沐蓝天碧波 树绿色建筑——访深圳蓝波绿建集团总裁徐宁

我们想让建筑包含更多的东西,流血的、精力耗尽的、让人眩晕的、甚至破碎的;出血的、让人疼痛的、破裂的、有压力的、哭泣的。建筑应该是多孔的、炽热的、光滑的、坚硬的、有棱角的、野蛮的、圆形的、精细的、有色彩的、讨人厌的、贪婪的、做梦般、引诱人的、反叛的、湿的、干的和跳动的。活着或者死的。冷的,就如一块冰一样冷;热的,就如绚烂夺目的翼一样热。建筑必须绚烂夺目。——库珀·希墨尔布劳《建筑必须绚烂夺目》     

新材料GMT塑料建筑模板实际施工中的应用

本篇文章阐述了新型的材料GMT塑料的建筑的模板的技术性的职能、重要的施工的技术在施工过程当中应用。通过了施工的实际的证明,这种新型的GMT材料的塑料建筑的模板可以代替了木质的模板作为建筑当中的材料。不断的体现了循环的经济进一步的降低浪费的现象,做到了节能的可持续的发展的思想的观念,还具有突出了社会和经济上的效益的提高。     

建筑外墙保温施工技术和节能材料探微

随着我们国家的科学技术快速的提高,相应的我们国家的城市人口也在急剧的增长以及不断的集中,这就致使我们国家的城市人口不断的增加,相应的整个建筑行业也不断的扩大,但是,因为我们国家能够利用的资源越发的少,能源的消耗问题也越来越突出。随着我们国家的建筑技术不断的提高,相应的建筑材料也更加的多样化,对于一些新型的节能材料方面的利用以及实际的要求也越来越多。     

橡胶树的种植技术

随着现代科学技术不断的进步,我国橡胶树种植的面积越来越广泛,对橡胶树的病虫害的防治的要求也越来越高。在现代橡胶树的种植区域,橡胶树的病虫害是越来越严重,严重的限制了橡胶树的橡胶产量的提高和橡胶树的正常的生长。伴随着气候降水和太阳光照的影响,不同的地域的橡胶树生长的情况也是不同的,如何根据当地的生态环境进行病虫害的防治和树木的种植,需要遵循因地制宜的原则,全面、充分的对当地的地理环境进行综合分析,并且针对不同形态的病虫害制定不同的防治措施,做好应急预案,促进橡胶树的正常的生长。     

关于建设工程安全生产管理的探讨

随着我国的各种政策上的改革,我们国家的建筑市场上的封闭性大大的减弱,对外的开放也进一步的加大。因此越来越多的外国的建筑公司对我国的建筑市场的建筑的份额参与进来,所以我们国家的建筑业的竞争加大了很多。但是我们国家的建筑工程在实际施工工过程中的事故频繁发生,而且其中高危险、高发生率大大的减弱我们国家的建筑企业在市场上的竞争能力。而按照我们国家的一些专家的说法,事故产生的经常性发生的根本原因是建设时对其的工程上的管理不够。因此,本文就以工程建设过程中发生事故的原因进行基本的分析,并且对其的管理措施进行适当的探讨。     

浅谈如何提高高中生的学习主动性

随着我国高中的教学改革不断的推进,学生的自主学习能力已经成为了高中生学习的主要的方式,因为高中生学习主动性的裴燕可以为学生的终身学习打下坚实的基础。在学习的过程中还要掌握学习的方法和相关问题的解决方法,使得自己的学习主动性逐渐的培养起来,那么如何才能提高高中生的学习主动性也成为目前面临的问题。本文全面分析了高中学生的基本心理特征以及学习主动性的培养过程中存在的问题。最后给出了培养高中生学习主动性的主要方法,希望能够帮助学校在教学的过程中不断的培养学生的学习主动性,这样才能使得学生乐于学习,才能不断的提高学习的效果。实现教学的学习的目标。     

