P波段步进线性调频雷达半实物仿真研究

步进线性调频信号是雷达系统中提高距离向分辨率的一种重要的信号形式。其有效降低了雷达高分辨率目标对硬件系统带宽的要求,以多个窄带信号综合的形式降低了雷达系统中DDS 信号源的带宽要求以及数据采集单元中AD 的采样率要求。半实物仿真可以方便、高效、低成本地验证雷达信号性能。搭建半实物仿真系统时主要使用的仪器是信号源和频谱仪。仿真时,在频域进行宽带合成,然后经过IFFT 变换到时域,通过对比信号的主瓣宽度来判断距离向分辨率的高低。实验结果表明随着步进次数的增多,距离向分辨率逐次提高。半实物仿真验证了步进调频技术提高距离向分辨率的技术路线,并为实际雷达系统设计提供了初步技术方案和参数优选手段。     

一种可靠的OFDM系统时间和频率同步方案

在无线信道中,由于多径和频偏的存在,影响了OFDM系统中同步的准确性.结合中国移动多媒体广播(CMMB)信道帧结构、调制及其信道,提出了一种适用于多径衰落信道、高频偏的OFDM系统时间和载波频率同步方案,能准确地完成帧同步和频偏估计.     

A Maximum Likelihood Fine Timing Estimation for Wireless OFDM Systems

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) systems are more sensitive to timing synchronization than single carrier systems. This paper presents a fine timing synchronization scheme which utilizes the channel impulse response (CIR) estimated from frequency-domain samples at OFDM receivers. A Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of timing offset is derived based on the probability distribution of the estimated CIR under time-varying multipath fading. The ML timing scheme is further developed for both integer precision and real-valued precision implementations. In the real-valued timing precision case, a delay locked loop (DLL) structure is devised as an effective way to implement the MLE. Both analysis and simulations of the proposed MLE showed significant improvement over existing schemes under time-varying multipath fading channels.      

Experimental Validation of Timing,Frequency and Phase Correction of Received Signals Using Software Defined Radio Testbed

Recently, almost all the wireless devices are being designed for the fast evolving technology of software-defined radios, which is a radio access technology that most of the signal processing components are implemented digitally in software rather than in hardware to redefine the functionality of components, reduce the cost and complexity of the systems. This paper presents a low cost, portable, and flexible frequency hopping signal record and playback system based on a general purpose software radio front end, the Universal Software Radio Peripheral N210 devices. Further, this paper addresses the different issues such as timing recovery, phase recovery and frequency correction. In addition to that various GNU schematics are created to show the effect of different signal processing blocks on a modulated signal and their corresponding outputs are presented in the view of time domain, frequency domain and waterfall sink.     

卫星移动通信中利用Chirp信号进行时频同步的算法

卫星移动通信中信号受到多普勒效应和阴影衰落效应的影响,导致信号变化快且很微弱,对系统接收性能影响很大.提出一种用于卫星移动通信终端下行链路时频同步新算法.根据本地扫频信号与接收Chirp信号相关后峰值频率变化规律来进行定时捕获,同时实现了频偏估计.通过仿真和分析,给出了不同信噪比环境下,利用Chirp信号进行定时捕获和频偏估计的性能.结果表明,在阴影衰落导致的信噪比很低和高速移动导致的多普勒频偏的情况下,定时捕获性能优越,频偏估计性能很好地满足系统要求.     

Online Hop Timing Detection and Frequency Estimation of Multiple FH Signals

This paper addresses the problem of online hop timing detection and frequency estimation of multiple frequency‐hopping (FH) signals with antenna arrays. The problem is deemed as a dynamic one, as no information about the hop timing, pattern, or rate is known in advance, and the hop rate may change during the observation time. The technique of particle filtering is introduced to solve this dynamic problem, and real‐time frequency and direction of arrival estimates of the FH signals can be obtained directly, while the hop timing is detected online according to the temporal autoregressive moving average process. The problem of network sorting is also addressed in this paper. Numerical examples are carried out to show the performance of the proposed method.     

