前混合水射流多弹丸喷丸模型及残余应力场的数值模拟

针对前混合水射流的液固湍动特性与喷丸过程多重非线性耦合作用行为,提供一种射流喷丸强化残余应力场的有限元分析法。采用液固两相流动理论与计算流体动力学方法分析喷嘴内流特性,建立射流多弹丸喷丸模型;基于弹丸速度冲击载荷加载制度,利用多线性各向同性强化弹塑性模型,应用动态接触对称罚函数法,运用ABAQUS软件模拟不同弹丸数量作用下射流喷丸在45钢材料表层产生的残余应力场,获得残余应力场的分布规律及残余应力沿深度的变化规律;得出射流喷嘴内流呈均质流流型,不同弹丸数量射流喷丸在材料表层产生的径向残余应力沿深度的变化规律相同,但在材料表面产生的径向残余压应力值受喷丸模型影响较大,对弹丸分三层排列、相邻弹丸之间径向和周向中心距离均为弹丸半径的多弹丸喷丸模型,数值模拟获得的表面径向残余压应力值与射流喷丸试验数据基本吻合。     

齿轮表面的喷丸强化技术

喷丸强化是一种受控喷丸技术,不同于喷丸清理。喷丸清理以去除工件表面油污、氧化皮、锈蚀和机械加工毛刺为目的。齿轮表面的喷丸强化主要是借助于高速运动的弹丸冲击零件的表面,     

基于FEM-DEM耦合的大规模喷丸速度分布仿真研究

通过研究大规模喷丸仿真中的弹丸速度问题发现，弹丸之间由于相互碰撞影响，导致弹丸撞击到金属表面时的速度是不一致的，且弹丸束内部和外部的弹丸分布也是不一致的，因此现阶段的弹丸速度测量方法具有一定的局限性。针对这一现象，基于FEM-DEM耦合模型，采用直接模拟大规模喷丸仿真的方法，得出了大规模喷丸仿真问题中的弹丸速度和Almen强度的关系，对研究大规模喷丸仿真问题提供了一定的参考价值。     

喷丸工艺参数与齿轮表面粗糙度关联规律数值计算研究

喷丸强化除了会对齿轮表面的残余应力场产生影响外,还会改变齿轮表面粗糙度。齿轮齿根处与分度圆处的表面粗糙度会强烈影响其服役性能,因此,研究喷丸过程中齿轮表面粗糙度的演变过程十分必要。为此,建立随机丸粒有限元模型来模拟齿根处与分度圆附近区域的喷丸强化过程,提取冲击区域所有的离散数据用以计算表面粗糙度参数;数值模拟得到的结果与齿轮喷丸后的测试结果基本吻合;并研究了喷丸时间、弹丸大小、冲击速度对齿根处与分度圆附近表面粗糙度参数的影响,从而可以合理地选择喷丸工艺参数,以达到控制齿轮喷丸后表面粗糙度的目的。研究结果表明,在同样的喷丸工艺参数下,分度圆处表面粗糙度R_a值与R_z值明显小于齿根处;随着冲击速度及弹丸直径的增加,齿根处表面粗糙度R_a值、R_z值明显增加且弹丸直径对粗糙度参数的影响大于冲击速度;随着冲击速度及弹丸直径的增加,分度圆表面粗糙度R_a值、R_z值明显增加,R_(mr(-1))值减小,且弹丸直径对粗糙度参数的影响大于冲击速度。     

金属材料喷丸强化有限元模型的演变及展望

喷丸强化工艺是将金属或非金属弹丸高速撞击金属构件,使构件表面产生弹塑性变形的过程,这些变形在材料表层产生具有一定厚度的残余压应力层和组织强化层,从而使得构件材料表面得到强化,并最终显著提高构件的疲劳强度。介绍了喷丸强化工艺的基本原理、特点和相关工艺参数,对有限元分析模型:包括弹丸数量、弹丸分布规律和靶材模型的简化程度等几个方面的演变情况进行了分类归纳和比较,总结了喷丸强化工艺参数对残余应力场的影响规律,对未来喷丸强化机理的研究工作进行了展望。     

