旋风分离器减阻杆对流场的影响

在研究发现旋风分离器减阻杆的基础上，研究了减阻杆对流场的影响，发现了减阻杆使切向速度分布趋于平缓、轴向速度上升峰值内移、径向上压力梯度减小、轴向上中心区从逆压梯度变为顺压梯度等重要规律，从而为分析旋风分离器减阻杆的减阻机理提供了依据。同时本文还首次发现旋风分离器入口附近有近２４％的短路流量，提出设法减小这部分短路流量是提高分离效率的一个研究方向。     

盐湖卤水侵蚀喷射混凝土衬砌损伤演化

我国西部地区盐湖分布广泛,土壤及地下水中含有高浓度硫酸盐、镁盐及氯盐,其会与衬砌喷射混凝土发生一系列物理化学反应,导致混凝土表面损伤并不断演化,继而造成衬砌结构可靠度下降。为系统研究盐湖卤水侵蚀喷射混凝土损伤形成及演化规律,以5%Na_2SO_4+5%MgSO_4+3. 5%NaCl复合盐溶液为侵蚀介质,采用干湿交替法,分别模拟盐湖卤水及衬砌结构侵蚀方式,开展喷射混凝土损伤演化试验。通过对喷射混凝土侵蚀产物的组成及含量、微观形貌和离子含量进行综合分析,系统研究了卤水侵蚀混凝土的损伤演化机理。结果表明:喷射混凝土中的SO_4~(2-)含量随侵蚀时间的延长而快速增大,Cl~-和Na~+含量缓慢增大,而Ca~(2+)含量和混凝土pH值降低。喷射混凝土卤水侵蚀过程包含水镁石、石膏及钙矾石层形成阶段,C-S-H分解及碳硫硅钙石形成阶段以及水化硅酸镁凝胶形成等三个阶段。期间,结晶盐在毛细孔及微裂缝中不断累积,加速了混凝土的损伤演化。最终,在碳硫硅钙石、水镁石、石膏、钙矾石以及结晶盐所形成的膨胀应力和结晶压力共同作用下,喷射混凝土内部及表面形成网状裂纹,骨料剥落,损伤厚度快速增大。     

实体数控仿真刀具扫掠体的构造

实体数控仿真具有重要意义，刀具扫掠体构造是实体数控铣削仿真的重要环节．分析了刃具轮廓、刀具运动形式和加工指令对构造刀具扫掠体的影响．基于ACIS平台研究了刀具扫掠体的构造，提出了动态构造刀具扫掠体算法，给出了该算法的流程图．并将其应用到正在研制和开发的实体数控铣削仿真系统中，给出了2．5D实体数控铣削仿真的应用实例。     

多场耦合作用下流变液悬浮性态仿真与分析

仿真分析了磁场和剪切场作用下双分散、单分散磁流变液的微观结构演化,从4个方面考察了磁流变液悬浮性态：微观结构相变,链长分布,聚合结构各向异性和悬浮粒子运动涨落。结果表明,在磁场作用下,场强幅值越高,相态迁移的时间越短、簇-墙相越明显;在低磁场时,双分散悬浮较单分散悬浮容易形成长链,而在中、高磁场时,单分散悬浮却较双分散悬浮容易形成长链;磁极粒子具有智能特性,在无剪切场作用下总是寻找最易形成墙的方向排列成簇,而在稳态剪切作用下沿流场方向形成通长墙相以抑制流场的输运;外加磁场有助于减小悬浮粒子的运动涨落,但在剪切场的引导作用下,磁场强度的变化对悬浮粒子运动涨落无明显影响。     

旋风分离器减阻杆对流场的影响

在研究发现旋风分离器减阻杆的基础上，研究了减阻杆对流场的影响，发现了减阻杆使切向速度分布趋于平缓，轴向速度上升峰值内移，径向上压力梯度减小，轴处中心区从逆压梯度变为顺压梯度等重要规律，从而为分析旋风分离器减振阻杆的减阻机理提供了依据。同时本文还首次发现旋风分离器入口附近有近２４％的短路流量，提出设法减小这部位短流流量是提高分离效率的一个研究方向。     

