TiAl合金表面激光重熔热障涂层组织及抗高温氧化性能

为了进一步提高TiAl合金表面等离子喷涂ZrO2-7%(质量分数)Y203热障陶瓷涂层的性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织和抗高温氧化性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了涂层形貌和微观结构,同时对其抗高温(850℃)氧化性能进行了考察.结果表明,等离子喷涂热障陶瓷涂层呈典型的层状堆积特征,有一定的孔隙且分布有微裂纹;经过激光重熔处理后,陶瓷涂层片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,获得了基本没有裂纹等缺陷的重熔层;整个重熔层包括界面没有明显特征的平面晶和上部沿热流方向生长的柱状晶组织.等离子喷涂热障涂层具有较好的抗高温氧化性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其抗高温氧化能力.     

TiAl合金表面激光重熔等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层研究

为了进一步提高TiAl合金表面等离子喷涂MCrAlY涂层的高温氧化性能,采用激光重熔工艺对涂层进行处理,研究了激光重熔对涂层微观组织及抗氧化性能的影响.用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析了涂层氧化前后的表面形貌、微观组织和相组成.结果表明:经过激光重熔处理后,涂层片层状组织得以消失,致密性提高,消除了喷涂层的大部分孔洞、夹杂等缺陷,同时使Al元素在涂层表面的重新分布,形成了Al的富集区;等离子喷涂MCrAlY层能显著提高TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能,经过激光重熔后可进一步提高其抗高温氧化性能.     

激光重熔对NiCrBSi等离子喷涂层显微结构和性能的影响

1Crl8Ni9Ti不锈钢表面的NiCrBSi等离子喷涂层存在孔洞及与基体结合差等缺陷,为此进行了激光重熔处理.采用扫描电镜和显微硬度压痕仪分别对涂层的显微结构和力学性能进行了对比研究,采用SRV试验机评价了涂层激光重熔前后的滑动摩擦磨损性能,研究了激光重熔对NiCrBSi等离子喷涂层结构和性能的影响.结果表明:经过激...     

激光重熔过程中激光功率对镁合金表面等离子喷涂YSZ涂层结构的影响

为了提高铝合金的综合性能,采用等离子喷涂技术在AZ31B镁合金表面沉积氧化钇部分稳定二氧化锆(YSZ)涂层,并采用二氧化碳激光器对涂层表面进行重熔处理,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜及三维激光成像显微镜研究了重熔激光功率对涂层物相组成、组织结构及表面形态的影响规律。结果表明:YSZ涂层在激光表面重熔过程中保持了相结构的稳定性,即喷涂态及激光重熔后的涂层均由非转变型的四方相组成;随激光功率的增大,重熔区厚度不断增加,且喷涂态涂层的层状组织结构在激光重熔后消失,气孔率降低;在激光处理过程中,产生了大量的内应力,导致纵向(垂直于涂层表面)裂纹的萌生及扩展;涂层表面粗糙度随激光功率的增加而不断降低,并且在功率低于400 W时下降更明显。     

激光表面重熔工艺参数对Al2O3涂层耐腐蚀性的影响

采用激光表面重熔的方法封闭等６出子喷涂层表面缝隙，可以有效防止腐蚀介质渗入，提高试样耐腐蚀性，。不同激光重熔工艺参数对涂层组织与耐蚀性影响很大。     

超音速火焰喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr层激光重熔后的冲蚀性能

利用激光重熔技术对超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)涂层进行改性处理,可改善涂层质量.采用HVOF技术在低碳钢表面喷涂Cr3C2-NiCr层,然后对其进行激光重熔处理,考察了熔覆后涂层的冲蚀性能.结果表明:HVOF层激光重熔后以不同角度冲蚀,30°冲蚀时冲蚀率最大,表现为塑性材料的冲蚀性能;激光重熔HVOF层在冲蚀初期冲蚀率较大,随着冲蚀次数的增加,冲蚀率降低,冲蚀性能最终优于低碳钢和HVOF层;HVOF层激光重熔后致密性提高.     