喷丸强化对新型7055-T7751铝合金疲劳性能的影响

对7055-T7751新型铝合金表面进行了陶瓷丸喷丸强化处理,采用X射线衍射仪、表面轮廓仪、扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计等研究了喷丸强度、喷丸覆盖率等工艺参数对铝合金表面残余应力场、表面粗糙度、表面损伤及表面加工硬化和疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:优化工艺参数下的喷丸强化能够显著提高该铝合金的疲劳性能,并不是喷丸强度或喷丸覆盖率越高强化效果越好,而是存在合理的喷丸强化参数范围,在优化条件下铝合金可以获得良好的综合表面完整性,疲劳断裂抗力最高;确定的优喷丸参数为喷丸强度0.15mm,覆盖率100%,以此参数强化处理的7055-T7751铝合金的疲劳寿命是基材的2.7倍。     

摩擦因数与弹丸形变对超声喷丸纯铜的影响研究

在已有的超声喷丸有限元模型中，绝大多数都忽略了弹丸的弹性、塑性变形对数值模拟结果的影响。同时，关于弹丸表面与受喷材料表面之间的摩擦因数对超声喷丸数值预测结果的影响规律，目前也鲜有报道。为此，以纯铜试样为研究对象，结合超声喷丸实验和数值模拟过程，研究了摩擦因数与弹丸形变对超声喷丸纯铜的影响规律。首先，基于ABAQUS平台建立了单丸粒超声喷丸三维有限元模型；然后，设计了单丸粒超声喷丸实验，依据实验条件分析了喷丸距离对速度的影响，将实验工况输入仿真模型，并分别从弹丸速度、凹坑形貌两方面比较了实验与仿真结果；最后，分别采用刚性丸、弹性丸、弹塑性丸，在摩擦因数为0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5的工况下，对纯铜试样进行了超声喷丸数值模拟，对受喷表面的形貌、残余应力进行了分析。研究结果表明：当弹丸与纯铜表面之间的摩擦因数大于0.2时，摩擦因数对超声喷丸纯铜形成的凹坑形貌和残余应力的影响不再显著；超声喷丸纯铜形成的凹坑尺寸、残余压应力深度、最大压应力和表面残余拉应力随弹丸与纯铜之间接触刚度的增大而增大。该研究结果对超声喷丸的数值建模具有重要的指导意义。     

喷丸对TC4钛合金残余压应力场及疲劳寿命的影响

研究了不同弹丸及喷丸参数对喷丸后TC4钛合金表面形貌、表面塑性变形程度、残余压应力场和疲劳寿命的影响。结果表明:与铸钢弹丸相比,陶瓷弹丸喷丸强化后TC4钛合金表面的起伏程度变化不大,但能有效地覆盖加工刀痕;随喷丸压力增大和喷丸时间延长,试样表面的累积塑性变形先快速增大后趋于饱和;当喷丸压力达到0.25 MPa、铸钢弹丸喷丸时间大于40 s或陶瓷弹丸喷丸时间大于80 s时,最大残余压应力可达到610 MPa,残余压应力场深度超过250μm;两种弹丸喷丸强化后,TC4钛合金的疲劳寿命分别可提高10倍和20倍以上。     

飞机起落架筒形零件喷丸强化工艺

介绍了飞机起落架筒形零件喷丸强化工艺过程。通过对弹丸规格、喷丸压力、弹丸流量等参数以及喷丸工艺过程的选择和控制，在达到喷丸强化效果的基础上，保证零件的尺寸精度，满足其使用功能。     

喷丸强化过程的有限元和离散元模拟

利用有限元法建立喷丸强化过程中单/多颗弹丸连续撞击靶材的数值分析模型,对于单弹丸撞击情况,探讨了弹丸参数(速度和角度)对靶材中残余应力场的影响,对于双弹丸连续撞击情况,探讨了第二颗弹丸速度对靶材中残余应力场的影响;建立了模拟喷丸强化过程的三维离散元模型并进行了数值试验研究,分析了喷丸强化过程的工艺参数(质量流速、初始速度、喷嘴攻角等)对颗粒流中弹丸间相互碰撞的影响;结合有限元和离散元计算结果,提出对喷丸强化工艺参数进行优化控制,提高喷丸强化的加工工艺水平,以实现更好的强化效果.     

