臭氧氧化—钙法吸收同时脱硫脱硝的试验研究

针对国内某石化企业CFB锅炉烟气特点,进行实验室烟气模拟,采用臭氧氧化—钙法吸收同时脱硫脱硝工艺进行小试研究.实验采用臭氧将NO氧化为NO2,再通入鼓泡反应器中与Ca（OH）2浆液发生吸收反应,达到同时脱硫脱硝的目的.实验结果表明：NOx脱除率与臭氧投加量成正比,当臭氧投加量为1.1时,NOx脱除率可达到90％以上;SO2初始浓度的变化对NOx脱除率影响不大;NO初始浓度和烟气含氧量对SO2脱除率影响效果均不显著;烟气含氧量的增大有利于NOx的脱除.     

填料塔中钠碱溶液脱除烟气中SO_2研究

在内径为400 mm的填料塔内,以Na2SO3为吸收剂进行了烟气脱硫模拟实验研究,重点考察了吸收液pH值、液气比(VL/Vg)、空塔气速、烟气中SO2初始浓度、吸收液温度及吸收剂初始浓度等对脱硫率的影响,确定出各影响因素与脱硫率间的关系及实验室规模下本工艺适宜的操作条件。结果表明,在吸收液pH=6—7、液气比1—2 L/m3、空塔气速1—1.5 m/s、吸收液温度50℃以下、吸收剂Na2SO3初始浓度0.3—0.5 mol/L、进口SO2质量浓度约为4 300 mg/m3时,脱硫率均可大于80%。实验结果可为实际脱硫装置设计及运行提供必要的基础数据。     

氨吸收法同时脱硫脱硝的实验研究

在自行设计的吸收塔反应器中,以氨水作为吸收剂,研究其对SO2和NOx的脱除效果,在氨法脱硫的工艺条件下对SO2的脱除率为100%,NOx脱除率可达72%。对SO2和NOx的吸收条件进行了研究,发现吸收液中SO32-浓度是影响脱硫脱硝率的重要因素。提出了选择性催化氧化(SCO)和氨法烟气脱硫相结合的氨吸收法同时脱硫脱硝技术,此法可用于改造现有氨法烟气脱硫设备,达到SO2和NOx同时脱除的目的。     

氮氧化物在湿法烟气脱硫过程中的作用

采用了气液鼓泡床反应器,以NaOH溶液为吸收液,在模拟烟气条件下对氮氧化物在湿法烟气脱硫过程中的作用进行了实验研究.结果表明,在吸收液为碱性的环境下,NO2的存在对脱硫率略有促进,SO2的存在则可显著增加脱硝率;在吸收液变乏且已呈酸性的环境下,NO2和SO2互相抑制彼此的脱除率;无论酸碱环境,NO和SO2对彼此脱除率的影响都很微弱.NO和NO2的存在对脱硫产物影响显著,NO2的存在促进了脱硫产物中硫酸盐的生成,碱性环境下尤其显著,而NO的存在抑制了脱硫产物中硫酸盐的生成.     

臭氧氧化同时脱除烟气中NO和SO_2的研究

燃煤烟气往往含有大量NO和SO2,它们会引起严重的光化学污染和酸雨现象。采用臭氧氧化-碱液吸收工艺,实现同时脱硫脱硝,使出口烟气能够稳定达标排放。实验结果表明,当温度≤150℃,O3∶NO物质的量比为1时,NO氧化率高于90%,当温度达到200℃后,臭氧分解速率显著增加,NO氧化率显著降低。烟气中SO2的存在会使NO的去除率略微降低,但是影响不大,且O3对SO2的氧化率约为5%左右。将臭氧氧化后的烟气分别采用NaOH和Ca(OH)2溶液吸收,研究发现,相同质量浓度时,NaOH溶液对NOx具有更好的吸收效果;当pH值大于4时,NOx和SO2的去除率分别能达到80%以上和接近100%。     

海水及浓盐水烟气脱硫试验研究

采用喷淋空塔对海水及海水淡化浓盐水的脱硫效率进行了研究。综合考虑了SO2质量分数、液气比、温度和流量等因素对海水烟气脱硫效率的影响,重点比较了海水、蒸馏法浓盐水和反渗透浓盐水的脱硫效率,并对塔底吸收液的温度、pH值、SO32-及SO42-质量分数的变化进行了考察。试验表明SO2质量分数、液气比对海水烟气脱硫影响显著,而温度、气体流量对脱硫效果影响较小。当液气比为9.6 L/m3、气体停留时间为3.08 s,SO2浓度小于1 000×10-6时,海水、蒸馏法和反渗透法浓盐水的脱硫率均在95%以上。     

工业碱湿法烟气脱硫实验研究

实验使用一种新式SO2吸收-喷淋复合脱硫塔进行烟气脱硫实验研究。实验中NaOH吸收液经喷淋方式流入脱硫塔与模拟烟气反应。实验结果表明:在SO2质量浓度2 000 mg/m3,NaOH浓度1.0%,液气比2.5(L/m3)时,烟气处理量为220 m3/h,脱硫效率是96.31%,且处理后烟气中SO2浓度均小于200 mg/m3,达到国家要求的排放标准,并且所用装置壁上不结垢。     

