吐温20对锌电极性能影响的掠射椭偏法研究

利用掠射式椭圆偏振光谱法现场考察了添加吐温20前后碱性介质中锌电极析氢性能的变化及其对锌电极性能的影响.试验结果表明:吐温20作为电解液添加剂能够影响1mol/dm3KOH溶液中锌电极上的析氢过程,随着吐温20添加浓度的增加,对析氢的抑制作用增加.掠射椭圆偏振参量与电极电位关系进一步表明吐温20对锌电极析氢过程的抑制作用属于几何覆盖效应,同时也表明碱性电解液中添加适宜浓度的吐温20可以有效地抑制阴极过程中锌电极的析氢反应、枝晶形成与电极变形.     

席夫碱基季铵盐型双子表面活性剂对碱性锌电极电化学性能的影响

目的选择席夫碱基季铵盐型双子表面活性剂作为电解液添加剂,改善碱性锌电极的电化学性能,提高其耐蚀性能。方法通过电化学分析法,如失重法、塔菲尔极化曲线法、交流阻抗法等分析研究三种席夫碱基季铵盐型双子表面活性剂(D1、D2、D3)对锌电极电化学性能的影响,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究在6 mol/L KOH电解液(饱和ZnO)浸泡48 h后,锌片表面的成分和形貌。结果室温下,缓蚀率随席夫碱基季铵盐型表面活性剂浓度升高而增加,当浓度进一步增大,缓蚀率变化不大。三种席夫碱基表面活性剂中,D3缓蚀能力最强,缓蚀率最高达95.67%,抑制腐蚀的效果顺序为:D3D2D1,属于抑制阳极型缓蚀剂。结论 D1、D2、D3作为碱性锌电极的电解液添加剂,可以有效减缓锌电极的腐蚀、变形、钝化及枝晶形成的能力,改善了碱性锌电极的电化学性能,D1、D2、D3适合作为碱性锌电池的缓蚀添加剂。     

吐温-40 与植酸复配对碳钢的缓蚀作用

目的提高0.5 mol/L HCl中植酸对热轧碳钢(HRCS)的缓蚀性能。方法用失重法和电化学阻抗法测试植酸、吐温-40以及复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率,从热力学和动力学方面分析复配缓蚀剂的作用机制。结果失重法测试表明,植酸和吐温均对热轧碳钢有一定缓蚀作用。当293 K,植酸质量浓度为0.3g/L时,缓蚀效率达到69.1%,在质量浓度为0.8 g/L时缓蚀效率下降为9.6%;吐温-40的缓蚀效率随着质量浓度的增大而增大,0.8 g/L时达到73.4%。在0.5 mol/L盐酸中加入0.05 g/L吐温-40后,复配缓蚀剂的缓蚀效率随着质量浓度的增加而增大,且优于植酸和吐温-40单独使用,表现出协同效应。电化学测试得到了相同的结论,表明复配缓蚀剂在碳钢表面产生自发的Langmuir吸附,使碳钢腐蚀反应的活化能增大,是熵减少的放热过程。结论吐温-40和植酸在盐酸中对热轧碳钢的腐蚀有缓蚀协同作用。     

H_3PO_4溶液中吐温-80在冷轧钢表面上的吸附及缓蚀性能

采用失重法、动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究H_3PO_4溶液中非离子表面活性剂吐温-80在冷轧钢表面上的吸附行为及其缓蚀性能,并用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和接触角测量仪分别表征了钢表面的微观形貌和疏水性。结果表明,吐温-80有效抑制了冷轧钢在H_3PO_4溶液中的腐蚀,其最大缓蚀率在30℃时可达90%以上。缓蚀性能随吐温-80浓度的增加而增强,但同一缓蚀剂浓度下,随温度的上升呈下降趋势;随H_3PO_4浓度的增大先增加后下降,在3.0 mol/L处达到极大值。在H_3PO_4中添加吐温-80主要抑制了钢的阴极腐蚀反应,使电荷转移电阻和界面双电层电容值均显著增大;同时从微观形貌可看出钢表面的腐蚀程度显著减弱,但疏水性增强。     

十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵在硫酸介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀性能研究

采用静态失重法,动电位极化曲线法和电化学阻抗法研究了十六烷基二甲基乙基溴化铵 (CDAB) 在硫酸介质中对Q235钢的缓蚀行为,并探讨了其对Q235钢的缓蚀作用机理.结果表明,在25 ℃下,缓蚀率随CDAB浓度增大而增大,在浓度仅为10 mgL^-1时,失重缓蚀率达85%左右.极化曲线实验结果显示,CDAB是一种以控制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂,且静态失重法,动电位极化曲线法和电化学阻抗法实验结果相一致.CDAB在Q235钢表面的吸附服从Kastening-Holleck吸附等温模型;CDAB的添加显著增大了腐蚀反应的活化能,有效抑制了腐蚀反应的进行.     