“天然”祭

是谁播下罪孽的种子是谁拉响了恐怖的导索是谁散发出灰色的迷雾让高昂的你瞬间走向墓地金钱的魅力镶进了豪派的彩球超荷的负重威逼让所有的努力化为干瘪的躯体找不到昔日的丰腴面对的是惨白的失血的面孔找不到昨天的孤傲面对的是“天意”留下的废墟玩火者用大把的钞票连同真理再次投入沸腾的炉膛救世的警钟只留下苍白的叹息这葬礼终于来临隆重而又凄婉的哀乐啊厚积的沉重的遗言究竟想告诉人们，或什么莫贪图辉煌的拥有莫逃避新生的“阵痛”清去蜕变的外壳重塑你永恒的生命“天然”祭@李红锋     

高层民用建筑设计中绿色建筑设计的应用

在当前现代化的建筑设计过程之中很好的遵循绿色建筑设计的理念,对于不断的增强建筑施工的水准和最终的效益有着关键性的影响,所以在实践当中还应当对此环节的内容进行深层次的研究和系统性的分析。文章将针对这一方面的内容展开论述,详细的分析了当前绿色建筑设计的基本现状,同时对设计的核心思想理念和最终的设计原则等进行了综合性的分析,旨在以此为基础更好的实现工作的发展,更好的促进工作迈向现代化的局面。     

小议路桥施工中防水路基面的处理技术

道路桥梁相关设施的建设随着我国经济社会的不断的发展也逐渐的发展起来,并且现已在我国的经济发展占有重要的地位。在工程施工过程中,对于修建工程使用寿命长短的的影响的因素较多,防水路基面质量的好坏就是一个重要的影响因素。它施工质量的好坏,在工程的具体施工的过程中受到修建工程的材料的选择、施工技术水平、对工程管理水平的高低等因素的制约,在道路桥梁的使用的过程中如果出现破裂,对于整个工程的质量将会造成严重的影响,更为严重的是,工程修建中存在的问题对于人们的安全也会产生不利的影响。本文针对我国现在在防水路基修建的过程中相关的技术进行研究分析,希望在以后工程建设的过程中能够作为参考,为工程施工提供技术借鉴。     

浅谈马克思的《1844经济学-哲学手稿》中人的本质的思想及其意义

人的本质是马克思主义人学的重要范畴。对人的本质的探讨是马克思的《手稿》探讨所有问题的源头。本文通过对人的本质的规定的阐述、人的本质的异化、恢复、局限的描写以及表达了人的本质在当代思想中所具有的意义。     

Zustandsuntersuchung und Instandsetzung am Hauptdach des Hauses der Kulturen der Welt in Berlin

The main roof of the ”Haus der Kulturen der Welt“ in Berlin Which is very well‐known on account of its history and striking structural design – was to be inspected by the author to determine its condition and analysed with regard to the durability of the existing liquid synthetic sealant. The roof structure consists of a biaxial, curved area‐covering structural element with circumferential edge beams of pre‐stressed lightweight concrete. This is the result of the reconstruction between 1984 and 1987 following a partial collapse of the then Berlin Congress Hall in 1980. The very thin roof shell is also made of lightweight concrete and, like the edge beams, has a polyurethane‐based spray‐on seal that was specially developed for this purpose as protection against the ingress of moisture. The reason why this, at the time, novel type of seal was chosen was that it should take into account the fact that the roof design urgently needed some kind of protection against moisture that had to compensate the expected changes shape and crack movements of the roof with no damage. The following article reports on the nature, scope and main results of the analysis of the condition of the roof seal, edge beams and abutments. It will also describe the repair recommendations resulting from the investigations, which form the basis of the execution of work at the present point in time. Apart from presenting the technical principles and special features of the building that have to be taken into account during any repairs, the special features of the execution will also be addressed.     

Magnetoelastische Spannkraftmessung in Bauwerken

Magnetoelastic Measurement of Prestressing Force in Civil Structures The knowledge of the tensile force of prestressing steel elements and its reliable and non‐destructive determination are of essential importance for the assessment of the structural health condition of prestressed concrete structures and tie‐back systems in terms of structural safety, serviceability and durability. For the evaluation of the prestressing force in steel tension members, the measurement technique presented in this contribution is using the magneto‐elastic effect (ME‐effect) of ferromagnetic materials. This effect describes the reverse‐proportional correlation between the mechanical stress and the magnetic properties of ferromagnetic materials. The cylindrical coiled sensors pushed over the tendon and the measuring device developed and practically optimized at the iBMB/MPA of the TU Braunschweig enable a fast and reliable measurement of the prestressing steel force after an initial calibration. In this contribution first the state of the art of prestress measurement techniques for steel tension members is presented. Afterwards, the ME‐measuring method with the basics and merits of magneto‐elastic prestressing force identification is shown. Further recent research results as well as several building applications will be discussed.     

