硅油浸渍对树脂基滑板/铜抗电弧侵蚀磨损性能的影响

采用二次热压和真空浸渍工艺制备树脂基受电弓滑板试样.并模拟滑板正常运行条件进行室内载流磨损实验,通过SEM和EDS分别对滑板磨损表面及其磨屑、截面形貌和滑板元素成分进行分析.结果表明,在载流磨损过程中,随电流密度和滑行速度的增加滑板的磨损率逐渐增大:硅油能有效地抑制滑板/铜在周期性接触-分离条件下产生的交流电弧,未浸渍处理滑板的磨损率比经真空浸渍处理的大1.6～2.1倍;滑板/铜载流磨损机理主要为电弧侵蚀磨损和氧化磨损的交互作用,同时伴随着粘着磨损;在电弧作用下,硅油受热气化和发生热分解吸收部分电弧热,有利于弧隙熄弧.     

电流及其极性对浸铜碳滑板摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了电流及其极性对浸铜碳滑板摩擦磨损性能的影响.利用SEM观察浸铜碳滑板磨损表面的形貌.结果表明,施加电流显著增加浸铜碳滑板的磨损量,但降低摩擦系数.浸铜碳滑板为正极时的磨损量比其为负极时的大,而2种极性条件下的摩擦系数相近;电流越大,磨损表面损伤越严重;正极磨损表面的氧化比负极剧烈.磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和电弧烧蚀.     

电流及其极性对浸铜碳滑板摩擦磨损性能的影响

研究了电流及其极性对浸铜碳滑板摩擦磨损性能的影响.利用SEM观察浸铜碳滑板磨损表面的形貌.结果表明,施加电流显著增加浸铜碳滑板的磨损量,但降低摩擦系数.浸铜碳滑板为正极时的磨损量比其为负极时的大,而2种极性条件下的摩擦系数相近;电流越大,磨损表面损伤越严重;正极磨损表面的氧化比负极剧烈.磨损机理主要为磨粒磨损、黏着磨损和电弧烧蚀.     

电流密度对铬青铜/黄铜载流配副表面温度和摩擦学特性的影响

在自制的销盘式载流摩擦磨损试验机上,采用热电偶测量法检测不同电流密度下销试样的表面温度;研究滑动速度和电流密度对配副摩擦磨损性能的影响,采用扫描电镜观察载流磨损后黄铜表面形貌。结果表明：电流密度对铬青铜/黄铜配副的摩擦学特性和表面温度有显著影响;在载流条件下,摩擦表面的温度比无电流时明显升高,电流密度越大,表面温度越高;滑动速度较低时,电流密度对材料表面温度的影响更为显著;随电流密度的增加,铬青铜/黄铜配副的摩擦因数降低,黄铜销试样的磨损率升高;磨损表面存在电弧侵蚀,电弧的存在加剧材料的磨损。     

Ti3SiC2系材料的载流磨损特性及机理

研究了三元层状化合物钛硅碳(Ti3SiC2)和钛铝碳(Ti3AlC2)材料的载流磨损特性,探讨了在大电流、热应力和摩擦力的交互和耦合作用下Ti3SiC2系材料的支配性磨损机理.试验在盘-块式大功率载流高速摩擦试验机上进行,用A3钢盘为对磨体;滑动速度为20 m/s,法向压强为0.4～0.8 MPa,电流强度为0,50和100 A.结果表明,在适当的速度和载荷条件下,Ti3SiC2系材料表现出良好的载流摩擦学特性.但载流条件下的磨损率都比非载流条件下的大,且随电流强度而增大.通过SEM&EDS观察、分析,载流条件下的Ti3SiC2系材料的磨损主要由微电弧烧蚀与机械摩擦的交互作用及热-力耦合作用两部分共同影响.微电弧烧蚀作用引起Ti3SiC2系材料表层氧化、熔融和分解以及亚表层裂纹,因而耐磨性发生改变.通电条件下的电热效应和摩擦热的耦合作用也对Ti3SiC2系材料的耐磨性产生影响.力-电-热的交互和耦合作用哪部分占主导机制取决于Ti3SiC2系材料的物理参数及载荷、速度等外部条件因素.     