3Y-TZP/LZAS微晶玻璃功能梯度涂层的微观结构与性能

为了提高钢基体微晶玻璃涂层的韧性, 在Q235钢基体上采用涂搪法制备了钇稳定四方相氧化锆/Li₂O- ZnO-Al₂O₃-SiO₂ (3Y-TZP/LZAS) 微晶玻璃功能梯度涂层。采用XRD、SEM分析了梯度涂层的物相组成和微观结构, 采用压痕法测试并计算了涂层的显微硬度和断裂韧性, 通过粘接-拉伸法测试了涂层的结合强度。结果表明, 3Y-TZP/LZAS微晶玻璃功能梯度涂层各层之间的界面结合紧密; 涂层与钢基体依靠玻璃中的SiO₂与铁的氧化物发生界面反应形成牢固的结合, 反应产物为Fe₂SiO₄和FeSiO₃; 涂层的显微硬度和断裂韧性沿涂层厚度方向逐渐增大, 涂层韧性提高是表面残余压应力增韧、3Y-TZP相变及3Y-TZP的颗粒增韧共同作用的结果; 梯度涂层与Q235的结合强度达16.3 MPa。热震实验表明, 梯度涂层在300℃下经历30余次热循环, 表现出较好的抗热震性能。     

粉体脉冲微喷射技术在功能梯度结构牙根植入材料制备中的应用

本研究提出了一种新的制备功能梯度材料方法,采用以脉冲当地惯性力为主动力的粉体脉冲微喷射技术来进行Ti/HA(Hydroxyapatite)功能梯度结构的牙根植入材料粉体按需输送制备实验。搭建了功能梯度材料制备实验系统,并对两种粉体在该系统下的输送率进行标定,利用标定的结果在制备的过程中进行相应的系统参数设定从而实现按需输送,并通过控制三维工作台的运动实现粉体根据设定的路径逐层堆积,最终通过压制与烧结得到所设计的具有一定强度的功能梯度材料。对所制备的功能梯度材料进行初步的力学性能与微观组织结构检测,评价其可行性并为进一步的研究提供一定的理论依据。从实验过程和结果看,利用粉体脉冲微喷射技术制备功能梯度材料具有结构精确、节约成本等优点。     

功能梯度压电压磁球对称问题的静力响应

研究径向载荷作用下功能梯度压电压磁空心球壳的空间球对称电磁弹耦合静力学问题。假设压电压磁空心球壳的材料参数沿球厚度方向呈幂函数分布, 在球坐标系下, 由材料的参数方程、本构方程、几何方程和平衡方程导出在外激励作用下空心球壳体的应力、电势、磁势等物理量的解析解。结构内表面材料设为常用BaTiO₃-CoFeO₄复合材料, 分别对球壳内表面受力以及内外表面存在电势差或磁势差的情况进行数值讨论, 分别给出不同梯度参数下结构内部径向应力、环向应力、电势和磁势的分布。结果表明梯度参数的选取对功能梯度压电压磁球壳的性能有很大的影响。     

功能梯度压电压磁圆柱轴对称的静力学响应

针对无限长功能梯度压电压磁空心圆柱,研究轴对称空心圆柱电磁弹耦合静力学问题。在柱坐标系下,假定材料参数沿径向为幂函数分布,推导出在外激励作用下空心圆柱体中位移、应力、电势以及磁势等物理场的解析解。数值讨论中,针对BaTiO₃-CoFeO₄复合材料空心柱体,在不同边界条件下得到了不同梯度参数及不同厚度下空心圆柱应力、电势和磁势的分布规律。结果表明,对于功能梯度压电压磁空心圆柱,材料的失效主要是由于环向应力引起的,且圆柱厚度对环向应力有着显著影响。此外,梯度参数强烈影响功能梯度压电压磁传感器/制动器的电/磁输出和力学性能。结果对压电压磁圆柱型传感器/制动器的设计和分析具有一定的指导作用。     

不同运动方式KDP单晶生长流动与物质输运数值分析

针对两种不同运动方式下的KDP单晶生长,进行了流动与物质输运模拟。分析和比较了不同运动方式下,晶面附近溶液流动及晶面过饱和度分布特征。研究了晶体尺寸对晶面过饱和度场的影响。结果表明:二维运动法中,晶面遭受的水动力学条件较为复杂,使得其过饱和度分布不如转晶法规则;二维运动法锥面过饱和度明显高于转晶法;单位周期内,转晶法晶面平均过饱和度存在较大波动,而二维运动法过饱和度随时间变化较小;总体上看,小尺寸晶体时,二维运动法晶面过饱和度梯度小于转晶法;大尺寸晶体时,二维运动法晶面过饱和度梯度大于转晶法。     