常规和纳米ZrO_2-7%Y_2O_3等离子喷涂热障层及其激光重熔后的抗热震性能

为了探讨激光重熔对等离子喷涂常规和纳米热障涂层(TBCs)的影响,采用等离子喷涂工艺在γ-TiAl合金表面制备了常规和纳米ZrO2-7%Y2O3TBCs,并对其进行激光重熔处理,研究了等离子喷涂常规TBCs、激光重熔-等离子喷涂常规TBCs、等离子喷涂纳米TBCs及激光重熔-等离子喷涂纳米TBCs 4种涂层在850℃下的抗热震性能。结果表明:4种TBCs热震失效次数依次为73,118,146,163次,相应的热震破坏形式分别为整体剥落、局部剥落、边角剥落和局部剥落;纳米结构有利于提高涂层的抗热震性能;激光重熔在一定程度上改善了等离子喷涂层的抗热震性能。     

等离子喷涂-激光重熔陶瓷涂层存在问题及改进措施

等离子喷涂是目前国内、外最常用的金属表面陶瓷涂层技术，但涂层的组织呈粗大的片层状、孔隙度较高、裂纹较多，且涂层与基材间为机械结合。等离子喷涂层的激光重熔为这一技术难题的解决提供了一条新的途径，使陶瓷材料的优异性能充分发挥出来。为此，综述了国内、外激光表面重熔等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层的研究现状，总结了等离子喷涂陶瓷涂层激光重熔后的组织特征与性能特点，分析了激光重熔过程中存在裂纹和剥落等问题的原因，提出了这些问题的解决途径，并展望了该项技术的应用前景。     

国外文摘

国外文摘责任编辑占小玲喷涂９５０４００１等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的激光重溶──ＬｏＰｅｚＶ．ＭａｔｅｒＳｃｉＥｎｇ，１９９３，１７２（１～２）：１８９（英文）分析了激光重熔等离子喷涂氧化铝涂层的厚度（１００、２００和３８０μｍ）对低合金钢性能的影响。激光...     

铜基体低压等离子体钨喷涂层激光重熔后的结构与性能

在紫铜上直接喷涂的金属钨(W)层容易出现早期剥落。采用低压等离子体技术制备了Ni-Cu底层、Ni-W中间层和W层;利用大功率CO2激光束对W涂层重熔,研究了激光重熔处理对W涂层显微组织、致密度、结合强度及显微硬度的影响。结果表明:低压等离子喷涂的W层主要呈层状结构,W颗粒熔化不充分,涂层中存在大量的孔洞等缺陷;激光重熔后,W涂层表面的W颗粒已完全熔化,并在激光冷效应的作用下形成了一层厚度约为300μm的细晶组织,W涂层的致密度、结合强度得到了明显的提高。     

TC4合金表面激光原位合成Ti／TiC生物涂层的组织结构及性能

为了提高医用TC4合金的耐磨性能,在其表面预置石墨粉,激光原位合成了Ti／TiC复合涂层,并分析了涂层的组织结构、显微硬度、耐磨性、耐蚀性及生物相容性。结果表明：涂层无气孔、裂纹等缺陷,组织为树枝晶状,显微硬度和耐磨性能较基材分别提高1倍和4．35倍,且耐蚀性及生物相容性较喷砂处理的医用TC4合金基材明显提高。     

镁合金激光选区熔化研究进展

镁合金作为最轻的金属结构材料,在汽车制造、生物医疗等领域具有极大的应用潜力。激光选区熔化成形镁合金具有高效的制备性能、良好的成分均匀性、优异的力学性能和耐腐蚀性能,因此激光选区熔化成为一种重要的镁合金制备和改性方法。对近几年激光选区熔化镁合金的研究进展进行了综述,从激光工艺参数(激光类型、体能量密度、激光功率、扫描速度、扫描模式、层厚、扫描间距、气氛控制与进粉速度)和粉体状态(粉末形状、粒径分布、粉末对激光束能量吸收率、粉末化学成分)2个方面讨论了该工艺的关键技术;按照纯镁、非稀土镁合金体系、稀土镁合金体系的分类,对激光选区熔化成形镁及镁合金的致密度与微观结构、力学性能与耐腐蚀性能进行了总结;分析了工艺参数与合金成分两方面对该工艺成形镁合金缺陷的影响。为减少激光选区熔化成形镁合金缺陷、均匀化晶粒、溶解硬脆二次相或析出强化相进而改善合金的结构与性能,许多研究对激光选区熔化成形镁合金进行了热等静压、固溶热处理和时效热处理,总结了上述处理方式对AZ体系、WE体系与Mg-Gd体系镁合金的改善效果。最后展望了激光选区熔化成形镁及镁合金在各领域的应用前景与未来可以进行研究的方向。     