废酸再生装置烟气脱硫脱硝运行实践

介绍了惠州炼化10 kt/a废酸再生装置进行废酸尾气H2O2-DNSTM工艺脱硫脱硝中试研究.以H2O2作为氧化剂,以钠碱作为吸收剂,脱硝技术路线采用部分烟气加温激活H2O2工艺.中试结果表明：NO转化率较高,达到68.6％;采用鼓泡吸收时,NOx吸收率在70％左右,效果较好;SO2转化率达97.4％;尾气出口NOx和SO2质量浓度分别为32 mg/m^3和14 mg/m^3,满足该地区排放要求.H2O2-DNSTM工艺具有脱硫脱硝效率较高、运行可靠稳定、维护保养简单、占地较小的优点,适用于现有废酸再生装置尾气处理系统的改造升级.     

新型旋转填料床脱除烟气中SO2的实验研究

在新型旋转填料床中以NaOH为吸收液脱除烟气中的SO2,考察了超重力因子、液气体积比、进气量等因素对脱硫率(h)和气相传质系数(KGa)的影响及循环次数对脱硫率和溶液pH值的影响. 结果表明,h随超重力因子、液气体积比增加而增加,随进气量增加而降低;KGa随超重力因子、液气体积比、进气量增加而增加. 脱硫率和溶液pH值随循环次数增加呈下降趋势. 最佳操作条件为：超重力因子67,进气量55 m3/h,液气体积比(1.1~1.3)′10-3. 在该条件下,出口气体中SO2浓度低于100 mg/m3,h稳定在约98.7%,比多级雾化旋转填料床提高18.7%. 对实验数据进行回归,拟合出KGa与气相雷诺数ReG、液相韦伯数WeL和伽利略数Ga之间的关联式为     

乙二胺-柠檬酸溶液超重力法烟气脱硫研究

以乙二胺-柠檬酸为吸收剂,在超重力条件下进行烟气脱硫研究,考察超重机转速、气液比、吸收液温度、吸收液p H、填料类型等因素对SO2吸收效率和解吸率的影响。结果表明,实验室规模下适宜的吸收工艺条件为:转速1 000 r/min,吸收液体积流量10 L/h,气体体积流量0.2 m3/h,乙二胺-柠檬酸p H=7,钢质波纹丝网填料,在此条件下,乙二胺-柠檬酸缓冲溶液对SO2的吸收效率在98%以上;同时能够有效的提高SO2解吸率,具有良好的经济性。     

多卤代吡啶选择性合成醚类的反应

以KOH为碱,DMSO为溶剂,在空气中,温度为50℃的条件下,多卤代吡啶和苯酚类化合物反应,形成相应的醚类化合物,该反应具有很好的收率以及区域选择性,是一种有效构建C-O键的方法;以K_2CO_3为碱,DMSO和H_2O为溶剂,在空气中,室温下,多卤代吡啶和苯硫酚类化合物反应,形成相应的的吡啶硫醚化合物,该反应也具有很好的收率以及区域选择性,是一种有效构建C-S键的方法。     

Electronic Structure and Properties of the O2+2, SO2+ and S2+2 Diatomic Dications

Multiply charged ions show novel energetic features which can potentially have useful photophysical properties. In order to investigate these interesting type systems, energy interaction curves for the ground and excited electronic states of O²⁺₂, SO²⁺, and S²⁺₂ have been generated by the ab initio complete active space multiconfiguration self-consistent field (CAS-MCSCF) method. The calculations were carried out in a triple-zeta sp plus double-zeta d Gaussian function basis set using compact effective potentials to replace the core electrons. In order to gauge the accuracy of the results, analogous calculations were carried out on the valence isoelectronic N₂ and NO⁺ systems for which experimental information is available for comparison of geometric and spectroscopic properties. Diverse high energy spectroscopy experiments on O²⁺₂ are interpreted and reconciled using the calculated ground and excited state energy interaction curves. Special attention is paid to the ₃Σ₊^u state, whose location and character have been particularly puzzling. Almost all the dication molecular states studied show the characteristic avoided crossing of diabatic states which gives a trapped equilibrium structure and a barrier to dissociation. These features make the dication kinetically stable, but thermodynamically unstable with an exothermic dissociation energy. The spectroscopy experiments on O²⁺₂ show that these states are experimentally attainable.     

