退火工艺对钎焊铝箔抗下垂能力的影响

研究了中间退火工艺以及最终成品退火工艺对3003-Zn钎焊铝箔组织和性能的影响.采用偏振光金相技术和TEM分析了铝箔的微观组织,测量了经不同热处理工艺后铝箔的抗拉强度及其成品的抗下垂性.试验结果表明,中间退火工艺为380℃×2 h时铝箔发生完全回复再结晶,且具有大晶粒组织.成品退火消除了铝箔的亚晶结构,有大量化合物析出相,显著提高铝箔的抗下垂能力.     

化学成分及退火工艺对3003合金组织的影响

本文采用三种合金成分及多种退火工艺制度对3003合金冷轧板材进行试验,研究合金成分及退火工艺对3003合金冷轧板材O态退火组织的影响。结果表明:在控制Fe/Si比的前提下,适当提高Fe的含量及降低Mn的含量有利于成品退火晶粒的细化。由于箱式炉退火时金属加热速度有限(30~40℃/h),提高退火温度对3003合金冷轧板材O态成品退火后晶粒的影响很小,330、360、390℃温度下的晶粒尺寸基本在一个等级。而气垫炉退火有高温短时的特点,退火过程中金属加热速度快,有利于再结晶形核质点的增加,最终大大细化3003合金冷轧板材O态成品退火的晶粒组织。     

退火制度对铝箔性能的影响

通过对8011合金进行不同工艺的退火试验,得出退火温度、铝箔厚度对铝箔在成品退火时力学性能的影响,并从理论上分析讨论了产生这种影响的原因.     

预变形及退火对高纯铝箔立方织构的影响

应用TEM和晶体取向分布函数方法研究和分析了预变形和退火工艺对高纯铝箔立方织构的影响。研究结果表明 ,预变形及退火主要通过影响晶体内的储存能大小 ,来影响Fe、Si的析出过程 ,影响成品箔材中立方织构 { 10 0 }〈0 0 1〉取向密度的大小。由于成品退火前Fe、Si能充分固溶在铝基体中 ,成品低温退火阶段可促使Fe、Si析出 ,增加立方取向晶粒的形核率 ,使成品在高温退火阶段晶粒沿立方取向择优长大 ,大大增加了高纯铝箔中立方织构的比例     

3102铝合金空调箔成品退火工艺优化研究

通过试验研究,确定了0. 095 mm厚的3102铝合金箔的优化成品退火工艺为:2 h炉气升温至290℃,保温12h,经0. 5 h炉气降温至275℃,保温10 h后箔卷出炉空冷。采用此优化工艺进行成品退火,箔材的性能满足空调箔的要求,又比优化前的退火工艺节省约6 h,降低了能耗。     

工艺条件对宽幅单张铝箔退火质量的影响

按原有工艺生产厚度0.02～0.07毫米、宽度500～1000毫米的铝箔时,箔卷经成品退火后不同程度地出现管芯塌陷、卷内异味、表面桔皮和油斑等缺陷,严重影响铝箔的质量。通过一系列试验,发现成品退火制度、箔材表面轧制油吸附量、轧制油中的机械油含量、箔材表面形貌均对其有影响,其中以表面形貌的影响最大。     

成品退火工艺对高压光箔立方织构的影响

通过选择不同的退火工艺方案，采用织构定量办法，用西门子D5000型X射线仪进行检测。用正态分布函数拟合计算法计算退火箔立方织构的占有率，研究了成品退火工艺对高压光箔立方织构占有率的影响。     

工艺条件对宽幅单张铝箱退火质量的影响

按原有工艺生产厚度０．０２－０．０７毫米，宽度５００－１０００毫米的铝箔时，箔卷经成品退火后不同程度地出现管芯塌陷，卷内异味，表面桔皮和油斑等缺陷，严重影响铝箔的质量。通过一系列试验，发现成品退火制度，箔材表面轧制油吸附量，轧制油中的机械油含量，箔材表面形貌均对其有影响，其中以表面形貌的影响最大。     

获得高质量的高纯铝成品退火箔的措施

叙述了在真空炉中进行高纯铝成品箔退火过程中，料卷进炉前的管理措施和进炉后抽真空阶段遇到的问题和解决途径，以及加热退火过程中工艺参数的合理选择。     

钛管材电接触式退火工艺研究

本文就电接触式快速加热、保温法对纯钛管材实施大气退火的可行性及工艺进行了尝试.实验证明,采用该方式在1-2 min内将管坯加热至700-800℃、保温1 min,可获得良好的再结晶组织与力学性能,与常规真空退火相当且满足纯钛管材国标力学性能要求.在所选的合理热处理参数下,快速退火后管材表面氧化轻微,对酸洗及刮修难度无影响,管材可进行较大加工量的后续加工,达到了中间及成品退火的目的.该方式可行,工艺参数合理可靠.     

辊底式退火炉与台车式退火炉处理45A小圆钢正火质量对比

采用辊底式退火炉与台车式退火炉两种方式对45A小圆钢进行正火处理,并分析了其力学性能、表面脱碳及晶粒度。结果表明：辊底式退火炉正火的45A小圆钢综合力学性能明显较台车式退火炉处理的好,强度指标可以提高50～100 MPa,表面脱碳层深度减少0.2～0.5 mm,晶粒度为8级,较台车式退火炉处理的高3～6级,且钢材表面弯曲度小,为后续机械矫直工序节约了人力物力,缩短了生产周期。     

Microstructure evolution during batch annealing

Design of industrial annealing cycles requires recrystallization and grain growth studies, which are typically carried out under isothermal laboratory condition. The kinetics coefficients of these phase transformations are obtained from such studies, which are subsequently used in designing the industrial nonisothermal cycles using the additivity principles. However, the strong heating rate effects on the grain growth kinetics necessitate such kinetics studies using industrial thermal profiles. In the present work, the hot and cold spot cycles of an industrial batch annealing cycle for AIK grade steel have been simulated in a programmable laboratory furnace. Subsequently, the effect of annealing temperature, soaking time, and heating rate on the microstructural features, such as grain size distribution, grain shape anisotropy, and grain orientation, have been investigated through extensive quantitative microscopy. The implications of these results on the design of industrial batch annealing cycles have been discussed.     