40Cr钢表面涂敷层的磨损和腐蚀磨损研究

用掺有 10 %(w)CeO2 粉末的及未掺的KF 2 0 1铁基高强度耐磨合金粉末 ,对淬火态 40Cr钢材表面进行喷涂、喷熔和激光涂敷等表面处理 ,考察了用这 3种工艺制作的 6种涂层的显微组织、硬度分布、无润滑磨损和腐蚀磨损。结果表明 ,涂层的磨损抗力和腐蚀磨损抗力都比 40Cr钢基底的大为提高。激光涂敷层的磨损抗力达到淬火态 40Cr钢基底的 5倍以上 ,在 5 %盐水 +石英砂内进行腐蚀磨损试验 ,激光涂敷层的腐蚀磨损抗力达到 40Cr钢基底的 2倍以上。在KF 2 0 1粉末中掺入CeO2 ,Ce能使涂层组织细化 ,涂层磨损抗力与腐蚀磨损抗力得到进一步的提高。     

粉末表面化学镀铜烧结不锈钢的组织和腐蚀行为

研究了不锈钢粉末表面化学镀铜对烧结不锈钢组织和耐蚀性的影响.实验表明,以化学包覆不锈钢粉的形式加入1～5wt%的铜,在1150℃液相烧结时,在烧结不锈钢中,铜元素分布的均匀性以及烧结体的密度比机械混合方式加入铜都有很大提高;同时通过电化学实验表明,化学镀铜方式有利于提高不锈钢烧结体的耐蚀性.     

离焦量对激光熔覆层组织及性能的影响

目的改善40 Cr钢表面性能,提高其表面硬度、耐磨性及耐蚀性。方法利用扫描电子显微镜、显微硬度计、磨损试验机、电化学测试系统等对激光熔覆层组织及性能进行观察和分析。结果离焦量越大,熔覆粉末及基体表面熔化深度越浅,通过控制适当的离焦量可以获得结合良好的涂层;离焦量为110 mm时,激光束的快热快冷作用能获得细小均匀的组织,细晶能保证较高的硬度,耐磨性及耐蚀性均较好。结论 40Cr钢经激光熔覆处理后可显著改善其表面性能,适宜的离焦量有利于获得最佳性能。     

Nickel-based wear-resistant coatings by vacuum melting

In various coating processes nickel-based hard alloy powders are applied in either an atomized or a mechanically pulverized form. The coatings show good corrosion resistance, a high abrasion resistance and a relatively low melting point. Since boron is sparingly soluble in nickel, the boride Ni₃B forms a low melting eutectic at about 1000 °C with the nickel solid solution. Boron and silicon act simultaneously as deoxidizers and improve both the properties of the coating and the bonding to the substrate. Diffusion into the substrate occurs during the coating procedures.In this paper we discuss the behaviour of heterogeneous powder compounds with nickel hard alloys. For many applications mixtures with various carbides are used. During coating, reactions take place between the Ni-Cr matrix and the added carbides. These heterogeneous or quasi-alloys, which are used because of their abrasion resistance, are metastable.The abrasion resistance depends primarily on the phases as well as on their grain size, the grain size distribution and alterations to the matrix. When carbidic quasi-alloys are exposed to abrasion and corrosion at high temperatures, reactions of the existing phases during use cannot be completely excluded. Heat treatment causes changes in the structure and abrasion resistance of carbide-containing quasi-alloys.It is difficult to follow reactions which take place during coating either in the fused mass of quasi-alloys or in heterogeneous compounds. Because of their relatively low melting points nickel-based hard alloys can be coated by furnace melting. Hence carbide compounds with Ni-Cr-B-Si powder alloys are most suitable for research also. In these mechanical alloys segregation, of relevance to practical applications, can be studied as well as the formation of various phases during the coating or heat treatment processes.The behaviour of mixtures of Ni-Cr-B-Si powder alloy with different amounts of a number of carbides is reported. The structures of the resulting phases were studied and we tried to correlate these with the results of our abrasion tests.For tungsten carbide-nickel hard alloy mixtures the formation of the ? phase is influenced by the coating parameters and the matrix as well as by the diffusion of iron from the substrate into the coating.We also investigated mixtures of an Ni-Cr-B-Si matrix with TiC (Ti, W)C and NbC. The wear resistance against steel and SiC was measured. Various wear mechanisms and the properties of the carbide-matrix interface the wear results.     

