香蕉纤维织物的雅格素藏青ENW染色工艺研究

对香蕉纤维织物进行了活性染料雅格素藏青ENW上染研究。考察了碳酸钠用量、染料用量、氯化钠用量、固色时间以及固色温度对染色效果的影响。通过正交实验优化了染色工艺：染料用量2%(o.w.f.),碳酸钠18 g/L,氯化钠45 g/L,固色温度80℃,固色时间50 min。在优化条件下,雅格素藏青ENW上染香蕉纤维织物的上染率和固色率分别可达到55.94%和44.12%。     

高温型活性染料染粘胶织物应用探讨

探讨了雅格素黄4RN、雅格素红6BN、雅格素藏青GN三支高温型活性染料在不同染色温度条件下染粘胶织物时染料的固色率、表面深度K/S值、染后织物的色光以及色牢度的变化。结果表明,当染色温度变化时,织物大部分色牢度没有明显的变化,但色光和固色率略有变化,其中织物表面深度K/S值在染色温度80℃至90℃时达到最大。     

双官能团活性染料对羊毛纤维染色工艺的探讨

采用双官能团活性染料(毛用活性染料和棉用活性染料)对羊毛纤维进行染色,探讨了固色pH值、固色时间和固色温度对染色效果的影响。结果表明:双乙烯砜型棉用活性染料对羊毛纤维的染色过程和染色效果与毛用活性染料相近,在其最佳染色工艺条件下可以代替毛用活性染料。其最佳染色工艺为:pH=3～4,40℃下入染,固色条件为pH=6～7,95℃下保温染色90分钟;双官能团棉用活性染料上染羊毛纤维的过程中,亲核加成反应占主导地位。     

分散染料在涤/棉混纺织物热熔固色中的转移机理

涤纶纤维及其混纺织物是服用性能较好的织物。据统计表明,涤纶总产量的一半被用于涤/棉混纺。目前,涤/棉混纺的染色主要是以分散-还原或分散-活性染料采用二浴二步或一浴一步的方法。使用单一染料(活性分散)对涤/棉混纺染色的研究工作也在开展。这些染色过程都与分散染料在高温下对涤纶纤维的固色有关,所以研究分散染料对涤/棉混纺热熔固色的转移机理具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。关于染料同纤维的结合型式,Wegmann根据染料-纤维间键的性质归纳为四类:1.分子或晶体质点的“包容”,即机械     

聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物对涤/棉的处理

使用纤维素纤维改性剂聚环氧氯丙烷胺化物(PECH-amine)对涤/棉进行处理,讨论了PECH-amine浓度、氢氧化钠浓度及改性方法等影响因素对涤/棉染色的影响.试验结果表明.用此改性剂改性涤/棉中的棉,可以大幅度提高活性染料在改性涤/棉上的上染率及固色率,在中性、无盐条件下,中、低浓度染色甚至可以达到尽染,使实现清洁染色的目的成为可能.     

等离子体技术在牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物染整中的应用

采用常压空气等离子体对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物进行表面处理,分析了等离子体处理对前处理和染色性能的影响。结果表明:等离子仪对织物处理的最佳工艺参数为:功率300W、时间1s;在最佳工艺参数条件下对牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物进行低温等离子体处理后,前处理后毛效值可达13.4cm,比常规前处理工艺的毛效值8.5cm提高了近58%;但是白度、顶破强力值稍有下降;经等离子体前处理的牛奶纤维/棉混纺织物在染色前再次进行低温等离子体处理后,染色K/S值和上染百分率均有较大幅度提高,K/S值由5.56提高到6.27,上染百分率由66%提高到73.6%。     

缩聚染料在涤／棉织物上的应用试验

缩聚染料主要用于纤维素纤维的印染,具有价廉、工艺比较简便的特点。缩聚染料在涤/棉混纺织物上的染色,固色率达90％,因而在目前多数染化料价格上浮的情况下,把缩聚染料应用于涤/棉混纺织物上,用量少,成本低,具有一定的实用价值。一、缩聚染料染色机理缩聚染料是一类暂溶性染料。染料被纤维吸着后,通过硫化物处理,染料相互缩合,聚集于纤维中,失去水溶性而固着。涤纶纤维染色是用缩合后的疏水性的缩聚染料,在高温下热熔,使染料扩散而进入纤维。     

吡啶三嗪染料与阳离子染料相容性研究

本文合成了两性活性染料——吡啶三嗪染料,研究了吡啶三嗪染料与阳离子染料的相容性,讨论了在毛纤维及毛/腈混纺纤维上的应用.结果表明,前者在弱酸性或中性条件下的固色率高于后者,与阳离子染料同浴染色相容性好,形成的复合物在升温过程中易于解离,适用于毛/腈混纺纤维的染色。     

活性染料SEFR值与中性固色工艺研究

根据活性染料染色特征值S．E．F．R．选择适用于中性固色工艺的活性染料，结果表明，S值高和低的活性染料对碱的浓度和温度敏感，对固色率的影响较为杂乱，但在温度为80℃时，这类染料的固色率均达到峰值：染色特征值在50-60范围内的活性染料适用于中性固色、以甲酸钠为中性固色剂对活性染料进行中性固色实验，其固色率均可达到60%左右．各项牢度均达到标准。最佳工艺条件为：甲酸钠：15g／L；尿素：20g／L；双氰胺10g／L，固色温度85℃：浴比：1：20。     

活性诺威克隆红FN-3GL对丝绸的染色工艺研究

活性染料诺威克隆红FN-3GL上染丝绸,结果发现诺威克隆红FN-3GL对丝绸有较好的直接性,当染色温度为80℃、硫酸钠60 g/L、小苏打10 g/L固色、浴比1∶30的条件下,该染料上染丝绸固色率可达80%以上,耐洗及耐摩擦色牢度均在4级左右,且染得丝绸织物颜色鲜艳。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。