Ti3SiC2系材料的载流磨损特性及机理

研究了三元层状化合物钛硅碳（Ti3SiC2）和钛铝碳（Ti3AlC2）材料的载流磨损特性，探讨了在大电流、热应力和摩擦力的交互和耦合作用下Ti3SiC2系材料的支配性磨损机理。试验在盘一块式大功率载流高速摩擦试验机上进行，用A3钢盘为对磨体；滑动速度为20m／s，法向压强为0．4～0．8MPa，电流强度为0.50和100A。结果表明，在适当的速度和载荷条件下，Ti3SiC2系材料表现出良好的载流摩擦学特性。但载流条件下的磨损率都比非载流条件下的大，且随电流强度而增大。通过SEM＆EDS观察、分析，载流条件下的Ti3SiC2系材料的磨损主要由微电弧烧蚀与机械摩擦的交互作用及热-力耦合作用两部分共同影响。微电弧烧蚀作用引起Ti3SiC2系材料表层氧化、熔融和分解以及亚表层裂纹，因而耐磨性发生改变。通电条件下的电热效应和摩擦热的耦合作用也对Ti3SiC2系材料的耐磨性产生影响。力-电-热的交互和耦合作用哪部分占主导机制取决于Ti3SiC2系材料的物理参数及载荷、速度等外部条件因素。     

载流条件下铜基粉末冶金滑板材料的电弧侵蚀防护

以粉末冶金/铬青铜为摩擦副,在销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上进行了载流摩擦学特性研究,结果显示:电流对电弧能量的大小有影响,载荷、速度对电弧能量有显著影响;可以找出一组电流、速度、载荷的最接近最佳匹配的数据,把电弧对粉末冶金滑板材料侵蚀程度减到最小;在水雾条件下,低速可以减小铜基粉末冶金滑板材料的质量磨损率.在最佳的表面粗糙度下电弧能量、质量磨损率最小;摩擦副材料的匹配性可以减小滑板材料的质量磨损率.     

速度对铜基粉末冶金/铬青铜摩擦副载流特性的影响

在自制的销-盘式载流摩擦磨损试验机上,对铜基粉末冶金/铬青铜摩擦副载流特性进行了研究。结果表明,离线率随速度的增大近乎呈线性增大;滑动速度较高时,载流效率迅速降低,载流稳定性升高,载流质量急剧下降;载流效率、载流稳定性与电弧能量的大小密切相关,电弧能量越大,载流质量越差。     

Cu-Cr-Zr合金电滑动磨损行为研究

将经过480℃×2 h时效处理和拉拔成形制得的Cu-0.40Cr-0.10Zr合金线材在自制电磨损试验机上进行电滑动磨损实验,并运用扫描电子显微镜、能谱分析等方法对Cu-Cr-Zr合金滑动磨损表面形貌及电磨损机理进行了观察和分析.结果表明,在不加载电流的情况下,Cu-Cr-Zr合金的滑动磨损机制为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损;在载流条件下的磨损机制为粘着磨损、磨粒磨损以及电烧蚀磨损,并且随着电流强度的增大,粘着磨损和电烧蚀磨损的程度也越严重.     

碳/铜载流滑动摩擦过程中摩擦学与电弧行为

在先进的多功能摩擦磨损试验机上,对碳刷/铜环在有、无电流条件下的滑动摩擦学行为进行研究,并对电弧行为进行分析。结果表明：法向载荷是载流摩擦过程中电弧产生的主要控制因素之一;电弧强度随法向载荷的降低而增强,随电流的增大而增强;摩擦过程的不稳定和摩擦系数的波动强烈地依赖于电弧;碳刷的磨损量和磨损机制受电弧影响显著;当没有电弧产生时,在有、无电流条件下碳刷的磨损量没有显著差别,此时,碳刷磨损机理主要是机械磨损;当有电弧产生时,载流条件下碳刷的磨损量远高于无电流实验的,并随着电流的增大和法向载荷的降低而迅速增大,磨损机理主要是电弧烧蚀和粘着磨损,并伴有一定的材料转移。     

单晶铜线材载流摩擦磨损行为研究

在经改制过的MS-T3000摩擦磨损试验机上,以黄铜为摩擦副,对热型连铸技术制备的单晶铜进行载流摩擦磨损试验,研究了电流对单晶铜导线载流摩擦磨损行为的影响。结果表明:电流强度对单晶铜干摩擦磨损行为有显著影响。电流在0~15 A范围内,随着电流的增加,摩擦系数与磨损率变化基本一致,呈现先减少后增加的趋势。电流较小时,接触电阻也比较小且较稳定;电流高时,接触电阻比较大,波动剧烈,而且有电弧出现。单晶铜导线在带电条件下的主要磨损形式为磨粒磨损、粘着磨损以及以电化学作用为主的氧化磨损或腐蚀磨损。     