生产乙炔对电石的要求及乙炔清净

目前国内外乙炔大部分仍是由电石制得。然而由于工业电石除CaC2 外还含有很多杂质 ,所以生产乙炔不仅要求电石的纯度、粒度 ,还要求水温。一般电石的块度采用 8～ 2 5mm ,发生器温度控制在 85± 5℃ ,乙炔气体中含H2 S、H3 P、NH3 等气体会使氯乙烯合成氯化催化剂活性下降。因此 ,必须对乙炔气体进行清洁。采用次氯酸钠液体的氧化性将乙炔中的杂质氧化成酸性物质而除去。     

纳米TiO2和微米SiO2改性及分散性能的研究

采用不同的分散工艺和改性剂对纳米TiO2和微米SiO2粉体进行处理,使用激光粒度仪、红外光谱(IR)、热失重(TG)等手段对粉体粒径,粉体表面结构进行表征,探讨了超微粉体在乙二醇(EG)中分散的最佳工艺.结果表明:钛酸酯偶联剂(NDZ-201)可在纳米TiO2表面接枝,接枝率约为6%;硅烷偶联剂(KH570)可在微米S...     

Melting and dilatometric behavior of 2-Oleopalmitostearin and 2-Oleodistearin

The glycerides, 2-oleopalmitostearin and 2-oleodistearin, which are important components of confectionery fats, were synthesized, and their melting behavior and dilatometric properties were determined. Each glyceride was found to have four melting points: 18.2, 24.5, 33.0, and 37.4°C, for 2-oleopalmitostearin; 22.8, 30.0, 37.7, and 42.8°C, for 2-oleodistearin. The rate of transformation of the thermodynamically unstable polymorphs at temperatures just below their melting points was found to vary from a few seconds to more than eight days. For each glyceride, expansivities were determined for three polymorphs and melting dilations for two polymorphs. Mixtures of the two glycerides were examined dilatometrically and found to behave in some respects as single components. The mixtures were readily tempered so that both components were in the same polymorphic form, and expansivities and melting dilations were obtained for mixtures in three polymorphic forms. Dilatometric data also were obtained for a sample of cocoa butter and a sample of sweet milk chocolate of the coating type. Presented at the 32nd Fall Meeting, American Oil Chemists’ Society, Chicago, Ill., October 20–22, 1958. Fellow, National Confectioners’ Association. One of the laboratories of the Southern Utilization Research and Development Division, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture.     

Separation and purification of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, and comparison of semi-synthetic aflatoxins B2 and G2 with naturally-occurring aflatoxins B2 and G2

A method is described for the isolation of highly purified aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ from extracts ofAspergillus flavus. The four aflatoxins, isolated from background impurities by rapid passage of the extracts through an acid alumina column, are separated from each other by chromatography on a silica gel column. Aflatoxins B₂ and G₂ are prepared by hydrogenation of the mixture of aflatoxins B₁, B₂, G₁ and G₂ and then separated by elution from a silica gel column with chloroform containing 0.7% ethanol. A comparison of semi-synthetic aflatoxins B₂ and G₂ with naturally-occurring aflatoxins B₂ and G₂ shows no significant difference in physical properties. Presented at the AOCS-AACC Meeting, Washington, D.C. April, 1968.     

氢氧直接合成法制过氧化氢技术进展

氢气和氧气直接合成过氧化氢是典型的原子经济性反应，因过程简单、产品清洁、生产成本低而成为催化领域研究开发的一个热点。总结了该法近年来在催化剂活性组分的选取及载体方面的进展；详细介绍了溶剂的选取和反应机理；讨论了各种反应器的安全性。指出今后的研究重点是提高氢气利用率、开发新型的反应器、提高过程的安全性。     

Thermal Expansion of HfO2 and ZrO2

The thermal expansion of a low symmetry crystal can be much more interesting than the lattice parameter expansion would suggest. Here, the complete thermal expansion tensors for monoclinic and tetragonal phases of ZrO₂ and HfO₂ have been measured in air, by high‐resolution, high‐temperature X‐ray diffraction. These results reveal the highly anisotropic nature of thermal expansion in the monoclinic phase as well as a cooperative movement of ions and the existence of a zero thermal expansion plane.     

Eu~(2+)掺杂SrSi_2O_2N_2和Sr_(0.37)Ba_(0.60)Si_2O_2N_2荧光粉的发光性能及应用

采用高温固相法合成Sr_(0.97)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2和Sr_(0.37)Ba_(0.60)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2荧光粉,通过X射线衍射、激发光谱、发射光谱及转换后LED器件的性能等研究了荧光粉的结构、发光性能和稳定性。结果表明:在稀土Eu2+掺杂的Sr Si2O2N2荧光粉中,当部分Sr2+被Ba2+取代后,形成三斜晶系的Sr_(0.37)Ba_(0.60)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2荧光粉,激发和发射光谱红移,在近紫外-蓝光区具有更高的激发效率。将2种荧光粉与Ga(N)In芯片封装,Sr0.37Ba0.60Eu0.03Si2O2N2荧光粉转换的白光LED器件,在光效、显色指数和光效维持特性方面均高于Sr_(0.97)Eu_(0.03)Si_2O_2N_2转换的LED器件。     

三氟乙醇的生产和应用前景

介绍了三氟乙醇的性质，生产方法和应用前景。