用PCVD法在1Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面沉积AIN薄膜的研究

采用等离子体化学气相沉积(PCVD)技术，以AlCl3作铝源在1Cr18Ni9不锈钢表面沉积AlN薄膜，探讨了不同沉积时间和温度对薄膜硬度的影响，并对AlN薄膜的耐蚀性进行了研究。试验结果表明，经500～550℃沉积4h，可以在不锈钢表面得到组织致密的AlN薄膜，其显微硬度最高可达1750HV0．025，在HCl溶液中的耐蚀性超过未镀膜的1Cr18Ni9不锈钢。     

TiN、AlN薄膜的摩擦磨损和抗高温氧化性能及机制

采用电弧离子镀工艺在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面沉积TiN、AlN薄膜,通过扫描电镜、摩擦磨损试验和高温氧化试验等方法研究了薄膜的微观结构、化学成分与其摩擦性能和抗高温氧化性能之间的关系,同时探讨了薄膜的摩擦磨损机制和高温氧化机制.     

TiN、AIN薄膜的摩擦磨损和抗高温氧化性能及机制

采用电弧离子镀工艺在1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面沉积TiN、AlN薄膜，通过扫描电镜、摩擦磨损试验和高温氧化试验等方法研究了薄膜的微观结构、化学成分与其摩擦性能和抗高温氧化性能之间的关系，同时探讨了薄膜的摩擦磨损机制和高温氧化机制。     

离子渗氮温度对不锈钢组织及性能的影响

对1Cr18NigTi、1Cr13、0Cr18Ni9不锈钢进行了不同温度的离子渗氮.利用金相显微镜及扫描电镜观察了渗氮层显微组织形貌;利用能谱仪测试了渗层中元素的含量及分布情况;利用HVS-1000型数显显微硬度计测定了渗层不同深度处的硬度变化;采用改制的摩擦磨损试验机测试了渗氮层的摩擦磨损特性;利用盐雾腐蚀试验箱测试了渗氮层的耐腐蚀性.结果表明,随渗氮温度增加,3种钢的渗层表层组织中氮化物量减少,高氮浓度的ε相转变为γ'相,440 ℃渗氮形成了氮在基体中的过饱和固溶相;1Cr13不锈钢比1Cr18Ni9Ti及0Cr18Ni9不锈钢的渗层厚;渗层表面硬度降低,但从表面向心部的峰值硬度增加;在一定范围内渗层耐磨性降低,但比未渗氮试样均提高4倍左右;渗层的耐盐雾腐蚀性降低,但440℃的低温渗层的耐蚀性与未渗氮试样差不多.     

冷变形对奥氏体不锈钢表面N离子注入的影响

研究了冷变形对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面N离子注入的影响。结果表明:冷变形对1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢的表面N离子注入有显著的加速作用;表面N离子注入在保持冷变形强化效果的同时在钢的表面注入层中形成含N的奥氏体γN相,使钢的表面硬度和疲劳性能进一步提高。冷变形和表面N离子注入复合强化可使1Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢获得更高的整体性能和表面性能的配合。     

钛氮离子注入对不锈钢在硝酸介质中腐蚀行为的影响

本文探索了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面离子注入Ti^ 及动态混合注入Ti-N^ 的工艺参数．采用动电位扫描法测定了样品在40%硝酸中的静态电化学性能。结果表明Ti^ 与动态混合注入Ti-N^ 均显著提高1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的耐蚀性；注入剂量不同样品的耐蚀性不同，且对应于某一特定注入剂量时样品的耐蚀性达到最佳状态。     

两种奥氏体不锈钢TIG焊接头力学性能及组织对比研究

针对3种厚度规格,开展了两种奥氏体不锈钢TIG焊接头力学性能及组织对比研究。两种不锈钢焊缝均成形良好,无目视可见缺陷。拉伸试验表明,两种材料接头均断于母材,0Cr18Ni9不仅接头的抗拉强度、硬度高于1Cr18Ni9Ti,并且硬度分布更均匀。1Cr18Ni9Ti接头组织中包含粗大的铁素体和奥氏体,而0Cr18Ni9接头组织中则有均匀细小的蠕虫状铁素体,因此力学性能较1Cr18Ni9Ti更为优异。     

不锈钢在海水飞溅区的腐蚀行为

总结了5种不锈钢在青岛海域飞溅区暴露16年的腐蚀行为和 规律.2Cr13在飞溅区不能维持其表面的钝态,耐蚀性较差.含16%Cr以上的不锈钢在飞 溅区有较好的耐蚀性.1Cr18Ni9Ti、00Cr19Ni10和000Cr18Mo2在飞溅区暴露2～4年间,F179 在1、2年间,点蚀速度较大,此后它们的点蚀深度随时间无明显加深.不锈钢在飞溅区的点 蚀密度随暴露时间增大.增加Cr含量、添加Mo能提高不锈 钢在飞溅区的耐蚀性.     

0Cr18Ni9钢表面等离子铌合金化及改性层抗晶间腐蚀性能的研究

采用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9奥氏体不锈钢表面形成厚22μm、均匀致密连续的渗铌合金层.用不锈钢10%草酸侵蚀试验方法对未渗铌和渗铌的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢试样的抗晶间腐蚀性能进行了对比;采用XRD对试样的相组成进行分析.结果表明,未渗铌0Cr18Ni9不锈钢呈现三类的沟状晶间腐蚀,而渗铌处理后的0Cr18Ni9不锈钢几乎没有发生晶间腐蚀;渗铌处理后的试样中形成了铌的碳化物NbC和Nb6C5,因此减少了Cr23C6的形成,提高了0Cr18Ni9的耐晶间腐蚀性能.     

超音速火焰喷涂Fe基合金涂层的抗汽蚀性能

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢基体上制备了200 pm厚的Fe基(含Cr、Ni等)合金涂层.采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、显微硬度计、磁致伸缩汽蚀仪对涂层的组织、硬度和抗汽蚀性能进行了研究.结果表明,Fe基合金涂层组织均匀致密,孔隙率低,具有层状结构,涂层的平均硬度为993 HV0.1,是基体硬度的5.8倍;Fe基涂层抗汽蚀性能明显优于1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢,1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢汽蚀沿晶界和孪晶界破坏,而Fe基合金涂层汽蚀沿表面微小孔隙破坏,破坏由孔隙边缘向外扩展,损伤程度由汽蚀试样表面中心向外递减,最终不同损伤程度的汽蚀坑分布于表面.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。