辐照接枝改性涤纶织物的亲水性能

利用电子束辐照接枝的方法将丙烯酸(Acrylic acid,AA)单体接枝到涤纶织物上来改善其亲水性。通过改变吸收剂量、接枝单体浓度、阻聚剂浓度、预辐照的吸收剂量以及前处理氢氧化钠浓度等影响因素来获得具有不同接枝率的改性涤纶织物。优化的反应条件:吸收剂量为195 k Gy、AA浓度为50%、阻聚剂(Fe SO4?7H2O)浓度为0.8%、预辐照的吸收剂量为43 k Gy、前处理Na OH浓度为15 g/L。傅里叶红外光谱证明AA已接枝成功;扫描电子显微镜分析表明改性涤纶织物的表面具有覆盖物,且随着接枝率的增大,其覆盖物明显增多;回潮率测试结果表明,改性涤纶的回潮率随接枝率的增加而逐渐增大,当接枝率达到最大值27.84%时,改性涤纶的回潮率可达3.51%。涤纶织物经30次洗涤后减重率仅1%左右,说明接枝牢度优异。     

超高分子量聚乙烯纤维预辐照接枝丙烯酸甲酯

采用预辐照接枝的方法研究了丙烯酸甲酯（MA）单体在超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）纤维表面的接枝聚合反应。考察了吸收剂量、单体浓度、接枝聚合反应温度对接枝率的影响。结果表明：UHMWPE纤维接枝MA的接枝率较高,最高可达约151％,接枝率随吸收剂量、单体浓度、反应温度升’高而增加。用红外光谱法分析了接枝前后纤维官能团的变化,通过扫描电镜观察了接枝前后纤维表面的形貌。     

聚丙烯丝束预辐射接枝改性

使用丙烯酸和丙烯酰胺利用γ射线预照射对聚丙烯丝束进行了辐射接枝改性。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明单体接枝到聚丙烯(PP)丝束上。接枝实验结果显示,增加接枝体系的单体浓度和吸收剂量可以提高PP的接枝率,在反应温度为70℃时,接枝反应4h即可以完成。选择适当的反应条件,接枝率可达200％,丝束的回潮率得到了改善。     

预辐射聚丙烯纤维接枝丙烯酸的研究

以电子束和＾６０Ｃｏγ射线为辐射源，对聚丙烯纤维分别在空气和氮氢气下进行预辐照，然后将样品置于丙烯酸水溶液体系中进行接枝反应。研究了吸收剂量、反应温度、反应时间、丙烯酸浓度等接枝率的影响，还研究了硫酸和硫酸亚铁等添加剂以及预辐照样品在室温下的存放时间等对接枝率的影响。比较了两种不同辐射源在预辐射接枝中的差别。     

预辐照聚丙烯无纺布共接枝丙烯腈和丙烯酸的研究

研究了在空气条件下丙烯腈和丙烯酸在预辐照聚丙烯无纺布上的共接枝反应,以及预辐照吸收剂量、接枝反应温度、反应时间、单体浓度及比例和摩尔盐浓度对接枝率的影响。结果表明,接枝的最佳条件为：反应温度75℃,反应时间4h,单体浓度50％。并对接枝前后的聚合物进行了红外光谱分析。     

HDPE膜电子束引发预辐照接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯的研究

用电子束引发预辐照接枝的方法，在高密度聚乙烯（High density polyethylene，HDPE）薄膜上接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（Glycidyl methacrylate，GMA），制备了含有高活性环氧基团的聚合物膜。详细研究了单体浓度、反应温度和时间以及吸收剂量等因素对接枝率的影响规律。应用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、原子力显微镜（AFM）研究了接枝物的组成、热性能和表面形貌。FT-IR测试表明接枝物为HDPE-g-GMA共聚物；接枝膜的熔融温度Tm以及修正后HDPE组分△Hf（HDPE）均随着接枝率的增大而降低，原因归结于HDPE接枝后结晶度降低。HDPE-g-GMA膜的AFM图像显示其表面粗糙度增加，进一步证明膜表面发生了接枝反应。     