Electrotribological property of the Cu−Ag−Cr alloy with high-strength and high-conductivity

By means of a vacuum induction furnace, a Cu−Ag−Cr alloy was produced. The electrotribological property and mechanism of the Cu−Ag−Cr alloy wear studied via wear property tests, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Wear tests were conducted with a specially designed sliding wear tester, which simulated the tribological conditions of sliding current collectors on contact wires in a railway system. The alloy wire was slid against a copperbased powder metallurgy strip under non-lubricated conditions. The results showed that the wear rate of Cu−Ag−Cr alloy increases as the sliding speed increases under a normal load. Adhesive wear, abrasive wear, and electrical erosion wear are the governing wear mechanisms under the electrical current sliding processes. Under the same conditions, the wear resistance of the Cu−Ag−Cr alloy is 2–3 times that of the Cu−Ag alloy.     

超音速等离子喷涂Mo涂层的载流摩擦磨损性能

采用超音速等离子喷涂技术在45CrNiMoVA钢表面制备Mo涂层，利用场发射扫描显微镜（SEM）、X射线能谱分析仪（EDS）观测涂层显微形貌与组织成分，分析了载流摩擦中的电接触模型及电弧成因，利用滑动式摩擦试验机研究了电流强度对涂层粗糙度、表面温升及摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明：制备的Mo涂层组织致密、氧化程度低，与基体结合方式为“机械铆合”；随电流增加，摩擦副间电弧能量急剧升高，起弧率与表面粗糙度先降低，后上升。其中收缩电阻和微电容产生的自感电动势促进了电弧形成；摩擦副表面的温升由摩擦热、焦耳热、电弧热共同决定，与电流强度呈正相关；摩擦因数受表面粗糙度、材料剪切强度、表面膜等因素共同影响，随电流增加呈下降趋势。此外，载流条件下会出现黏着磨损、氧化磨损、电弧烧蚀等磨损，加剧了涂层剥落与磨粒磨损，但形成的摩擦膜可以有效保护涂层，降低磨损率。     

Electrotribological behavior of Cu−Ag−Zr contact wire against copper-base strip

Cu−Ag−Zr alloy has an excellent combination of mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, and is a promising contact wire material for high-speed electrified railways. An investigation of the electritrobological behavior of Cu−Ag−Zr wire is presented here. Wear tests are conducted under laboratory conditions with a specified sliding wear tester that simulated train motion under an electrical current applied across the sliding interface. The Cu−Ag−Zr alloy wire is slid against a copper-based powder metallurgy strip used in railway systems under unlubricated conditions. Worn surfaces of the Cu−Ag−Zr alloy wire are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrum (EDS). Within the studied range of electrical current, normal pressure, and sliding speed, the wear rate increases with increasing electrical current and sliding distance. Adhesive wear, abrasive wear, and electrical erosion are the dominant mechanisms during the electrical sliding processes. Compared with a Cu−Ag contact wire under the same test conditions, the Cu−Ag−Zr alloy wire has much better wear resistance.     

NiCrBSiWCe合金粉末喷熔层滑动磨损特性研究

采用热喷熔方法在45钢表面制备了NiCrBSiWCe合金粉末喷熔层,在SRV磨损试验机上进行小振幅滑动磨损试验研究.结果表明,NiCrBSiWCe合金喷熔层的摩擦磨损性能明显高于SAE52100钢.在较低载荷和滑动速度较低下,小振幅滑动磨损机理为磨损表面的划痕、裂纹和疲劳脱层.而在较高滑动速度下,小振幅滑动磨损机理为磨损表面的氧化磨屑层的形成,含稀土的磨屑层阻碍了喷熔层小振幅滑动磨损.     

