基于Carsim的汽车ABS整车控制研究

采用基于参数化建模的Carsim软件建立汽车整车动力学仿真模型,运用汽车动力学理论,建立PID控制器模型,提出以滑移率为控制目标的ABS系统的控制仿真分析.以实际滑移率与期望滑移率的差值作为PID控制器的输入量,通过PID控制最终使汽车在最佳滑移率所对应的地面制动力下进行制动.搭建联合仿真模型,在不同的路面进行联合仿真分析,得到仿真曲线,验证PID控制器的合理性.     

汽车ABS控制算法设计与试验验证

为了有效验证整车ABS控制器实车匹配前的控制效果,通过Carsim动力学仿真软件建立整车的参数化模型,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了两种ABS控制策略,一种是自主开发的基于滑移率为主要控制目标、以车轮角速度为辅助控制目标的逻辑门限值ABS控制策略,另一种是实际当中常用的PID控制策略;将Carsim与Matlab/Simulink进行联合仿真,选取了对开路面紧急制动时仿真试验,逻辑门限值ABS控制策略明显优于PID控制策略;最后,选取同样工况进行硬件在环试验,结果证明了ABS逻辑门限值控制策略能够在实际控制过程中保证良好的制动效能及制动方向稳定性。     

基于EMB和路面自动识别的汽车ABS仿真

针对电子机械制动系统(EMB)车辆进行研究,给出了简化的车辆仿真模型和EMB制动器仿真模型,并结合路面识别技术为之设计了相应的ABS模糊PID控制器仿真模型.ABS制动控制器模型采用基于车轮最优滑移率的控制策略,最优滑移率由路面自动识别系统准实时的得出,ABS控制算法采用模糊PID控制,对EMB制动器进行滑移率S和制动压力F的闭环控制.仿真采用Matlab中的simulink工具箱建模,仿真结果证明路面识别系统能够正确识别路面并确定最优滑移率,基于EMB制动控制器的车辆的ABS控制器始终将制动过程滑移率控制在路面识别系统确定的最优滑移率附近.     

基于模糊PID控制的汽车ABS制动系统性能研究

车辆安装ABS装置可以有效提高运行的安全性和稳定性。在分析模糊PID控制原理的基础上,对模糊PID控制器进行了设计,给出了模糊PID控制器的仿真模型,对无ABS系统的高附着系数路面和有ABS系统的路面展开了仿真研究,研究结果得到:利用模糊PID控制可以使滑移率处于最佳滑移率范围,从而使地面制动力处于峰值附着力区域,有效缩短了制动距离;未装ABS系统的车辆进行高速制动时易发生车轮抱死问题,并且抱死时间随路面附着系数的减小而下降,装有ABS系统的车辆,其制动性能得到显著提升,制动距离与时间都获得大幅降低,同时也延迟了车轮的抱死时间。ABS系统在低附着路面上的作用要强于高附着地面,确保了车辆在低附着路面的制动安全。     

载重汽车ABS路面辨识算法研究

分析了汽车的制动动力学模型，提出了一种新的适用于载重车的ABS路面辨识算法。算法以车轮转速作为输入，计算出车轮的滑移率和车轮与地面的附着系数，将附着系数与同一滑移率下汽车与路面的理论附着系数进行对比，从而辨识出汽车行驶的路面。搭建了某载重车ABS测试控制系统，进行了道路试验。路试结果表明，该算法可以有效地识别出路面性质，使车轮在不抱死的情况下达到最佳的制动效果。     

汽车ABS模糊PID控制方法的仿真研究

以防抱死制动系统(ABS)滑移率为对象进行控制,根据ABS系统原理建立了ABS单车轮的仿真模型,并对基于滑移率的PID参数模糊自整定控制的汽车ABS系统进行了仿真与研究,仿真结果证明,把PID参数模糊自整定控制应用在ABS系统中能达到较好的控制效果.     

基于模糊PID的电动汽车电机制动ABS控制研究

针对电动汽车制动时车轮抱死的问题,利用电机制动的优势,设计出电机制动ABS控制系统。首先建立了无刷直流电机制动模型和车辆纵向动力学模型,然后基于模糊PID控制策略,以理想滑移率为控制目标,设计了电机制动ABS双闭环控制系统。在Matlab/Simulink中建立了仿真模型,仿真结果表明:控制系统能够实现控制滑移率的目标,系统响应迅速、精度高,且能够实现能量回收。搭建了模拟电机制动的硬件在环试验系统,对控制系统和仿真结果进行了验证。     