估计时变幅值复线性调频信号的循环平稳方法及其统计性能分析

本文分析了利用循环平稳方法估计离散时间变幅值复线性调频（ＬＦＭ）信号参数的渐近统计性能，表明所得的时变幅值ＬＦＭ信号参数估计的均方差与相应的Ｃｒａｍｅｒ－Ｒａｏ界关于Ｔ的收敛性具有相同的数量级。模拟结果验证了所得结果的正确性。     

一种MPSK信号载频高精度实时估计算法

常用的对多阶相移键控(MPSK)载频进行高精度估计的算法运算量大,不适合实时处理。针对此问题,提出了一种新的MPSK信号载频高精度实时估计算法,对非线性变换后信号进行正交下变频和2级DFT处理,可对载频频率高精度的实时估计。通过计算机仿真试验验证了该算法的估计精度与直接DFT频率估计方法近似。     

Estimation of Multiple Accelerated Motions Using Chirp-Fourier Transform and Clustering

Motion estimation in the spatiotemporal domain has been extensively studied and many methodologies have been proposed, which, however, cannot handle both time-varying and multiple motions. Extending previously published ideas, we present an efficient method for estimating multiple, linearly time-varying motions. It is shown that the estimation of accelerated motions is equivalent to the parameter estimation of superpositioned chirp signals. From this viewpoint, one can exploit established signal processing tools such as the chirp-Fourier transform. It is shown that accelerated motion results in energy concentration along planes in the 4-D space: spatial frequencies-temporal frequency-chirp rate. Using fuzzy c-planes clustering, we estimate the plane/motion parameters. The effectiveness of our method is verified on both synthetic as well as real sequences and its advantages are highlighted     

Frequency and Timing Offset Estimation Using Single Reference Symbol

In this paper we will investigate the performance of an estimator employing single OFDM reference symbol for timing and frequency offset estimation. We will show how both coarse and fine frequency offset estimation can be performed with this single OFDM reference symbol. The performance of this estimator will be compared with the ML estimator employing OFDM reference symbols of different length for coarse and fine frequency offset estimation. It will be shown that, unlike ML estimator, the estimation range of the analyzed estimator is not constrained.     

SNR Enhancement Algorithm Using Multiple Chirp Symbols with Clock Drift for Accurate Ranging

A signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) enhancement algorithm using multiple chirp symbols with clock drift is proposed for accurate ranging. Improvement of the ranging performance can be achieved by using the multiple chirp symbols according to Cramer‐Rao lower bound; however, distortion caused by clock drift is inevitable practically. The distortion induced by the clock drift is approximated as a linear phase term, caused by carrier frequency offset, sampling time offset, and symbol time offset. SNR of the averaged chirp symbol obtained from the proposed algorithm based on the phase derotation and the symbol averaging is enhanced. Hence, the ranging performance is improved. The mathematical analysis of the SNR enhancement agrees with the simulations.     

Linear Companding Transform for the Reduction of Peak-to-Average Power Ratio of OFDM Signals

A major drawback of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals is their high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), which causes serious degradation in performance when a nonlinear power amplifier (PA) is used. Companding transform (CT) is a well-known method to reduce PAPR without restrictions on system parameters such as number of subcarriers, frame format and constellation type. Recently, a linear nonsymmetrical companding transform (LNST) that has better performance than logarithmic-based transforms such as $mu$-law companding was proposed. In this paper, a new linear companding transform (LCT) with more design flexibility than LNST is proposed. Computer simulations show that the proposed transform has a better PAPR reduction and bit error rate (BER) performance than LNST with better power spectral density (PSD).      