Influence of some test parameters on dry sliding wear characteristics of a zinc-11.5% aluminum alloy

This study analyzes observations made pertaining to the sliding wear response of a Zn-11.5% Al alloy in different test conditions. The wear rate and frictional heating increased with sliding speed and pressure. Seizure pressure of the samples reduced with the test speed. Frictional heating, the severity of surface and subsurface damage, and debris size increased with speed and pressure. Sticking of debris particles on the specimen surface was noted at low sliding speed. Specimen seizure was caused by the application of high pressure in view of excessive adherence of the specimen material on to the disk surface. Considerable wear-induced subsurface deformation took place in general; the degree of deformation decreased as the depth below the wear surface increased. Wear behavior of the samples is discussed in terms of the lubricating nature and thermal stability of its various microconstituents and specific characteristics of wear surfaces, subsurface regions, and debris particles.     

载荷和滑动速度对块体镁基非晶合金干摩擦性能的影响

目的以制备的Mg_(59.5)Cu_(22.9)Ag_(6.6)Gd_(11)块体镁基非晶合金为基础,探索法向载荷和滑动速度影响镁基非晶合金干摩擦行为的规律和机制,为进一步研究镁基非晶合金提供实验依据。方法采用UMT-2多功能摩擦磨损机,改变法向载荷和滑动速度的大小,进行摩擦磨损实验。通过白光干涉轮廓仪测出磨损轨迹的宽度和深度,再根据公式计算出磨损体积和磨损率。利用扫描电镜和EDS能谱分析磨损轨迹,揭示非晶合金的磨损机制。结果随着载荷的增加,磨损率先减小后稳定,摩擦系数略有减小。随着滑动速度的增加,磨损率先减小后增大,在相对滑动速度为120 mm/s时出现最小值。载荷小于20 N时,磨痕表面布满犁沟和小颗粒状磨屑;载荷大于20 N时,磨痕表面出现层叠状非均匀塑性变形层,对磨球表面转移膜粘连明显。滑动速度低时,磨痕表面布满犁沟,随着速度的增加,先是软化均匀流变,接着出现熔化、剥落。结论块体非晶镁基合金在低载荷下以磨粒磨损为主,还伴随着氧化、少量的粘着;载荷大于20 N时,变为粘着磨损为主。低滑动速度下以磨粒磨损为主,当滑动速度为180 mm/s时,试样表面熔化失效,磨损方式为剥落和磨粒磨损的综合。     

Tribological behavior and wear mechanism of resin-matrix contact strip against copper with electrical current

The resin-matrix pantograph contact strip （RMPCS）, which has excellent abrasion resistance with electrical current and friction-reducing function, was developed in view of the traditional contact strips with high maintenance cost, high wear rate with electrical current and severe damage to the copper conducting wire. The characteristics of worn surfaces, cross-section and typical elemental distributions of RMPCS were studied by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and energy dispersion spectrometry （EDS）. The wear behavior and arc discharge of RMPCS against copper were investigated with self-made electrical wear tester. The results show that the electrical current plays a critical role in determining the wear behavior, and the wear rate of the RMPCS against copper with electrical current is 2.7-5.8 times higher than the value without electrical current. The wear rate of the contact strip increases with the increase of the sliding speed and electrical current density. The main wear mechanism of RMPCS against copper without electrical current is low stress grain abrasive and slightly adhesive wear, while arc erosion wear and oxidation wear are the dominate mechanism with electrical current, which is accompanied by adhesive wear during the process of wear.     

CrAISiN涂层与不同材料配副时的摩擦学特性

目的 研究CrAlSiN涂层分别与304不锈钢、TC4钛合金、Al2O3陶瓷和GCr15钢四种不同材料配副时的摩擦学特性.方法 采用阴极电弧离子镀技术在M35高速钢上制备了CrAlSiN涂层,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、显微硬度计、划痕仪、球-盘式摩擦磨损试验仪和3D轮廓仪分别测试了涂层的结构和性能.结果 CrAlSiN涂层与304不锈钢、TC4钛合金和GCr15钢配副时的磨损形式为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,其中与亲和性高的304不锈钢、TC4钛合金粘着磨损严重.CrAlSiN涂层与不锈钢对磨时,摩擦系数最高,达到0.71;与GCr15钢对磨时,摩擦系数最低,但摩擦系数波动大;与钛合金对磨时,摩擦系数介于两者之间.CrAlSiN涂层与亲和性较差的Al2O3陶瓷之间的磨损形式为磨粒磨损,随着磨损的进行,摩擦系数逐渐降低.结论 CrAlSiN涂层与亲和性较高的材料对磨时,磨损形式为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损,与亲和性较差的Al2O3对磨时为磨粒磨损.