基于LADRC的电动汽车ABS控制系统的研究

对电动汽车再生制动过程中的防抱死控制方法进行研究,提出了通过调节驱动电机的电制动力来防止车轮抱死,即电气ABS。根据轮胎魔术公式和直流电机数学模型建立了1/4车辆动力学模型;使用二阶线性自抗扰控制器设计以最优滑移率为控制目标的电气ABS控制系统;采用免疫遗传算法获得线性自抗扰控制器的最佳参数。仿真结果表明:基于线性自抗扰控制的电气ABS对内部和外部扰动有很强的鲁棒性,具有良好的制动性能。     

基于MATLAB下的制动系统建模、仿真及ABS控制器设计

本文对某汽车ABS制动系统进行仿真建模,并对其进行单轮模型和分段线性的轮胎模型的建立;在Matlab环境下对ABS控制器进行设计和仿真分析;提出了一种门限值控制算法,对制动液压控制系统实现增压、保压、减压动作,使得汽车制动时的滑移率控制在一定范围内,以保证汽车的平稳制动.得出ABS控制下的滑移率时域结果图、车轮前进速度...     

基于等效滑移率变化率的汽车防抱制动系统模糊直接自适应控制

针对汽车防抱制动系统(Antilock brake system,ABS)车轮角减/加速度和滑移率逻辑门限值控制方法以及常规汽车ABS模糊控制方法的滑移率控制精度不高的缺点, 提出汽车ABS模糊直接自适应控制。针对通常将滑移率跟踪误差变化率,或车轮角加/减速度跟踪误差作为汽车ABS模糊控制器输入量其计算值不够准确的缺点,提出车轮等效滑移率变化率的概念和算法,采用车轮滑移率跟踪误差和等效滑移率变化率作为ABS模糊控制系统的输入量,设计出常规ABS模糊控制器,作为ABS闭环控制系统的模糊逼近控制器;采用直接自适应控制方法设计出ABS模糊补偿控制器;它们组成ABS闭环控制系统模糊直接自适应控制器。仿真研究和实车试验表明,该控制器应用于汽车ABS系统取得良好的控制效果,且算法简单、具有实际应用价值。     

Anti-lock brake system control for buses based on fuzzy logic and a sliding-mode observer

In this paper, an anti-lock brake system (ABS) for commercial buses is proposed based on a fuzzy-logic controller and a sliding-mode observer of the vehicle speed. The brake controller generates pulse width modulated (PWM) control inputs to the solenoid valve of each brake, as a function of the estimated wheel slip ratio. PWM control inputs at the brakes significantly reduce chattering in the brake system compared with conventional on-off control inputs. The sliding-mode observer estimates the vehicle speed with measurements of wheel speed, which is then used to compute the wheel slip ratio. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm is validated by a series of computer simulations of bus driving, where the 14-DOF bus model is used.     

基于ADAMS与Matlab的车辆稳定性控制联合仿真研究

通过ADAMS/Car软件建立车辆虚拟样机模型,设计出一种基于横摆角速度反馈的稳定性控制系统,此系统由四轮制动逻辑控制器和单轮制动力PID控制器组成,并同防抱死刹车系统(Anti-locked braking system,ABS)的轮胎滑移率控制相结合以防止车轮失稳,进行ADAMS与Matlab联合仿真分析。控制系统中,逻辑控制器只需两路信号,不需要对四个车轮进行独立控制,PID控制器设计为使能子系统,接收逻辑控制器发出的激活信号,而ABS控制器当车轮滑移率小于限定值时方解除控制状态,执行稳定性控制逻辑。理论分析和仿真结果表明,构建的车辆稳定性控制系统是一个行之有效的进行综合仿真和优化控制的系统,所采用的联合仿真方法是正确有效的,由ABS系统和PID控制策略组成的控制系统有效提高了车辆的稳定性,所得结果为稳定性控制在车辆工程中的实际应用提供了参考。     

Nonlinear observer and robust controller design for enhancement of vehicle lateral stability

This paper describes the design of a sliding mode controller to control wheel slip. A yaw motion controller (YMC), which uses a PID control method, is also proposed for controlling the brake pressure of the rear and inner wheels to enhance lateral stability. It induces the yaw rate to track the reference yaw rate, and it reduces a slip angle on a slippery road. A nonlinear observer is also developed to estimate the vehicle variables difficult to measure directly. The braking and steering performances of the anti-lock brake system (ABS) and YMC are evaluated for various driving conditions, including straight, J-turn, and sinusoidal maneuvers. The simulation results show that developed ABS reduces the stopping distance and increases the longitudinal stability. The observer estimates velocity, slip angle, and yaw rate very well. The results also reveal that the YMC improves vehicle lateral stability and controllability when various steering inputs are applied. In addition, the YMC enhances the vehicle safety on a split-μ road.     