模拟酸性海洋大气环境中锌缓蚀剂的研究

目的 针对锌在海洋大气环境中的腐蚀状况,筛选有效的缓蚀复配体系,进一步研究多聚磷酸钠和硫脲的缓蚀剂复配体系在模拟酸性海洋大气环境中对锌的腐蚀影响,探讨复配体系对锌的缓蚀机理。方法 利用失重法评价复配体系在不同温度、不同浓度下的缓蚀性能,并利用强极化曲线法、电化学阻抗法和X射线光电子能谱法(XPS)探讨其缓蚀机理。结果 在40 ℃时,pH=4、0.3 mol/L的NaCl 溶液中,质量比1∶4的多聚磷酸钠和硫脲复配缓蚀剂能够有效抑制锌和热镀锌的腐蚀,缓蚀率分别达到92.19%和91.39%。该复配缓蚀剂对锌在气相环境中的腐蚀同样具有良好的抑制作用。电化学测试结果表明,在25、40、60 ℃时,缓蚀率随浓度的升高而增加;在80 ℃时,缓蚀率随浓度的增大而减弱。通过表面成分分析发现,添加复配缓蚀剂后,在锌表面出现了N、S、P三种新元素。结论 多聚磷酸钠和硫脲的复配体系是混合抑制型缓蚀剂。复配缓蚀剂中的多聚磷酸钠能够在锌表面形成保护性薄膜。硫脲属于小分子有机物,容易吸附在锌的表面,所以它能填充膜的间隙,并与锌紧密地结合在一起。多聚磷酸钠和硫脲共同作用可以使锌表面形成更致密、更稳定的膜,从而增强对锌的保护作用。     

稀土钇(Ⅲ)离子和非离子表面活性剂对锌的缓蚀协同效应

用失重法和电化学法研究了稀土钇（Ⅲ）离子和非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯醚（OP）在磷酸介质中对锌腐蚀速度的影响，发现在特定浓度范围内，钇离子和OP对锌有强烈的缓蚀协同作用，用金属表面吸附理论讨论了这种缓蚀协同作用的机理。     

金属镍电沉积中枝晶的分形生长

分别采用点电极电沉积和平行板电极喷射电沉积制备二维的镍枝晶,研究外加电压、电解质浓度、温度等对金属镍枝晶二维电沉积生长行为特性的影响,并从分形维数的角度对其进行分析.结果表明,在点电极电沉积时,枝晶的分形维数随外加电压的变化而波动,随NiSO4浓度和试验温度的升高而增大;气泡的析出使上述试验条件对枝晶生长特性的影响变得不明显.在喷射电沉积时,增大NiSO4浓度使气泡析出量减少,枝晶簇的分形维数随之减小,说明在大电流密度下,气泡对枝晶簇生长形貌的影响起主导作用;试验温度从55 ℃升高到60 ℃时分形维数先增加后减小.     

H2S水溶液中的腐蚀与缓蚀作用机理的研究——Ⅶ.H2S溶液中咪唑啉衍生物对碳钢腐蚀电极过程的影响

利用电化学测试技术，在H2S溶液中分别研究了14种咪唑啉衍生物浓度的变化对其缓蚀性能以及碳钢腐蚀电化学过程的影响，并对其缓蚀作用过程、缓蚀类型进行了分析探讨。结果表明，随药剂浓度升高，体系的自腐蚀电流和电极表面电容迅速减少，极化电阻增大，表明缓蚀剂分子在电极表面的吸附随药剂浓度的增加而增加，屏蔽效应增强；咪唑啉分子结构中憎水支链的长短对其缓蚀作用类型有重要影响，随支链中碳原子增加，化合物的缓蚀作用类型逐渐由阴极型向阳极型转变；按其对电极过程作用性质的不同，所研究的14种咪唑啉衍生物可分为阳极阴极缓蚀剂两组，其缓蚀作用主要是由于咪唑啉分子在电极表面的化学吸附所至。     

NaCl溶液中烷基咪唑对铜的缓蚀作用研究

采用电化学方法考察了3％NaCl溶液中2－正十一烷基咪唑对Cu的缓蚀作用，结果表明烷基咪唑对Cu电极的阴，阳极电化学过程均有明显的抑制作用，随着烷基咪唑浓度的增加，分子聚集体的形成，导致烷基咪唑在电极表面吸附程度的降低，其缓蚀能力有所下降。     

锌酸盐对Zn在KOH溶液中腐蚀及电化学行为的影响

用电化学方法研究了锌酸盐对Zn在KOH溶液中腐蚀及电化学行为的影响,提出了K2Zn(OH)4在高浓度时对析氢反应的促进机制,并对观察到的实验现象进行了讨论     

薄层液膜下金属电化学腐蚀电池的设计

设计了一种研究金属在薄层液膜下电化学行为的三电极腐蚀电池.该电池在降低研究电极和参比电极之间IR的同时消除了参比电极中离子对薄层液膜的污染,并且易于操作.通过稳态极化曲线和交流阻抗技术研究了该电池在薄层液膜下和在大量电解质溶液中的电化学行为,证明了该电池适合研究金属在大气中的电化学腐蚀行为.     