Reliability of composite steel bridge beams designed following AASHTO''s LFD and LRFD specifications

Composite steel beam bridges designed following AASHTO's Load Factor Design (LFD) method and the newly developed Load and Resistance Factor Design method (LRFD) are proportioned for different loading conditions. They need to satisfy these conditions at maximum design load, an overloading condition, and fatigue load. The ultimate strength of compact composite steel beams is based on the fully plastic stress distribution. The capacity of non-compact beams is based on the yield or partially-plastic moment, depending on whether the beam violates all or few of the compactness or ductility requirements. In this paper, the reliability for the ultimate flexural capacity limit state of composite steel beams is investigated. The structural reliability is measured in terms of the reliability index. The statistical data on strength are generated starting from statistics on material properties and using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Statistical data on load components are compiled from the available literature. The scope of the study covers a wide range of rolled beams, span lengths, beam spacings, and two yield strengths. The deterministic study showed that the design of composite steel beams is usually not governed by the maximum design load combination, but rather by the overloading condition. The results of the reliability study indicate non-uniformity in the safety of steel bridges that are designed by the AASHTO LFD code. This is also true for AASHTO's LRFD code since it is not calibrated for the overloading condition. The value of the reliability index is a function of the compactness classification, method of design, beam spacing, span length, and section size.     

土体干缩裂隙的形成发育过程及机理

土体干缩开裂(龟裂)是一种常见的自然现象,龟裂的产生会破坏土体的完整性,极大地弱化土体的工程性质。基于室内试验结果,发现龟裂发育过程可分为3个典型阶段,具有很强的时序特征,且新生裂隙一般垂直已有裂隙生长。根据水土相互作用原理和基本土力学理论,建立了土体龟裂概念模型,对实验室和自然界中观测到的相关龟裂现象及其机理进行了分析,得到如下主要结论:(1)土体中存在收缩变形空间是龟裂发育的前提,主要与土质条件有关;(2)龟裂是土体发生张拉破坏的表现形式,孔隙水的表面张力及干燥过程中引起的基质吸力(毛细水作用力)会在土体中形成张拉应力场,这是导致龟裂的主要力学诱因;(3)当张拉应力场的大小超过土体的抗拉强度或土颗粒间的联接强度时,裂隙便会产生,导致局部区域积聚的应变能释放,应力场重新调整。从宏观上看,基质吸力和抗拉强度是控制龟裂发育的两个关键力学指标,但从微观上看,土体材料尤其是结构的非均质性对裂隙发育过程和裂隙网络的几何形态特征均有重要影响。通常情况下,大部分裂隙都是在饱和阶段产生,且裂隙产生时对应的临界含水率有可能高于液限;土体表面上的"杂点"易导致应力集中,裂隙往往率先在"杂点"处产生;(4)受表面和裂隙面张拉应力场的共同作用,表层土体边缘会发生向上卷曲变形,产生"煎饼效应"。此外,土体在收缩过程中还存在收缩核现象。     

Alternative Methods of Procurement for Works of Water and Environmental Management

The paper considers methods of procurement for the construction of water- and sewage-treatment works other than the traditional use of the ICE 5th Edition Conditions of Contract and Bills of Quantities. This is as a consequence of the speed at which schemes are currently required within the water industry.
The paper particularly focuses on the use of target contracts, using the Institution of Chemical Engineers'Green Book form, and considers various types of target. It also discusses the form which tender documents may take, and how targets may be calculated.
Tendering procedures, including the use of two-stage tenders and negotiated targets, are considered, as are the procedures for cost monitoring and the financial management of the contract. Finally, the role of the engineer and quantity surveyor is considered.     

Beanspruchung der Tunnelabdichtung durch den Herstellvorgang einer Tunnelinnenschale

Loading of the tunnel sealing system due to fresh concrete pressure This report deals with the loading of the geomembrane during the construction phase of the inner shell of a tunnel. In a systematic parameter analysis at the institute for underground construction at FH Münster the geomembrane and the geotextile were tested under different realistic conditions. Laboratory testing showed a dependence on the seal support surface of the shotcrete and on the characteristics of the geotextile. The deformations of the membranes due to fresh concrete pressure are significantly smaller than the permitted values in the technical regulations. The main results of the investigations are described below.     