高强度钢喷丸强化处理的试验研究

喷丸强化是一种以小而硬的弹丸连续高速撞击金属零件表面而进行的一种特殊加工方法,零件通过喷丸可以大大提高材料的疲劳性能和抵抗应力腐蚀的能力。针对某型飞机上的喷丸强化零件,选取材料牌号为16Co14Ni10Cr2Mo高强度钢为研究对象,对两种厚度的试样进行不同喷丸强度的喷丸强化,对不同喷丸强度的试样进行疲劳寿命和残余应力场对比分析。     

喷丸处理对汽车变速箱齿轮疲劳强度影响的研究

分析了汽车变速箱齿轮经喷丸处理后对疲劳强度的影响，通过喷丸强度试验，表面覆盖率试验确定了合理的喷丸处理工艺，通过疲劳试验，得出了喷丸处理对弯曲疲劳强度和接触疲劳强度的影响程度。结果表明：喷丸处理能极大地提高齿轮的疲劳强度，从而提高齿轮的使用寿命。     

Finite element analysis of shot-peening effect on fretting fatigue parameters

Shot peening is widely used to improve the fretting fatigue strength of critical surfaces. Fretting fatigue occurs in contacting parts that are subjected to fluctuating loads and sliding movements at the same time. This paper presents a sequential finite element simulation to investigate the shot peening effects on normal stress, shear stress, bulk stress and slip amplitude, which are considered to be the controlling parameters of fretting damage. The results demonstrated that among the modifications related to shot peening, compressive residual stress has a dominant effect on the fretting parameters.     

钛合金零件喷丸工艺及质量控制

目前,钛合金材料被广泛应用于国内航空工业中,但由于钛合金材料具有疲劳强度低、分散性大、硬度低及耐磨性能差等缺点,限制了其进一步应用。喷丸强化能够显著改善钛合金材料的抗疲劳性能,提高其微动疲劳抗力,从而可大幅提升钛合金零件的耐久性和可靠性。本文结合飞机起落架钛合金零件的喷丸强化实践,从材料和设备、制造过程以及维护质量3个方面进行控制,进一步保证了喷丸质量,提高了钛合金零件的使用寿命。     

Shot peening simulation based on SPH method

Shot peening is a complex surface-treating process which is usually employed to improve the fatigue strength of metallic part or members. In dealing with shot peening simulation, existing literatures apply finite element method (FEM) to establish only a single shot or several shots models, thus the effect of a mass of shots impacting repeatedly and the interaction among adjacent shots are ignored. To overcome these defects of FEM models, smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) coupled FEM modeling is presented, in which the shots are modeled by SPH particles and the target material is modeled by finite elements. Contact algorithm is used to simulate the interaction between shots and target. Utilizing this model, material model for shots is established, the relationships between compressive residual stress and peening frequencies, coverage, and velocities are analyzed. Steady compressive residual stress can be gotten by multiple peening; higher coverage can improve the compressive residual stress; faster velocities can induce greater and deeper maximum residual stress in target subsurface. The simulation results agree well with the existing experimental data. The study will not only provide a new powerful tool for the simulation of shot peening process, but also be benefit to optimize the operating parameters.     

Effect of shot peening on the fretting wear of Ti–6Al–4V

In this paper, we report on the fretting wear behaviour of polished and shot peened Ti–6Al–4V specimens. For fretting experiments, due to micro-displacements at the interface between two contacting surfaces, two types of damage can be observed: crack initiation and debris formation. Shot peening, which is already well known for improving fatigue resistance of titanium alloys, is shown to have a beneficial effect on the crack initiation and propagation under fretting wear loading, as cracks observed on specimens after cylinder-on-flat fretting tests are shorter in shot peened specimens than in polished ones. It is also demonstrated that shot peening decreases the friction coefficient only at the beginning of the test, as long as the asperities induced by shot peening are not worn-off. The effects of displacement amplitude, normal force and test duration on the wear volume have been investigated: in all cases, shot peening has no significant impact on the wear process. The same amount of debris are formed and ejected for both polished and shot peened specimens. Moreover, it is found that, for both types of specimens, the linear relation, developed for steels and hard coatings, between wear volume and cumulated dissipated energy is not valid in the present case as different wear volumes are measured for the same cumulated dissipated energy, depending on the experimental conditions (normal force, displacement amplitude). Using the test duration as the variable parameter, energy wear coefficients are calculated for different experimental conditions.     