Corrosion and drug release properties of EN-plating/PLGA composite coating on MAO film

The electroless nickel plating/poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide) composite coating (EN-plating/PLGA composite coating) was fabricated on the surface of the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) film of the magnesium alloy AZ81 to double control the corrosion and drug release in the hanks' solution. The EN-plating was fabricated on the MAO coating to improve the corrosion resistance by overlaying most pores and micro-cracks on the surface of the MAO film. Meanwhile, a double layered organic poly(dl-lactide-co-glycolide)/paclitaxel (PLGA/PTX) drug releasing coating with a top layered PLGA drug controlled releasing coating on EN plating was prepared to control the drug release rate by adjusting the different lactide: glycolide (LA:GA) ratio of PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the morphology and the composition of the EN-plating. The corrosion behavior of the magnesium alloy substrate and the status of the drug in the PLGA matrix were respectively evaluated by Potentiodynamic polarization and Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The drug release was determined by ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectrophotometer. EN-plating coating which was composed of compact cauliflower nodules was uniform in size and defect free with no pores or cracks. EN-plating could seal the microcracks and microholes on the outer layer of the MAO coating effectively. The corrosion resistance was improved by preventing the corrosive ions from diffusing to the magnesium alloy substrate. The drug release rate of PTX exhibited a nearly linear sustained-release profile with no significant burst releases.     

Anisotropic corrosion resistance of TiC reinforced Ni-based composites fabricated by selective laser melting

Electrochemical measurements on three planes of TiC/Inconel 718 composites fabricated by selective laser melting (SLM) were performed to study the corrosion property. The results showed that the YZ-plane with dense and fine columnar structures possessed high microhardness and superior corrosion resistance in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. For the XZ-plane, a decreased anti-corrosion property was observed owing to its inhomogeneous microstructures. While the XY-plane with large irregular pores and clustered ring-like structures was more susceptible to corrosion compared with the other two planes. Comparative analysis suggested that the anisotropic corrosion behaviors were significantly dependent on the surface defects, microstructure characteristics and added reinforcements.     

镁合金激光重熔后微弧氧化膜的微观组织和耐蚀性能

为了改善WE43镁合金的耐蚀性能,采用激光重熔(LSM)和微弧氧化(MAO)复合工艺对其表面进行了改性。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了WE43镁合金及其激光重熔层、微弧氧化膜层和激光重熔-微弧氧化膜层的微观组织、表面形貌和物相;通过GAMARY-Reference 600电化学工作站研究了其腐蚀行为,重点研究了镁合金激光重熔后微弧氧化膜层的微观组织、成分和耐蚀性能。结果表明:激光重熔使WE43镁合金晶粒细化、网状的β-Mg41Nd5相均匀分布和表面稀土元素Y及Nd增加,有效地改善了其耐蚀性能;微弧氧化膜和激光重熔后的微弧氧化膜层都可以显著提高WE43镁合金的耐蚀性能,但后者优于前者。     

时效态Mg-Gd-Y-Nd合金的组织结构及耐腐蚀性能

镁合金中加入Gd、Y、Nd等元素能提高其耐蚀性能,但目前对同时加入3种元素的情况研究较少。采用熔炼法制备了Mg-10Gd-3Y-Nd合金,并对其进行时效处理。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪等研究了时效态Mg-10Gd-3Y-Nd合金的微观组织及物相。通过静态失重法研究了时效态合金在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:时效态合金主要由基体α-Mg和晶间共晶相(Mg_5Gd、Mg_(24)Y_5)组成,Gd能够良好地固溶于镁合金基体中;随着NaCl溶液浓度的增加,时效态合金的腐蚀速率增加,腐蚀深坑严重,颗粒状腐蚀物逐渐转为粉状;第二相颗粒的存在能阻止腐蚀过程向更深的晶粒区域发展,降低了腐蚀程度,提高了合金的耐腐蚀性。