The effect of additives on the corrosion resistance of Zn electrode in alkaline battery system

Zn electrodes are widely used as an anode material in alkaline battery systems in highly concentrated KOH electrolyte. However, it is well known that their life cycle is significantly shortened due to dendrite growth caused by high dissolution and rapid electrochemical reaction. In this study, additives such as Ca(OH)_￡σ, citrate, tartrate, and gluconate were added to 40% KOH electrolyte solution at 25 and 5 wt.% Pb₃O₄ was mixed with the Zn electrode. The effects of both Pb₃O₄ and the additives on the electrochemical behavior of the Zn electrode were investigated through corrosion potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization curves, cyclic voltammetry, and SEM photographs. The addition of Pb₃O₄ had a considerable effect on decreasing the corrosion rate of the Zn electrode, and the corrosion potential of the Zn electrode with Pb₃O₄ addition shifted to a more positive potential than that of a pure Zn electrode. However, upon addition of other additives, the corrosion potential was slightly shifted to the negative direction again. The addition of 4 kinds of additives appeared to play an important role in improving the corrosion resistance. Moreover, among the four additives, tartrate displayed a relatively good effect in terms of increasing the corrosion resistance as well as improving the discharging characteristics among.     

锌在KOH溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为

用电化学方法研究了锌在浓ＫＯＨ溶液中的电化学行为，得出了锌在浓碱液中的电化学反应机理。利用弱极化曲线拟合法得出了锌的腐蚀速度与ＫＯＨ浓度的关系。     

Electrochemical Performance Improvement of AB5-type Metal Hydride Electrode by Adding KF in KOH Electrolyte

研究了在6mol/LKOH电解液中添加不同浓度KF对商用AB5-型贮氢合金的电化学性能的影响,研究发现合金的循环性能和循环后期的高倍率性能提高,通过XRD,SEM,SEI等分析表明,在电解液中添加KF生成的LaF3能显著提高合金耐腐蚀的能力,同时阻止合金电极在循环过程中析氢过电位降低,提高合金的动力学性能。     

Influence of sodium chloride and weak organic acids (flux residues) on electrochemical migration of tin on surface mount chip components

Abstract

The electrolytic properties of sodium chloride and no-clean solder flux residue, and their effects on electrochemical migration and dendrite growth on surface mount chip capacitors were investigated. The leakage current dependency on concentration of contaminants was measured by a solution conductivity method and compared with current measurements using DC voltage. The effect of electrolyte concentration and potential bias on the probability of electrochemical migration was investigated using a water droplet method on chip capacitors. The results from leakage current and conductivity measurement showed a difference which is caused by polarization effects, and demonstrated existing issues when indexing contamination levels on printed circuit board assemblies using a standardised solvent extract method. The experimental results showed that dendrite growth was dependent on the type and amount of contamination. The probability of migration becomes less dependent on the amount of contamination for sodium chloride at high concentrations. However, for organic acids from flux residues the migration probability shows an abrupt decrease with increasing concentration, which is attributed to a pH change in the condensed electrolyte phase.     

Electrochemical Deposition of Zinc-Based Composite Coatings Modified with Carbon Nanotubes from Alkaline Electrolyte

Protection of Metals and Physical Chemistry of Surfaces - Composite electrochemical coatings (CECs) based on zinc, modified with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) from an alkaline electrolyte in a pulsed...     

Influence of electrochemical properties on electrochemical migration of SnPb and SnBi solders

SnPb solders have been widely used in many fields because of their excellent solderability. To respond to environmental and health concerns regarding SnPb solders, it is necessary to develop lead-free solder for electronic assembly. In this paper, the resistance to the electrochemical migration of eutectic SnPb and SnBi solder alloys was evaluated and analyzed to detect the difference in the electrochemical migration behavior between these solders by their electrochemical properties. Pb and Bi additions to a Sn-base solder improved the resistance to electrochemical migration because of enhanced polarization properties. The resistance was closely related to the cathodic deposition efficiency and the anodic dissolution behavior. In addition, the composition of the dendrite formed by the electrochemical migration was related to the standard electrode potential of the alloying element.