喷丸强化残余应力对疲劳性能和变形控制影响研究进展

作为机械表面强化技术之一,喷丸强化使工件表层发生形变硬化,引入较高的残余压应力,减少了疲劳应力作用下微裂纹的萌生并抑制其扩展,从而显著提高零件的抗疲劳断裂和抗应力腐蚀开裂的能力。基于喷丸残余应力解析计算模型,从余弦函数模型、接触应力模型和球腔膨胀模型三个方面介绍喷丸强化残余应力的产生,进而对喷丸残余应力的仿真预测及影响规律进行论述。为了提高试件疲劳强度而引入的残余压应力会带来影响形位精度的变形,基于此阐述了喷丸残余应力对疲劳性能的影响及其在疲劳过程中的演化,同时论述了喷丸残余应力变形预测及控制的研究现状,最后对喷丸残余应力未来的研究内容与发展方向进行展望。     

Modification of fretting fatigue behavior of AL7075-T6 alloy by the application of titanium coating using IBED technique and shot peening

In this work, improvement in fretting fatigue life of AL7075-T6 has been investigated by titanium surface coating using ion-beam-enhanced deposition (IBED) technique and shot peening. From the experiments, the following conclusions were derived: (i) Shot peening increased the fretting fatigue life up to 350%. (ii) Titanium coating increased the fatigue life up to 100% with respect to virgin specimens for low working stresses, while it reduced the fatigue life at higher working stresses significantly. (iii) Titanium coating+shot peening increased the fatigue life up to 130% with respect to the virgin specimens for low working stresses, while it reduced the fatigue life at higher working stresses significantly. The highest and the lowest increase in coefficient of friction are obtained for virgin and shot-peened+titanium-coated specimens, respectively. IBED surface-modification technique is not successful in reducing fretting fatigue, except at low stresses.     

Numerical Calculation and Experimental Research on Residual Stresses in Precipitation-hardening Layer of NAK80 Steel for Shot Peening

Shot peening can improve fatigue strength of materials by creating compressive residual stress field in their surface layers,and offers a protection against crack initiation and propagation,corrosion,etc.And fatigue fracture and stress corrosion cracking of NAK80 steel parts are improved effectively.Currently there lacks in-depth research in which the beneficial effect of the residual stress may be offset by the surface damage associated with shot peening,especially in terms of the research on the effective control of shot peening intensity.In order to obtain the surface residual stress field of NAK80 steel after shot peening,the samples are shot peened by pneumatic shot peening machine with different rules.The residual stress in the precipitation-hardening layer of NAK80 steel is measured before and after a shot peening treatment by X-ray diffraction method.In order to obtain true residual stress field,integral compensation method is used to correct results.By setting up analytical model of the residual stress in the process of shot peening,the surface residual stress is calculated after shot peening,and mentioning the reason of errors occurred between calculated and experimental residual stresses,which is mainly caused by the measurement error of the shoot arc height.At the same time,micro hardness,microstructure and roughness in the precipitation-hardening layer of NAK80 steel before and after shot peening were measured and surveyed in order to obtain the relation between shot peening strength and surface quality in the precipitation-hardening layer.The results show that the surface quality of NAK80 steel is significantly improved by shot peening process.The over peening effect is produced when the shot peening intensity is too high,it is disadvantageous to improve sample’s surface integrity,and leading to reduce the fatigue life.When arc high value of optimal shot peening is 0.40 mm,the surface quality is the best,and the depth of residual stress in the precipitation-hardening layer reaches to about 450 μm.Numerical calculation is very useful to define the process parameters when a specific residual stress profile is intended,either to quantify the benefits on a specific property like fatigue life or to help on modeling a forming process like shot peen forming.In particular,the proposed parameter optimization in the progress of shot peening and effective control of the surface texture provide new rules for the quantitative evaluations of shot peening surface modification of NAK80 steel.     

喷丸表面改性技术的研究进展

喷丸具有操作简单、耗能少、效率高、适应面广等优点,是金属材料表面改性的有效方法。综述了喷丸表面改性技术的最新进展,介绍了利用微粒冲击和微粒镶嵌镀膜提高材料的耐磨性能、通过高能和超声喷丸实现金属表面纳米化及简化氮化工艺的研究结果,总结了喷丸力学分析的现状,提出在喷丸技术领域今后应加强材料力学性能的研究,获得能够直接服务于工艺的工程计算方法,以开拓新的应用领域。