20钢热轧卷板的球化退火工艺

通过扫描电镜分析和拉伸试验研究20钢双相区和亚温区的球化退火行为和力学性能。结果表明,与双相区球化退火相比,亚温区球化退火时碳化物球化效果明显,具有良好的力学性能,球化退火时间明显缩短。     

镀锡板退火工艺的研究进展

介绍了镀锡板用钢和退火工艺的研究进展。镀锡板用钢一般为低碳钢,对残余元素、夹杂、偏析等不均匀缺陷控制严格;通过退火工艺来控制钢内晶粒尺寸、碳的固溶强化、渗碳体的第二相强化以及晶粒形状和取向,连续退火R-OA工艺能有效改善镀锡板的抗时效性和冲压加工性能,二次冷轧技术可以生产厚度极薄、强韧性良好的镀锡板。     

Relaxation of residual stresses in SiC wafers by annealing

Residual stresses in SiC wafers, which were introduced during production processes including sawing, lapping, mechanical polishing （MP）, and chemical-mechanical polishing （CMP）, were evaluated in terms of changes in radius of curvature and high-resolution X-ray diffractometer （HRXRD） measurements. It was found that annealing was an effective method to reduce stress fields and to improve the wafer flatness. Lapping process generated more residual stresses than other machining processes, and these stresses could be relaxed by thermal treatment. The results showed that annealing was an essential procedure following lapping in the whole production process. The molten KOH etching results accounted for the correlation between the relaxation of stresses and the creation of basal screw dislocations.     

AZ31镁合金铸坯均匀化退火

研究了一种新的均匀化退火工艺对AZ31镁合金铸坯组织转变和成分均匀化的影响,保温温度为530、540和550 ℃以及保温时间为30、60和90 min.结果表明,AZ31镁合金在固相线温度以下应尽可能提高退火温度,同时缩短退火时间可使铸坯达到较好的均匀化效果,消除大部分枝晶偏析,γ-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相在α-Mg基体上呈细小的颗粒状分布; AZ31镁合金铸锭的优化退火工艺为540 ℃保温60 min.     

7CrMn2Mo钢球化退火行为和碳化物类型

采用常规的退火工艺和空淬＋退火工艺研究了7CrMn2Mo钢的球化退火行为。结果表明：预先进行空淬处理是改善该钢球化组织的重要环节;与连续退火、等温退火相比,7CrMn2Mo钢亚温退火时碳化物球化速度较快,效果较好;钢中锰元素含量高,成分接近共析成分,主要碳化物类型为M23C6是导致7CrMn2Mo钢球化退火工艺性能差的三个主要原因。     

Ultrasonic velocity measurements for characterizing the annealing behaviour of cold worked austenitic stainless steel

Precise measurements of shear wave velocities have been made in 20% cold worked and annealed samples of alloy D9 (Ti-modified austenitic stainless steel) to characterize the microstructural changes during annealing. The variation in wave velocity with annealing time exhibited a three stage behaviour. In the first stage, a slight increase in the velocity during recovery regime has been observed. This is followed by a significant increase in the velocity in the recrystallization regime (second stage) and reaching saturation on completion of recrystallization (third stage). Microstructural observations using optical metallography confirmed these three stages. The maximum variation in velocity is observed only when the polarization or the propagation direction of the shear wave is alingned with the cold working direction. Variation in shear wave velocity during annealing process, in general, is just opposite to that of the variation in longitudinal wave velocity. A number of velocity measurements were made by changing the propagation and polarization directions of the shear waves with respect to the cold working direction. Based on these measurements, a suitable velocity ratio parameter is suggested for determining the degree of recrystallization during annealing of cold worked alloy D9.     

Hardening and softening of FeAl during milling and annealing

Changes in hardness of Fe–40Al powders during milling and during subsequent annealing have been examined and related to the many structural changes occurring. During milling, the material becomes significantly disordered with a small domain size and many vacancies, and refines to a nano-scale grain size, while on subsequent annealing at progressively higher temperatures these structural defects are lost as the material re-orders, loses point defects and as the grains grow to large sizes. The increase in hardness during milling can be explained by the combined contributions of vacancy hardening, ordered domain/particle hardening, and by disorder hardening within the ordered regions. Softening during annealing occurs as the domain/particle hardening, disorder hardening and vacancy hardening are successively lost. Dislocation-induced work hardening and grain size hardening are believed to play only minor roles in affecting the material hardness.     

Finemet型纳米晶合金热处理工艺研究进展

热处理工艺是改善纳米晶合金软磁性能极为有效的方式,本文对纳米晶带材的热处理工艺研究状况进行了系统总结,并对不同热处理方式的优缺点进行了比较。常规退火和焦耳退火作为加热方式决定了合金退火后的晶粒尺寸和晶化相比例,是获得最佳性能的前提;磁场退火和应力退火作为外场施加方式,可以改变合金在退火后的磁滞回线形状,获得更高的感生各向异性,降低材料在一定磁场强度下的恒定磁导率。常规加热和磁场退火的发展应用已比较成熟,而焦耳加热方式和应力退火分别受工艺装备和生产效率的影响,在应用方面存在滞后。然而,焦耳退火的高效率和应力场退火后的高感生各向异性值也表现出极大的优势,具备未来产业化应用的潜力。