniformity on the leading edge surface. Results indicated that the streamwise guide wall ensures the vertical jet impingement flow intensity and prevents the flow after impingement to reflux into jet flow. Thus, a combined rectangular guide wall benefits the average heat transfer, thermal performance and heat transfer distribution uniformity.     

An experimental approach to turbulent heat transfer using a symmetric expanded plane channel

The flow in a symmetric expansion plane channel is known to deflect to one side of a channel even at a low Reynolds number due to the Coanda effect. Details of flow structure have been investigated by various authors; however, there have been a few works conducted in the area of on heat transfer. This paper presents experimental results of turbulent heat transfer in separated and reattached flows in a symmetric expansion plane channel. Experiments were conducted using a low-speed open-circuit wind tunnel. The step H was 20 mm high and 200 mm wide, with an expansion ratio of 2.0. The Reynolds number based on the uniform flow velocity at step and H was varied from 5,000 to 35,000, respectively. The mean and turbulent fluctuating velocities were measured using mainly two types of split film probe. A cold single wire probe was used for measuring the mean and turbulent fluctuating temperatures. It was found that the local Nusselt number profile was considerably different on the upper and lower walls due to the Coanda effect, which is was caused by instability between the upper and lower separated shear layers. Empirical formulae for the maximum Nusselt number in the reattachment region are hereby proposed for the upper and lower walls, respectively. The two formulae are well correlated with the previous general formula proposed. The location of maximum Nusselt number is found to be very close to the flow reattachment point. Details of the velocity and temperature fields were clarified and their correlations with the heat transfer characteristics described above investigated. Furthermore, the wavelet transformation methodology was employed to study instantaneous flow and temperature behaviors, which exhibited its usefulness in the study of the present complicated flow and temperature fields.     

Analysis of mixed convection in an inclined lid-driven cavity with a wavy wall

A numerical study is performed to analyze the mixed convection flow and heat transfer in a lid-driven cavity with sinusoidal wavy bottom surface. The cavity vertical walls are insulated while the wavy bottom surface is maintained at a uniform temperature higher than the top lid. A finite volume method is used to solve numerically the non-dimensional governing equations. The tests were carried out for various inclination angles ranging to 0° from 180° and number of undulation varied from 4 to 6, while the Prandtl number was kept constant Pr = 0.71. Three geometrical configurations were used namely four, five and six. The distributions of streamlines and isotherms, and the variations of local and average Nusselt numbers with the inclination angle are presented. The results of this investigation illustrate that the average Nusselt number at the heated surface increases with an increase of the number of undulations as well as the angle of inclination.     

Effect of channel and plenum aspect ratios on the performance of microchannel heat sink under different flow arrangements

Microchannels based heat sinks are considered as potential thermal management solution for electronic devices. The overall thermal performance of a microchannel heat sink depends on the flow characteristics within microchannels as well as within the inlet and outlet plenum and these flow phenomena are influenced by channel aspect ratio, plenum aspect ratio and flow arrangements at the inlet and outlet plenums. In the present research work an experimental investigation has been carried out to understand how the heat transfer and pressure drop attributes vary with different plenum aspect ratio and channel aspect ratio under different flow arrangements. For this purpose microchannel test pieces with two channel aspect ratios, 4.72 and 7.57 and three plenum aspect ratios, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.75 have been tested under three flow arrangements, namely U-, S- and P-types. Test runs were performed by maintaining three constant heat inputs, 125 W, 225 W and 375 W in the range 224.3 ?? R_e ?? 1121.7. Reduction in channel width (increase in aspect ratio, defined as depth to width of channel) in the present case has shown about 126 to 165% increase in Nusselt number, whereas increase in plenum length (reduction in plenum aspect ratio defined as width to length of plenum) has resulted in 18 to 26% increase in Nusselt number.     

Effect of thermal radiation on convection heat transfer in cooling channel of photovoltaic thermal system

The effect of thermal radiation on convection heat transfer in flat-box type cooling channel of photovoltaic thermal system with tilt angle of 30 degree was studied by 3D numerical simulation under constant heat flux boundary condition. The temperature contours and velocity fields of fluid near the outlet were obtained. The variations of wall temperature and convection Nusselt number along flow direction for all the separate walls composing the cooling channel were compared and analyzed. The results show that due to thermal radiation, the deflection of the maximum velocity region to heated top wall, together with the asymmetry of temperature field is weakened. For natural convection, radiation promotes the formation of multi-vortices. For mixed convection, heat transfer on all the cooling channel walls is enhanced under the condition of lower heat flux while heat transfer on heated top wall is deteriorated when the heat flux is relative high. Also, pressure re-rising is promoted by thermal radiation.     

The effects of the compressibility of the subsonic flow on heat transfer characteristics in a microscale impinging slot jet

We experimentally investigated the effects of both the compressibility and nozzle width on the local heat transfer distribution of microscale unconfmed slot jets impinging on a uniformly heated flat plate. We made heat transfer measurements under the following experimental conditions; Reynolds numbers of Re = 4000~10000, Mach numbers of Ma = 0.13~0.68, nozzle-to-plate distances of H/B = 3~25, lateral distances of x/B = 0~25, and nozzle widths of B = 300~700 μm having a nozzle aspect ratio of y/B = 30. A thermal infrared imaging technique was used to measure the impingement plate temperature. The experimental results show that for all tested Re and H/B values at a nozzle width of B = 300 μm, the Nusselt number maximum occurred nearly at the stagnation point and then monotonically decreased along the downstream. However, at B = 500 and 700 μm, the maximum Nusselt number point shifted toward x/B ≈ 1.5~2.0. And the Nusselt number increased, as x/B increased, from the stagnation point to the shifted maximum point and monotonically decreased afterward. This shifted maximum point may be attributable to vortex rings promoting sudden flow acceleration and entrainment of surrounding air moving along the jet axis. For the same Reynolds number, the Nusselt number in the stagnation region increased as the nozzle width increased due to a momentum increase of the jet flow caused by the formation of vortices. And, the Nusselt numbers for the smallest nozzle width of B = 300 μm (or highest Mach number at a given Reynolds number) at all H/B and Reynolds numbers tested significantly deviated from those for B = 500 and 700 μm in the downstream region corresponding to x/B > 5, suggesting that the compressibility, when it is high, can affect the heat transfer in the downstream region.

     

Non-absorbable gas effects on heat and mass transfer in falling film absorption

Film absorption involves simultaneous heat and mass transfer in the gas-liquid system. While the non-absorbable gas does not participate directly in the absorption process, its presence does affect the overall heat and mass transfer. An experimental study was performed to investigate the heat and mass transfer characteristics of LiBr-H₂O solution flowing over 6-row horizontal tubes with the water vapor absorption in the presence of non-absorbable gases. The volumetric concentration of non-absorbable gas. air, was varied from 0.17 to 10.0%. The combined effects of the solution flow rate and its concentration on the heat and mass transfer coefficients were also examined. The presence of 2% volumetric concentration of air resulted in a 25% reduction in the Nusselt number and 41% reduction in the Sherwood number. Optimum film Reynolds number was found to exist at which the heat and mass transfer reach their maximum value independent of air contents. Reduced Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, defined as the ratio of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers at given non-absorbable gas content to that with pure water vapor, were correlated to account for the reduction in the heat and mass transfer due to non-absorbable gases in a falling film absorption process.