Individuals’ Innovation Response Behaviour: A Framework of Antecedents and Opportunities for Future Research

Innovation response behaviour is defined as individuals’ novelty‐supporting or novelty‐impeding action when navigating innovation initiatives through the organization. A typology of innovation response behaviour is developed, distinguishing between active and passive modes of conduct for novelty‐supporting and novelty‐impeding behaviour, respectively. The antecedents of innovation response behaviour are delineated based on West and Farr's five‐factor model of individual innovation. Moreover, we argue that within organizational contexts, individuals often fail to implement their ideas due to innovation barriers, perceived as factors that are beyond their control. Based on the theory of planned behaviour, we reveal how these barriers influence individuals’ intentional and exhibited innovation response behaviour. Propositions about proximal and distal antecedents of individuals’ innovation response behaviour are derived. Proposing a research framework to study the organizational process of innovation from an actor‐based perspective, this paper intends to link existing research on individual innovation with the process of innovation at the organizational level, explicitly accounting for the socio‐political dynamics and arising managerial problems associated with successful innovation implementation within organizational realities. Implications for research in innovation management are discussed and avenues for future research outlined.     

Innovation as Improvisation ‘In The Shadow’

In this article, we explore processes of innovation – which are inherently uncertain – from a complexity perspective, in which they are understood as new patterns of experiences as they emerge in human conversational interaction. We reflect on local interactions between people involved in emerging processes of innovation, with a particular emphasis on the improvisational nature of interaction. Through an abductive approach, by iterating actual experiences and our understanding of them, we show that such processes are collective efforts that take place as informal, highly improvised conversations — happening ‘below the radar’ — which may unpredictably offer windows of opportunity to enable change. We show that innovation often emerges as ‘shadow themes’, experienced as subversive by those involved in the moments of interaction. While these themes are embedded in informal conversations and processes, they can be induced by invitations – conscious or unconscious moves that encourage those involved to make spontaneous moves together in a mutually improvised context. Our experience shows that the emergence of shadow themes can have a long‐term impact on the organization and the people involved, and that managers may be ‘in charge but not in control’ of such innovation processes.     

Learning Organisations: The Process of Innovation and Technological Change

In the present scenario of globalisation, knowledge has become the prime factor of production for competitive advantage. This calls for acquisition and utilisation of knowledge for innovation and technical change on a constant basis, which is only possible in a ‘learning organisation’. Innovative activities of a learning organisation are influenced by three main factors: (1) internal learning; (2) external learning; and (3) the innovation strategies decided upon by the enterprise management. An assumption has been made that, particularly in developing countries, absorption and adaptation of technologies, i.e. indigenisation, take place through a process of ‘learning by doing’. Taking this into consideration, this paper focuses on a few case studies carried out at NISTADS, New Delhi, India, on small enterprises in the formal as well as traditional sectors, highlighting the learning process in an organisational context and how it brings in innovation and technological change at enterprise level. The study demonstrates that the learning environment in an organisational context is an indispensable process to be innovative and building up capabilities for technological change. This in turn also calls for strong networking of the enterprises with academia, R&D institutions and other enterprises, to create knowledge clusters. This builds up a strong case for a network approach of learning organisations not only at the regional level but also at the cross-cultural level for constant innovation and technical change.     

新发展机遇下软件工程教学模式探索与革新

软件工程是一门理论性和实践性都很强的课程,结合作者从事软件工程教学和科研的实际体会,从软件工程课程的教学现状分析出发,对软件工程教学方法与手段的改进、加强实践教学环节等方面进行了教学改革的实践探讨。     

基于应用能力与创新意识培养的实践教学体系设计

根据应用型本科院校计算机及相关专业教学的特点,在分析IT行业的调研数据以及本校软件设计相关课程体系和实践体系的基础上,本文提出基于应用能力与创新意识培养的实践教学体系观点,结合本校计算机及相关专业的教学实际,在软件设计相关课程方面取得了初步的效果。     

安徽软件产业技术创新体系构建探究

文章以安微软件产业为研究对象,介绍软件产业技术创新体系的内涵和体系架构,以及安徽软件产业发展和软件产业创新能力SWOT分析,在此基础上,建立安檄软件产业技术创新体系模型,从重塑创新主体和加强特色软件因为出发点,探寻安徽软件产业创新的多种模式,得出完善安徽软件产业技术创新相关政策的结论。     

It Capabilities, Business Processes, and Impact on the Bottom Line

During the 1990s, a great deal of attention was paid to the “productivity paradox” - the phenomenon that, for the U.S. economy, while huge business investments were being made in IT, no corresponding improvements in productivity were detectable. Since the early 1990s, the paradox has been debunked on technical grounds involving such things as its reliance on government-provided productivity data, its failure to consider increased consumer benefits from IT, etc.     