基于对称阵列Wigner-Ville分布的宽带线性调频信号AOA估计

本文提出了基于对称阵元Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)的宽带线性调频信号到达角(AOA)估计算法。该算法利用对称阵元输出延时参数的互补性和Wigner分布定义提取宽带信号方向向量,建立了新的空间时频矩阵。借助线性调频信号Wigner分布的良好时频聚集特性,适当选取时频点实现了对各个信号AOA的逐一估计。在新的空间时频矩阵模型基础上给出了基于信号子空间投影的AOA估计方法。它不需要对AOA的初始估计、聚汇和插值,减少了计算量,提高了精度,仿真实验证明了算法的有效性。     

Time Compression Multiplexing of Multiple Television Signals in Satellite Channels Using Chirp Transform Processors

Higher picture quality and better link utilization can be obtained using time compression multiplexing of color television signals in satellite channels instead of the conventional approach of frequency-division multiplexing. A time compression/expansion technique based on chirp transforms is proposed for such an application. The real-time chirp transform needed is realizable by surface acoustic wave devices. The processing itself introduces truncation distortion on the signal, but the distortion can be controlled to a negligible level by proper design of the chirp filter. Preliminary results are encouraging and indicate that the method is promising for future applications.     

利用训练序列的OFDM系统定时同步算法

在OFDM系统中,定时同步的好坏严重影响到接收端的接收。通过对各种已有定时同步方法的分析,利用CAZAC序列的良好特性,提出一种基于CAZAC训练序列的定时同步方法。改进后的算法能够很好地改善原有经典算法的峰值平台及测量不精确的问题。通过高斯白噪声信道仿真,证明了改进算法在定时同步方面较经典算法有明显提高。     

基于多通道数据融合的跳频信号频率跳变时刻估计算法

针对低信噪比条件下宽带高速跳频信号的参数估计问题,提出一种多通道数据融合跳频信号频率跳变时刻估计算法。该算法利用无盲区数字信道化预处理实现宽带跳频信号的全概率、全盲接收,通过数据融合得到一路包含全部频率跳变信息的参考信号,并利用该参考信号进行最大似然估计得到频率跳变时刻精确估计值。给出了所提出跳变时刻估计算法的Cramer-Rao下界并进行实验仿真。理论推导和仿真结果表明:针对一定的输入信噪比,适当选择信道化数和估计时间可实现较高的估计精度。在0dB信噪比条件下,采用16通道数字信道化处理,估计方差小于10-3。      

基于互相关的高精度多普勒频率变化率测量方法

提出了一种脉组间多普勒频率变化率的高精度测量算法,该算法利用脉组相邻脉冲对间的互相关函数估计脉组模糊频率,在连续脉组间选择任一相同模糊频率进行解模糊得到各脉组相对频率,因为这些相对频率包含相同的模糊,所以可以利用差分或滤波算法得到脉组间多普勒频率变化率;计算机仿真和试验均证明了该测量算法的有效性。     

基于延迟相乘的相关跳频信号鲁棒检测

从相关跳频扩谱系统在每一跳中发送频率恒定的正弦波这一典型特征出发,对相关跳频扩谱信号在经过延迟相乘低通处理后所具有的基于跳驻留时间的恒值特性进行了研究。提出了一种可实现对相关跳频扩谱信号侦察检测的有效方法——基于延迟相乘低通滤波的相关分析法。计算机仿真显示该方法不但能在低信噪比环境下凸现相关跳频扩谱信号的特征,而且同时能够实现对跳驻留时间的估计。     

基于单个频点的水声信号盲源分离

该文提出基于单个频点的卷积信号盲源分离方法,利用该方法不但可以有效克服频域盲分离过程中排序不确定问题,而且在分离过程中,无需考虑幅度不一致问题。将该方法用于水声信号的盲分离,仿真结果表明基于单个频点盲源分离方法能够很好地分离水声卷积混合信号。与基于两个频点盲源分离方法相比较,其分离效果更优,并且能有效节省CPU运算时间,因而更适合于对信号进行实时处理。