高频感应熔覆温度场的模拟与验证

采用有限元法计算了高频感应熔覆NiCrBSi涂层的基体和界面在不同工艺参数下的温度分布,并采用高频感应加热技术在抽油杆钢35CrMo表面制备NiCrBSi涂层。模拟结果表明,在感应加热频率105 Hz,感应加热电流1400 A,感应加热时间14 s时,涂层达到了NiCrBSi的熔点1100℃,此时抽油杆与镍基涂层形成了冶金结合。通过对熔覆层组织形貌观察及相结构分析,验证了模拟结果的准确性和可靠性,为高频感应熔覆工艺参数的优化提供了理论依据。     

55CrMo钢的奥氏体化相变动力学

为了利用数值模拟技术计算感应加热过程中丝杠的奥氏体化情况,利用Gleeble1500D热模拟试验机,测试了55CrMo钢试样在升温速率为0.05~-50 K/s时的膨胀曲线,得到了它的奥氏体化温度与加热速率的关系。根据相变膨胀曲线,利用杠杆定律得到了奥氏体转变量与温度的关系,并对非等温相变Johnson-Mehl-Avrami(JMA)方程中的动力学参数进行了线性回归分析,得到了JMA相变动力学模型。利用数值模拟技术,计算了丝杠在感应加热时的奥氏体化情况和淬火后的硬度曲线,并与实验结果进行对比。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果吻合得较好,所得到的JMA方程能较好地描述55CrMo钢的奥氏体化过程。     

Al/45钢高频感应钎焊工艺对导电性能的影响

通过采用不同高频感应钎焊工艺对Al/45钢进行钎焊,研究了不同感应钎焊工艺下Al/45焊片导电性能的差异.试验结果表明,在电压4.5 kV,加热时间30 s时获得的铝,钢复合焊片电阻最低,结合面钎料润湿效果良好,界面附近没有发现裂纹等微观缺陷,钎缝显微组织大多为等轴晶.     

镐形截齿感应热处理后硬度组织分布的计算机模拟及实验验证

采用梅尼尔模型与有限元模拟相结合的方法,对感应热处理后截齿的硬度以及组织进行了预测预报.并对模拟结果进行了实验验证.在模拟过程中以普通加热近似处理感应加热,通过合理选择钢的热物性参数、换热系数,表明模拟结果和实验结果有很好的一致性.     

台阶轴连续感应淬火组织硬度分布预测及其工艺优化

建立了S45C钢台阶轴连续感应淬火过程的分区模拟模型,加载相应的物性和工艺参数,采用感应加热结束时刻轴径向温度分布、Maynier模型、Carsi修正模型和钢CCT曲线拟合预测其淬硬层深度分布,通过联动分析各方法的模拟结果优化了连续感应淬火工艺参数。结果表明,感应淬硬层中关键点b的100%、50%和0%马氏体的模拟深度分别为1.31、1.49和2.97 mm,误差分别为-12.67%、-13.87%和-1.00%,关键点e分别为1.44、2.02、2.54 mm,误差分别为-4.00%、-3.38%和-18.06%,与试验结果较吻合。通过感应淬火工艺参数改变和物理模型调整等探讨了零件各点处的轴径淬硬层变化,给出拟优化的感应淬火工艺参数。初步探讨了换热系数h变化对感应淬硬层的影响。     

半固态铝合金感应加热工艺参数的模拟研究

应用改进的ANSYS软件对ZL101铝合金试样在各种不同工艺参数下（如保温时间、电流密度、频率、试样形状等）的感应加热温度及温度均匀性进行了模拟。实验发现加热毕后停留时间、线圈的电流密度、试样形状等对模拟结果有很大影响。同时在相同加热参数条件下，对模拟所得结果与感应加热的实测数据进行了比较，结果两者较为吻合，表明计算机模拟是成功的。     

方坯软接触电磁连铸结晶器内钢液弯月面行为的热模拟

以低熔点Ｐｂ－Ｓｎ－Ｂｉ合金作为钢液模拟工质,对谐波高频磁场作用下,方坯软接触电磁连铸结晶器内钢液的弯月面行为进行热模拟的实验研究,通过录像手段记录高频磁场作用下非导电石英玻璃容器内液态金属的弯月面行为,并采用“浸镀法”测得不同实验条件下的弯月面形状,掌握了高频磁场作用下液态金属弯月面的波动特性及不同感应线圈实验参数对弯月面行为特征的影响效果,研究表明：方坯结晶器内高频磁场沿结晶器周向的不均匀分布     

硬质合金钎焊技术的现状与发展

本文综合评述了氧-乙炔火焰钎焊、高频感应钎焊、真空钎焊、摩擦焊、电子束焊、扩散焊、激光焊等方法在硬质合金与钢钎焊中的研究与应用现状,分析了钎焊工艺、钎料、钎剂及补偿片对钎焊质量的因素的影响,以及钎焊过程中所存在的问题,包括钎焊裂纹、残余应力、润湿性不够、气孔、夹渣及氧化、焊缝区组织脆化等。分析认为,不同的方法钎焊硬质合金与钢都有各自的优点和不足,但硬质合金与钢钎焊存在的问题也很多。大多数硬质合金与钢钎焊的研究均是通过调整钎焊工艺参数以及通过研制新的钎焊材料来改善钎焊质量,部分是通过钎焊后热处理工艺来提高钎焊质量。传统的氧-乙炔火焰钎焊、高频感应钎焊、等方法获得的钎焊接头刚性不足,新型扩散焊、激光焊、摩擦焊、电子束焊等钎焊工艺适应性较差,进入规模化生产应用还需要进一步地发展和改进。     

CLAM钢TIG焊有限元模拟

以我国自主研发的中国低活化马氏体钢-CLAM铜为研究对象.应用ANSYS有限元分析软件建立单面双道焊三维有限元数学模型,并运用APDL参数化语言及"生死单元"技术实现了模拟过程中焊接热源的移动及焊缝金属的逐步填充.模拟了CLAM钢TTG焊预热情况下瞬态温度场,定量分析了焊件不同位置的温度分布,并通过红外测温验证了温度场模拟结果.同时对比分析了不同的焊接速度对焊接熔池的影响.     

地铁转向架构架脉冲MAG焊工艺及数值模拟

文中以地铁转向架构架中典型T形接头为研究对象,选用高频脉冲MAG焊和常规脉冲MAG焊方法,使用合理的焊接工艺参数对12 mm厚S355J2W耐候钢进行焊接。用Sysweld数值模拟软件,采用热弹塑性法顺序耦合的方式对T形接头进行温度场、应力场仿真分析,并对接头焊趾处的残余应力进行了测试。结果表明：与常规脉冲MAG焊相比,高频脉冲MAG焊接头具有峰值温度较高、冷却速度更快的热循环特征;无论是高频脉冲MAG焊还是常规脉冲MAG焊,残余应力最大值均在焊缝区,且随着焊缝距离逐渐增大,残余应力逐渐减小并趋于零,高频脉冲MAG焊焊趾处最高残余应力实测值比常规脉冲MAG焊时的减小13.7%(数值模拟的减小约20.1%)。残余应力实测结果与模拟仿真结果基本吻合,验证了数值模拟结果的准确性和可靠性。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

正~~     

Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.