不同应力路径下石灰岩碎石力学特性的大型三轴试验研究

为了解不同应力路径下,昆明新机场石灰岩碎石填料的力学特性及该填料力学特性受水影响的程度,采用大型三轴试验机,对该填料进行不同应力路径下的三轴试验及等σ′₃压缩应力路径下的干湿对比试验。结果表明:Δσ′₁≥0 时,围压和应力比k (即小主应力增量与大主应力增量的比值)增大,试件峰值应力及初始模量亦增大,但剪胀逐渐受到抑制;石灰岩碎石的剪胀及剪缩特性与应力路径有很强的相关性;石灰岩碎石的强度非线性特征显著,围压减小的应力路径下,试件剪切强度比等σ′₃应力路径下略低;水对石灰岩碎石的剪切强度、初始模量及剪胀性有较大影响。该文的试验成果可为构建考虑应力路径影响的高填方粗颗粒填料本构模型提供试验基础。     

The plastic yield behaviour of polymethylmethacrylate

The yield behaviour of an amorphous glassy polymer has been investigated under a system of combined stress in an attempt to define a criterion for yield. Sheets of polymethylmethacrylate were compressed in plane strain and the compressive yield stress was determined as a function of the tension applied in the plane of the sheet. The compressive yield stress was found to decrease with applied tension more rapidly than would be expected if the shear yield stress of the material were independent of pressure. The results have been analysed in terms of a Coulomb yield criterion where the shear yield stress is expressed as a constant plus a friction term proportional to the pressure on the shear plane. Birefringent shear zones were observed in the deformed region after the load was removed and these zones were inclined at 52.9° to the plane of the sheet. It was found that if the stresses at yield were expressed as nominal stresses then the inclination of the shear planes predicted by the yield stress data coincided with the observed inclination. It also appears that it may be possible to define a fracture criterion in terms of the applied stress system.     

Behaviour of voids in a shear field

When voids are present in a ductile material subject to a shear dominated stress state under low stress triaxiality the voids collapse to micro-cracks, which subsequently rotate and elongate in the shear field. In the present plane strain analyses for cylindrical voids a surface load normal to a plane connecting the ends of the micro-crack is used as an approximate representation of contact stresses during frictionless sliding. In a previous study of the same problem the author applied hydrostatic pressure inside the nearly closed micro-crack to approximate contact conditions. The transverse surface loads used in the present analyses avoid the tendency to unrealistically elongate the voids. It is found that even though the model applied here gives significantly later occurrence of a maximum overall shear stress than that found by using hydrostatic pressure, the present model does predict a maximum in all the cases analyzed and thus illustrates the micro-mechanism leading to failure of the material by localization of plastic flow.     

The effect of hydrostatic pressure on the fibre-matrix bond in a steel-resin model composite

The shear strength of the adhesive bond between a steel wire and an epoxy resin has been measured and it has been found that when the composite is under pressure the strength corresponds closely to the shear yield stress of the resin determined in a plane strain compression test. Discrepancies at low pressure may be due to the nucleation of stress-concentrating cracks. Measurements of the friction stress between the wire and the resin as a function of pressure indicated that the coefficient of friction was 0·5 and that the compressive stress at the interface due to resin shrinkage was 7 Nmm^–2 (1000 psi).     

The Effect of Friction on Wide Shear Bands

Frictional and frictionless granular materials in a split-bottom ring shear cell geometry show wide shear bands under slow, quasi-static deformation. Here, the differences between frictional and frictionless materials are elaborated using discrete element simulations (DEM). Several continuum fields like the density, the velocity field, the deformation gradient, and the stress are used here for comparison.

Interestingly, the shear stress intensity, i.e., the shear stress divided by the pressure, is approximately constant throughout the wide shear band, as long as the strain rate is large enough—indicating a Mohr-Coulomb type yield stress fluid. The “viscosity,” i.e., the shear stress divided by the strain rate, is proportional to the pressure, which is increasing with the contact number density. Furthermore, the viscosity is inversely proportional to the nondimensional strain rate, indicating shear softening behavior inside the wide shear bands.     