The Impact of Image Dimensions toward Online Consumers’ Perceptions of Product Aesthetics

Marketers and industrial designers devote considerable attention to the visual attributes of products, based on the premise that the visual appearance of products influences consumers’ judgments of the products’ attributes. This research investigated consumers’ perceptions about particular types of innovative products (revolutionary technology‐driven products), with 275 consumers sample purchased from an independent marketing company. To achieve the main goal, interrelations among image of product and aesthetics of product have been examined using structural equation modeling with two psychological moderators: consumer innovativeness and needs for uniqueness. The results of this study provide evidence that individual differences in uniqueness motivation moderated how online consumers’ perceptions of a product's image characteristics influenced perceptions of value showing consumers’ need for uniqueness was more influential toward perceptions of the product's value than perceptions of functional value. Consequently, these findings expand understanding of the consumer characteristics that respond to perceptions of products’ epistemic value.     

The Antecedents of Individual Innovative Behaviour in Temporary Group Innovation

This study examines the antecedents of individual innovative behaviour in short‐term innovation camp conditions. Innovation is increasingly a joint activity conducted in various kinds of temporary settings that collect widely diverse people together for a brief time to work on a particular problem. As innovativeness of interplaying individuals is key for the success of collaborative innovation, it is important to study what factors enhance individual innovative behaviour in temporary settings. Data from 103 innovation camp participants were the basis of PLS‐SEM analysis. Results show that individual creative self‐efficacy, perceived task orientation and experimentation have significant effects on individual innovative behaviour. In contrast, participative safety, support for innovation, and vision are not associated with individual innovativeness. These findings suggest that the antecedents of individual innovativeness in temporary settings differ from those identified in conventional groups, pointing to a new field for future research.     

Design Contribution to the Competitive Performance of SMEs: The Role of Design Innovation Capabilities

The strategic role of design‐driven innovation is being increasingly recognized. Many studies show that investments in design positively influence the innovative capacity of firms and consequently their competitive performance. However, few researchers have explored how this relationship comes about. The studies that over the years have contributed to the understanding of design have identified two main barriers: the lack of a common language on design, and poor analysis of the dynamics that characterize the relationship between investment in design and competitive performance. In this paper, we investigate six small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the Lombardy region of Italy that have received funding from a policy aimed to develop design innovation capabilities. We identify and discuss five different design innovation capabilities and we analyse their role in mediating the relationship between investment in design and competitive performance.     

网络技术与控制系统的技术创新

随着传感器技术和无线控制技术的不断发展,促进了基于网络技术的新型控制系统的发展。网络技术下的新控制系统主要以无线网络技术为主。新型控制技术结合了控制技术、网络技术、射频通信技术以及计算机技术等,实现了资源共享、高诊断能力和高移动性等新经济时代下人们对控制技术的要求。基于此,主要探讨了网络技术下新型控制系统的技术创新。     

Virtual Communities for Innovation: Influence Factors and Impact on Company Innovation

An extensive body of literature indicates the growing influence of virtual communities not only on social interaction, spending free time and working, but also on the interaction of companies with their customers to exchange information on products and to develop innovative ideas. However, engaging in virtual communities poses certain challenges to companies which more often than not results in failure to establish a successful collaboration with customers. This leads to the following questions: What are virtual communities and how can companies establish successful interaction? Why and how can interaction with a community lead to an improvement of the innovation process? This article develops a comprehensive concept of the collaboration between companies and virtual communities called community–company interaction quality (CCIQ). Based on insights from academic literature, this paper reviews factors influencing the quality of community–company interaction, suggesting an integrative framework. After developing a working definition for virtual communities in innovation, a summary of findings regarding interaction quality in context of human–technology interaction and behaviour related to innovation is proposed.     