电子束辐射接枝丙烯酸改性聚四氟乙烯

采用电子束辐射接枝工艺,在保持本体强度的前提下实现了对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)板材的表面丙烯酸接枝改性。傅里叶变换红外扫描测试表明丙烯酸成功接枝到PTFE板材表面。通过单因素分析法研究了辐射接枝工艺参数对接枝量的影响,并择优选出最佳的辐射接枝工艺条件:吸收剂量为18 kGy,丙烯酸浓度为60%,反应温度为70℃。表面接触角测试表明,接枝改性后PTFE板材表面浸润性较改性前大幅提高,水接触角由120°下降到60°。黏接性能测试结果表明,辐射接枝改性可显著提高PTFE的黏接强度,达到23 N/cm~2。     

电子束共辐照接枝改性聚醚砜微孔膜

用电子束共辐照技术在聚醚砜微孔膜上接枝了甲基丙烯酸。改变接枝单体的浓度和吸收剂量获得具有不同接枝率的改性聚醚砜膜。系统研究了接枝率与单体浓度和吸收剂量间的关系,得到最佳的单体浓度和吸收剂量。接枝膜用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)进行表征,接枝膜表面及断面形态用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察,并测试了接枝膜的亲水性接触角。     

SBS粉体预辐射接枝丙烯酸研究

以60Coγ射线为辐射源,对SBS粉体在空气中进行预辐照,然后将一定量粉体置于丙烯酸水溶液体系中进行接枝反应。研究了反应时间、反应温度、单体浓度和吸收剂量对接枝率的影响。傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析结果证明了羧酸基团的成功引入,并对接枝后粉体的热重分析,结晶度和表面形貌进行了研究。     

尼龙滤布共辐射接枝N-异丙基丙烯酰胺研究

通过共辐射接枝法,将N-异丙基丙烯酰胺单体接枝聚合到尼龙滤布表面,通过测定接枝聚合前后尼龙滤布质量变化来计算接枝率。以无水甲醇为溶剂、硫酸铜为阻聚剂,考察了接枝率随单体浓度的变化规律,测试了接枝前后尼龙滤布表面与水的接触角(CA),并研究了接枝前后样品的热分解行为。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品表面形貌进行了表征。结果表明:接枝聚合后的样品热分解温度降低,单丝表观尺寸增大且表面粗糙度增加,随着接枝率的升高,改性尼龙滤布的接触角逐渐减小,亲水性增强,这与聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺在室温时的亲水性相符。     

Proton exchange membranes prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization from binary monomer mixtures onto poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) film

Sulfonic acid proton exchange membranes based on a poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) film were synthesized through the single-step graft copolymerization of sodium styrenesulfonate and acrylic acid monomers from binary monomer aqueous solutions using the electron beam pre-irradiation method in air. The effects of the various polymerization parameters (absorbed dose, reaction time, and monomer ratio) on the degree of grafting were studied.A correlation between the degree of grafting and some of the physical-chemical properties (water uptake and ion-exchange capacity) of the synthesized copolymers was established. The distribution of the sulfonic acid groups was investigated across the thickness of several membranes in order to gain a better understanding of the graft copolymerization process from binary monomer aqueous solutions onto the fluorinated film and to synthesize membranes with optimal physical-chemical properties.     

Study of radiation-induced grafting of acrylic acid-sodium styrene sulfonate onto poly （tetrafluoroethylene-cohexafluoropropylene） film

Poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene) (FEP) films were immersed in aqueous solution of acrylic acid (AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate (SSS), then irradiated by ^60Co γ-rays at 25℃. The effects o| reaction time, absorbed dose, dose-rate, inhibitor and monomer concentration on the grafting yield were studied. Grafting yields of both AA and SSS onto FEP, respectively, increase with irradiation dose, but some saturation will appear at high dose and monomer concentration. The grafting yield increases with reaction time and then levels off. The grafting of SSS onto FEP is more difficult than the grafting of AA. The analysis of grafted membranes using DSC and FT-IR have been done.     

电子束引发双功能基阳离子交换膜的制备研究

在所有的离子交换膜中,最引人注目的当数20世纪70年代已商品化的Nation系列膜。具有磺酸功能基的Nation膜电阻低,但用在氯碱工业时电流效率低。1974年Seko发明了全氟羧酸阳离子交换膜,使电流效率有实质性提高,并推动了复合膜的发展。复合膜具有磺酸膜的低电阻性能和羧酸膜的高电流效率。本工作采用辐射接枝法制备含羧酸基团和磺酸基团的双功能基阳离子交换膜,目的主要是以低成本且简单可行的辐射接枝法代替共聚法,制备稳定性好、低电阻、高电流效率的阳离子交换膜。     