汽车防抱死制动系统分级智能控制

在分析车辆制动时轮胎与地面接触力学特性的基础上,提出一种用轮速峰值连线来求解参考车速和参考滑移率的方法。为了解决汽车防抱死制动系统(ABS)在各种条件下复杂的控制问题,设计出一种由运行控制、参数校正和组织协调构成的分级智能控制系统。在运行控制级,给出参考滑移率误差的目标轨迹,建立特征模型、控制模态集和推理规则集,以此设计出基于参考滑移率的仿人智能控制器。在参数校正级,为了弥补只针对参考滑移率控制的不足,用车轮角减速度对仿人智能控制量进行校正。在组织协调级,设计出基于轮减速度和参考滑移率的模糊智能控制器来自动辨别制动时的路面信息,给出四轮制动的协调控制规则。运用Matlab进行汽车ABS的仿人智能控制系统研究,搭建出汽车ABS全车测控系统,参照国际标准,在不同条件下进行道路试验。试验结果表明,相对于逻辑门限控制,ABS分级智能控制具有良好的制动平稳性和自适应性,可提高控制精度,是一种有效的新的ABS控制方法。     

车辆弯道制动防抱死系统仿真

基于Matlab/Simulink仿真技术,充分考虑车辆弯道制动时因为纵向和侧向加速度的存在而引起轮胎所受垂直载荷的变化,建立了汽车弯道行驶的八自由度整车动力学仿真模型,嵌入了ABS控制逻辑模型。对弯道制动工况下的车速、横摆角速度、转弯半径以及车轮滑移率的变化进行了仿真计算,结果表明该模型可以全面准确的模拟车辆在弯道制动时的运动状况,为开发和改进ABS系统提供了很好的参考依据。     

Brake performance evaluation of ABS with sliding mode controller on a split road with driver model

In this paper, Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) is proposed to enhance Anti-Lock Brake System (ABS) performance. To verify SMC performance, a real-time Hardware in the loop simulation has been created with a hydraulic brake line. Therefore, the hydraulic brake model and vehicle model should be properly set up to acquire exact simulation results. In addition, the experiment results are compared with that of the commercial ABS with ECU only, and verified how much the performance is improved. The control strategy is to follow the target slip ratio by means of sliding mode controller and secure the vehicle stability while the vehicle braking on various road conditions, such as dry road, wet road, icy road and even split road condition. The driver model is useless on the uniform slip ratio of a straight road. However, the split road has to adopt the driver model. The split road condition has a different slip ratio at each wheel, causing the vehicle to spin out. Test results show that ABS with sliding mode controller has better performance than existing ABS and also ensures improved vehicle stability. Furthermore, the test result on the split road shows how the vehicle will follow the desired path with the driver model and hold the target slip ratio.     

Estimation of Road Friction Coefficient in Different Road Conditions Based on Vehicle Braking Dynamics

The accurate estimation of road friction coefficient in the active safety control system has become increasingly prominent. Most previous studies on road friction estimation have only used vehicle longitudinal or lateral dynamics and often ignored the load transfer, which tends to cause inaccurate of the actual road friction coefficient. A novel method considering load transfer of front and rear axles is proposed to estimate road friction coefficient based on braking dynamic model of two-wheeled vehicle. Sliding mode control technique is used to build the ideal braking torque controller, which control target is to control the actual wheel slip ratio of front and rear wheels tracking the ideal wheel slip ratio. In order to eliminate the chattering problem of the sliding mode controller, integral switching surface is used to design the sliding mode surface. A second order linear extended state observer is designed to observe road friction coefficient based on wheel speed and braking torque of front and rear wheels.The proposed road friction coefficient estimation schemes are evaluated by simulation in ADAMS/Car. The results show that the estimated values can well agree with the actual values in different road conditions. The observer can estimate road friction coefficient exactly in real-time andresist external disturbance. The proposed research provides a novel method to estimate road friction coefficient with strong robustness and more accurate.     

Design,implementation, and test of skid steering-based autonomous driving controller for a robotic vehicle with articulated suspension

This paper describes an autonomous driving control algorithm based on skid steering for a Robotic Vehicle with Articulated Suspension (RVAS). The driving control algorithm consisted of four parts: speed controller for following the desired speed, trajectory tracking controller to track the desired trajectory, longitudinal tire force distribution algorithm which determines the optimal desired longitudinal tire force and wheel torque controller which determines the wheel torque command at each wheel to keep the slip ratio below the limit value as well as to track the desired tire force. The longitudinal and vertical tire force estimators were designed for optimal tire force distribution and wheel slip control. The dynamic model of the RVAS is validated using vehicle test data. Simulation and vehicle tests were conducted in order to evaluate the proposed driving control algorithm. Based on the simulation and test results, the proposed driving controller was shown to produces satisfactory trajectory tracking performance.