红砂岩剪切储能与最大剪应变特征试验研究

为了明确干燥和饱水红砂岩剪切强度、剪切储能与剪应变特征,在岩石剪切试验系统进行了不同法向应力作用下干燥和饱水红砂岩剪切试验,详细分析了法向应力和饱水作用对红砂岩剪切强度、剪切应变能密度和剪应变的影响规律。结果表明：剪力-剪切位移曲线,干燥状态线性段明显,饱水状态屈服段明显,法向应力在10 MPa～20 MPa,剪切强度和剪切位移增加显著,法向应力在20 MPa～40 MPa切向位移变化很小;压剪应力状态下的粘聚力和内摩擦角明显低于三轴压缩应力状态下的粘聚力和内摩擦角,饱水使三轴应力路径下的粘聚力和内摩擦角都弱化,而压剪应力路径下只对内摩擦角弱化。法向应力小于20 MPa时,剪切强度劣化率随法向应力的增加线性增大,法向应力在20 MPa～40 MPa时,剪切强度劣化率在一定值上下波动。峰值剪切应变能密度与法向应力之间存在良好线性变化规律,随法向应力增大,饱水对峰值剪切应变能密度的影响增加。干燥和饱水红砂岩峰值剪切应变能密度分别趋于定值1.4579 MJ/m3和1.0033 MJ/m3,饱水使峰值剪切应变能密度的劣化率趋于31.18%。根据峰值剪应变随法向应力的变化规律,构建了干燥和饱水红...     

Base Pressure Measurements under a Scale Model Stockpile

The ability of a granular bulk material to transmit internal shear stress is a fundamental property that is often overlooked or underestimated, yet it is this ability that allows many observed physical phenomena to occur. One such area that continues to be a focus for numerical, theoreticals and experimental researchers is the pressure that a stockpile of granular material places on the supporting surface. While appearing to be a simple problem, the ability of granular materials to transmit shear stress makes this an extremely complex problem. This article presents high-quality data collected under a 2 m high stockpile and full details of the experimental facilities used in the collection of the data.

The work presented is of significant value, having a much greater scale than previous studies (Jotaki & Moriyama, 1979; Lee & Herington, 1971; Smid & Novosad, 1981), and the deliberate inclusion of a central reclaim channel offers insight into stress changes during gravity reclaim and refilling. The results of this work have shown that the so-called 'M' pressure does exist under larger stockpiles both with and without reclaim hoppers; of more significance is the reemergence of the M pressure upon refilling of an emptied stockpile. This clearly illustrates that the M pressure is a robust and natural pressure distribution for a conical stockpile.     

围压作用下煤岩材料超声致裂规律研究

当超声波在煤岩固体材料中传播时,受其机械效应,煤岩基质固体颗粒间相互作用。从超声波的机械效应角度结合断裂力学,对围压影响的超声激励破岩机制进行探讨,利用 RFPA2D 岩石破裂过程分析系统对超声激励不同围压下煤岩致裂过程进行了数值试验验证。研究表明：围压降低了煤岩内部裂纹的断裂强度因子,改变裂纹尖端应力场;围压对煤岩破裂具有抑制作用,在相同功率超声作用下,围压越大,超声激励碎岩程度越低;数值实验表明,随着围压增加,超声致裂煤岩影响区域逐渐减小,煤岩破坏形式由低围压下的张拉和剪切破坏共同作用逐渐向高围压下单一剪切破坏过渡。相同有效声压作用下,煤岩破裂过程中主应力随煤岩围压升高而增大。     

真空玻璃封接接头残余应力的影响因素分析

采用正交设计和有限元模拟的方法研究了真空玻璃的钎焊温度、保温时间、钎料厚度和施加压力等工艺参数对真空玻璃封接接头残余应力的影响,并分析不同钎焊工艺对真空玻璃封接接头剪切强度的影响,确定了最优水平组合.结果 表明:钎料的厚度对接头残余应力的影响最为显著,施加压力对接头残余应力的影响较为显著,钎焊温度和保温时间的影响较小;...     

Analysis of Critical Stress for Subsurface Rolling Contact Fatigue Damage Assessment Under Roll/Slide Contact

As one of the main failure modes of component operated under rolling contact loading, the rolling contact fatigue is classified into two types: subsurface initiated and surface initiated. Different stresses such as orthogonal shear stress, maximum principle shear stress, and octahedral shear stress have been applied as the critical stresses for the assessment of the subsurface cracks’ initiation due to rolling contact fatigue. The influences of friction on distributions of the ranges of orthogonal shear stress, maximum principle shear stress, and octahedral shear stress in subsurface were analyzed with reference to the results of the reference articles. The results show that friction does influence the subsurface distributions of these stresses to a certain extent. However, the upper limits of both the maximum principle shear stress and octahedral shear stress are smaller than that of range of orthogonal shear stresses under the rolling contact conditions of usual steel components. Hence, it is more appropriate that the orthogonal shear stress be selected as the critical stress for the assessment of subsurface rolling contact fatigue.