Radiation-chemical synthesis of polypropylene fabrics with sulfonic acid functional groups

A sorption-active material carrying sulfonic acid groups was synthesized by the radiation-induced graft polymerization of styrene monomer onto the surface of non-woven polypropylene fabric, followed by sulfonation of the grafted polystyrene chains. The effect of the main experimental parameters (absorbed dose, monomer concentration, reaction time) on the styrene degree of grafting was investigated. The sulfonation process with 5% chlorosulfonic acid at room temperature was investigated in detail and the optimal sulfonation conditions for the samples with a medium degree of grafting (70-140%) were determined. Densities of 3.5-5 meq/g were obtained by applying those sorption-active PP fabrics with a sulfonic acid group.     

One step graft copolymerization of acrylic acid and sodium styrene sulfonate onto high－density polyethylene film by preirradiation method

High-density polyethylene(HDPE)films were irradiated by ^60Co gamma ray with a dose of 100kGy in air and then immersed in aqueous solution of acrylic acid(AA) and sodium styrene sulfonate(SSS) at different temperature.The effects of grafting conditions such as temperature,reaction time ,Mohr‘s salt concentration,and total concentration of monomer on grafting yield were studied.Both grafting yield of AA and SSS onto HDPE respectively increases with total concentration of monomer on grafting yield were studied.Both grafting yield of AA and SSS onto HDPE respectively increases with total concentration of monomers.The highest grafting yield was observed at 3mol/L monomers where the grafted PE swelled to the largest extent in the monomers mixture.The grafting yield increases with reaction time and then levels off.At higher temperature,the grafting yield decreases with Mohr‘s salt concentration,but increases at low temperature when Mohr‘s salt concentration is 0.083%.Which can be interpreted that in the presence of Fe^2 diperoxides and hydroperoxides may decompose at low temperature to form radical which can initiate the grafting.The physical and chemical properties of grafting films were also investigated.     

聚醚砜微孔膜电子辐照接枝改性及过滤性能研究

利用电子束辐照技术对聚醚砜（PES）微孔膜进行接枝丙烯酸（AA）改性。用称重法测量接枝率,分析辐照剂量及气氛对膜接枝率的影响规律,用红外光谱分析膜接枝后官能团的变化,用扫描电镜观察样品的表面形貌;并分析了接枝率对水通量及牛血清白蛋白（BSA）溶液通量的影响。研究结果表明,对浓度为1mol/L的单体丙烯酸,在氮气或空气的氛围下辐照,接枝率随辐照剂量的增加先增大而后降低,并在整个辐照剂量范围内,氮气氛围下辐照的接枝率均高于空气氛围的接枝率。当接枝率较小时,水通量及BSA溶液通量均随接枝率的增大而增大,并当接枝率为11%时,二者同时达到最大值,随着接枝率的进一步增大,其值反而降低。     

Radiation synthesis and characteristics of PTFE-g-PSSA ion exchange membrane applied in vanadium redox battery

Radiation-induced grafting of styrene onto polytetrafluoroethylene （PTFE） membranes was studied by a simultaneous irradiation technique. Grafting was carded out using γ-radiation from a ^60Co source at room temperature. Effects of absorbed dose, atmosphere, dose rate, and the concentration of initial monomer on the degree of grafting （DOG） were investigated and the most appropriate grafting condition was obtained. Subsequently, sulphonation of the grafted PTFE membrane （PTFE-g-PS） was carded out and a series of ion exchange membranes （PTFE-g-PSSA） was prepared. Further characterizations of FTIR, TGA, and SEM testified that grafting and sulphonation of the membranes were successfully processed; moreover, grafting of styrene not only occurred in the surface of PTFE membrane, but also in the micropores of the membrane. Ion exchange capacity （IEC） and conductivity were found increase with the grafting yield. The results suggest that at a low dose, such as 17 kGy, the ion exchange membrane （IEM） which will be suitable for vanadium redox battery （VRB） use can be obtained.     

丙烯酸在PET膜表面的紫外光共辐射接枝

讨论了水性体系中，经紫外光（ＵＶ）辐射引发在ＰＥＴ膜表面的丙烯酸接枝聚合反应的实验影响因素，考察了光敏剂、单体浓度以及接枝反应温度对接枝率的影响，以及不同接枝率下接枝膜对水接触角的变化。