逆变电源的发展与技术革新

以电力电子器件的发展为基点,阐述了逆变电源的3个发展阶段,介绍了其在光伏发电、风力发电、高压直流输电等方面的广泛应用,给出了相关的工作原理。结合PWM软开关技术、多电平技术、并联技术等几种目前比较流行的逆变电源技术,简要说明了逆变电源的技术革新。     

The Impact of Credit Rating on Innovation in a Two-Sector Evolutionary Model

Empirical evidence shows that innovative firms are often more constrained in obtaining external funds than less innovative firms. Explanations are based on the uncertain outcome and high costs of R&D effort. When providing credit, the lender assesses the creditworthiness of the borrower. She relies on financial data and market analysis. The financial data analysis reveals costs and the market outlook is linked to the uncertainty of future profitability. In this paper we examine whether the credit assessment behaviour of banks hurts firms of a more innovative sector more and how this affects long term innovative success and economic development. We use an evolutionary approach à la Nelson and Winter but with two sectors. A bank provides credit and supplies it to single firms based on a rating. We illuminate the impact of rating process characteristics on the long term outcome. When the bank does not distinguish for sector-specific features, such as risk and market outlook, the high-tech sector benefits over-proportionally because the surviving firms have a high profitability and further innovations are more likely. The way that the bank forms expectations about the market outlook influences the allocation of credit between sectors. The innovative sector is supplied more credit if the market outlook is assessed in a rather conservative fashion. The impact on aggregates however, is limited because the bank uses other pieces of information as well.     

棒材成品定长系统的技术改造

主要介绍济南钢铁集团总公司第二小型轧钢厂棒材轧线成品定长系统的技术改造方案和控制理论、硬件组成、成本分析及应用效果。     

基于创新思维培养的移动应用开发课程教学

传统的计算机入门编程课程重语法轻探索,学生在新知识学习中,传统的应试学习模式不利于激发学生学习应用开发类课程的兴趣,而笔者通过学习发现创新开发工具的出现,可极大提高学生的编程兴趣。笔者以谷歌公司的AppInventor技术为例,简要阐述基于创新思维培养的移动应用开发课程如何开展教学,如何通过趣味案例来吸引编程初学者的注意力和激发兴趣,达到提高学生元认知的教学目的。     

Exploring Relationships among Proactiveness,Risk‐Taking and Innovation Output in Family and Non‐Family Firms

In an empirical investigation of 532 Finnish firms, and using the entrepreneurial orientation (EO) literature to frame our arguments, we demonstrate that relationships among proactivity, risk‐taking and innovation output differ in family and non‐family firms. Specifically, we find evidence that risk‐taking does not affect innovation output in family firms, whereas in non‐family firms, innovation output is increased through risk‐taking. Also, proactive family firms influence their innovation output more positively than proactive non‐family firms do. This study adds important new insights to the growing knowledge of EO, which are discussed in the following for both academic and business audiences.     

基于改进KNN-DPC算法的科技创新人才分类研究

为了提高科技创新人才培养过程中人才层次分类的效果,提出了一种结合主成分的改进K近邻优化的密度峰值聚类算法(IKDPC).首先,论文将主成分分析思想及流程融入到K近邻优化的密度峰值聚类算法(KNN-DPC)中来提高对高维数据的处理能力;进而,为了克服复杂数据集和噪声点对KNN-DPC算法的影响,对局部密度度量方法进行了改...     

The Greeks had a Word for it: ‘PGP-J’, a Syllogistic Model of the Innovation Process,and a Case Example of Successful Innovation

The processes of individual conceptual discovery and its conversion into a new product or artifact are modelled in the form of a classical syllogism. The processes are represented as cycles of interaction of three mental processes of professionalism, generalism, and philosophy, within a communication domain ‘journalism’ (‘PGP-J’). The system is illustrated with examples including the multiple cycles of innovativeness required within the development of new generations of soil infiltrometers.     

Entrepreneurs’ Intentions and Partnership Towards Innovation: Evidence from the Japanese Film Industry

Many scholars have researched in the field of entrepreneurship and innovation; nevertheless, little attention has been given to a causal relationship between these two concepts; entrepreneurial intention and innovation. In the conventional view, a single outstanding entrepreneur has an intention to induce innovation, and connects market opportunities and resources. However, this view cannot fully explain the situation of entrepreneurial activities led by a team. This article presents a new research framework in entrepreneurship research. First, an entrepreneur can have a relational intention that leads to constructing a partnership. Second, such a partnership, not an individual entrepreneur, has an emerged innovative intention that leads to carrying out innovation in order to establish the competitive advantage. Adopting this framework, we examine cases in the Japanese film industry and clarifying the relational development between entrepreneur’s intention and innovation. From this study a new theoretical foundation on the dynamics of entrepreneurial intentions and outcomes in creative industries arises, and it unpacks the initial stage of innovation where organizations are newly created by employing micro viewpoints such as individuals and partnerships.