Application of sonic and radar tests on the piers and walls of the Cathedral of Noto

The authors applied systematically sonic tests, radar tests and other diagnostic techniques on the remaining walls and piers of the Cathedral of Noto. The experimental survey was carried out by the Laboratory of the DIS, Politecnico of Milan (Person in Charge: Prof. Binda, Prof. Baronio) in collaboration with the designers (Ing. R. De Benedictis, Arch. S. Tringali) and the experts working on the reconstruction. The Prefettura of Siracusa founded the research. The right aisle and most of the dome of the Cathedral collapsed in 1996. The aim of the research was to verify the state of damage and the possibility of conservation of the walls and piers in view of the reconstruction of the damaged part of the Cathedral. Furthermore, the sonic tests were used to control the effect of grout injection used as a possible technique for repair of the damaged masonry (Proceedings of the Conference on Nondestructive Evaluation of Civil Structures and Materials, Boulder, Colorado; (1992) 329; Proceedings of the Sixth Conference on Structural Faults and Repair, 3 (1995) 195). In the following the results will be reported and the reliability of the tests will be discussed as it was confirmed by the use of other complementary diagnosis techniques (Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Structural Studies, Repairs and Maintenance of Historical Buildings, STREMAH 99, Dresden, Germany, (1999) 323).     

Die Rolle des Prüfingenieurs im System der vorbeugenden Gefahrenabwehr

The task of the check engineer in the preventative risk management system. The historical development of building regulations is characterised by the principle of preventative risk management. The current building regulation demands, that public safety and order, especially life, health and natural conditions are not endangered by buildings. The building control is the task of the state and shall be administered by the building authorities. Usually the building control of structural stability and fire protection is delegated by the authorities to state approved check engineers. It is of main importance, that check engineers are not dependent on the investor's economic interests. Up to now this independence has been ensured, because the check engineers are appointed directly by the building authorities. Due to deregulations in recent years some federal states changed their building regulations in such a form, that the risk management was not guaranteed completely. The independence of check engineers and thus the quality of risk management was severely weakened by allowing private commissions. In additon several structures were released from the obligation of checking. These changes disagree with the safety concept of DIN 1055‐100, which is adjusted wih the European Codes. The required safety level presupposes the independent checking of the structural design. Further risks of independence and quality of building checks by the check engineers can occur due to an uncritical use of the European Services Directive. In accordance with the experiences of the check engineers current risk analyses show, that it is essential for a modern preventative risk management system to align extent and intensity of authorized controlling to the hazard potential of the particular building project. Corresponding to the proposal of the German Association of Check Engineers on the IABSE‐Symposium 2007 the controlling measures should be graduated on the basis of Eurocode EN 1990 according to three hazard classes.     

CONTROL OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES: III. FUZZY-BASED CONTROLLER

In this paper, a real-time fuzzy-based controller of construction activities is proposed. Because of the numerous uncertainties associated with construction activities, their control requires a different approach than the traditional feedback methods. These methods are essentially based on the knowledge of a transfer function that models the input/output relationships for the controlled system. For a highly complex and uncertain system such as a construction activity, a fuzzy-based control strategy was found to be a suitable and effective approach. The proposed control system is built in two main levels, the process and the activity levels. Each level comprises two main units, namely, the fuzzy controller and the self learning algorithm. The implementation of the control actions can be performed by either manipulating the states of the variables for the purpose of improving the process output, or changing the process behavior function for the same purpose. Practical examples are presented wherever possible to illustrate the proposed control strategy.     

城市物质空间结构中的面元素

基于建筑师立场,对大尺度的城市物质空间的诠释和操作提出分类。主要提出镶嵌状的面．元素层叠形成的面．地块-街区-街道形成的面三种面元素。面元素与点元素和线元素的主要区别在于．城市中的面自身占据较大尺度的空间面积,而点和线元素则是局部的空间构成要素。结合具体案例深入解析三种面的诠释视角对设计操作的影响。在结论中点明了提出“点-线-面”诠释和操作城市物质空间的意义。