双辉渗镀TiN陶瓷层摩擦磨损性能的研究

采用一种新的制备TiN双层辉光渗金属技术，在钢铁材料表面直接复合而形成超硬耐磨TiN渗镀扩散陶瓷层。用Tapping AFM型原子力显微镜和LEC图像分析仪分析表面形貌；用GDS750型辉光放电光谱分析仪测定渗镀复合层试样成分；用Rigaku／max2500型X射线衍射仪（XRD）测定复合渗镀层的相结构；用WTM-1E可控气氛微型摩擦磨损试验仪对复合渗镀层的摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明：这种制备TiN新工艺方法合成的渗镀TiN陶瓷层，其表面均匀致密，Ti和N原子由表层向内呈梯度分布，与一般表面沉积的TiN层不同，属于冶金扩散层结合；渗镀层厚度可达8μm以上，TiN层择优取向为（200）晶面；渗镀层硬度较高，达到HV0.1 2200，在干滑动摩擦磨损试验条件下具有较低的摩擦因数和优异的耐磨性能。     

高频感应加热膏剂法制备渗铬层的组织与性能

利用高频感应加热膏剂法在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备了渗铬层,对渗铬层的厚度、显微组织、化学成分、硬度、结合强度以及摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明:渗铬层厚度可达25μm以上;渗铬后在合金表面形成了由α+β、CrVO3、(Ti0.88Cr0.12)2O3和TiN相组成的渗铬层;渗铬层的化学成分呈梯度分布,距渗铬层表面25μm处的硬度可达850HV,渗铬层与基体实现了冶金结合,明显提高了基体的摩擦学性能。     

铸铁件渗铬处理试验研究

研究了铸铁表面铸渗铬合金层形成过程。结果表明，铸渗层是由铸铁液与铬铁颗粒对流传质方式形成的，而且浇注温度越高，铸渗铬合金层越厚。     

TiN复合渗镀层摩擦磨损性能的研究

介绍了一种同时利用等离子尖端放电、空心阴极效应和反应气相沉积技术,在碳钢表面形成具有扩散层和沉积层的TiN复合渗镀层新工艺技术。对TiN复合渗镀层、TiN复合渗镀层+TiN薄膜(PVD法)以及在碳钢基体表面直接沉积TiN薄膜(PVD法)这三种工艺试样的表面形貌、硬度、摩擦磨损进行了对比研究。结果表明TiN复合渗镀层+TiN薄膜,其表面形貌是较为均匀、致密、细小的胞状物组织,平均硬度达到2500HV左右,磨损曲线最平稳、平均摩擦系数最小,耐磨性比较好。复合渗镀层厚度可达十几微米以上,并且成分、硬度、结构均呈梯度分布,与基体是冶金结合,结合力非常好,所以其磨痕最浅。     

熔渗法制备铁铝合金涂层组织分析

采用熔渗法在超低碳钢表面制备铁铝合金涂层。利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM)以及X-射线衍射仪分析了熔渗层的组织结构,结果表明,熔渗层从表面向基体内存在多相结构,依次为FeAl3,Fe2Al5(FeAl2),FeAl相,链珠状组织及α-Fe(Al)固溶体。     

铜合金表面镍基渗层制备及在800 ℃的氧化行为

选用镍基合金粉末作为铸渗剂,利用负压铸渗工艺在铜合金表面制备了镍基渗层,用SEM、EDS、XRD对表面渗层的显微结构、成分变化以及相组成进行了分析;并研究了表面渗层在800 ℃的氧化行为.结果表明:渗层结构由表面烧结层、中间冶金熔合层和内层扩散层三层组成;渗层元素从表面到基体呈梯度变化;渗层表面氧化后生成了含有NiO、Cr2O3和NiCr2O4的致密氧化膜,氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律,与基体相比抗氧化性能显著提高.     

负压铸渗法制备铸铁表面FeCr复合渗层的热疲劳性能研究

采用负压铸渗法制备了铸铁表面FeCr复合渗层,观察了渗层与基体结合形貌并研究了渗层的热疲劳性能.结果表明:渗层组织致密,与基体结合良好.在热循环过程中渗层与基体表面出现了不同程度的氧化现象,渗层的抗热疲劳性优良.     

消失模铸渗法制备SiC颗粒增强钢基表面复合材料

通过涂覆预制块的预置方法,利用消失模(V-EP)铸渗工艺制备了SiC颗粒增强钢基表面复合材料,着重研究碳化硅粒径对表面复合效果的影响.结果表明:碳化硅颗粒粒径在600～850 μm时,制备的复合材料表面复合效果好,铸渗复合层厚度可达4 mm左右,表面较平整;碳化硅颗粒粒径对SiC/钢复合材料表面质量有很大的影响,随着SiC颗粒粒径的增加,复合材料铸渗层的表面质量呈下降趋势.     

40Cr钢表面低温气体碳、氮、氧多元共渗层的摩擦学性能

利用低温气体多元共渗技术将碳、氮、氧元素同时渗入40Cr钢表面形成改性层。分析了保温时间对渗层厚度的影响,研究了改性层的显微组织、厚度、结构、渗层硬度及干摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：经多元共渗后表面改性层由疏松层、白亮层和过渡层组成;白亮层的硬度最高,达到850HV,多元共渗后40Cr钢表面的耐磨性能显著提高。     

45钢自蔓延高温渗硼共晶化的组织结构研究

研究了45钢的自蔓延高温渗硼共晶化，对渗层进行了组织形态及物相结构分析，结果表明，采用自自蔓延高温渗硼共晶化，可在工件表面形成一层具有共晶组织的渗硼层，渗层与基体呈冶金结合；汉层中硼的分布明显高于基体，在渗层与基体的结合处，硼的分布陡降，不存在明显的过渡区。     

TiN多弧离子镀过渡层的组成及其对涂层结合力的影响

论述了ＴｉＮ多弧离子镀涂层过渡层的组成及其形成机制和影响因素。实验结果及分析表明,ＴｉＮ涂层过渡层由混合及扩散层组成,扩散层包括Ｔｉ原子扩散层及Ｎ原子扩散层;影响扩散层的主要因素是基体材料的成分和沉积温度;具有Ｎ原子扩散层的过渡层将使涂层的结合力明显提高。     

菜籽油润滑条件下TiN涂层摩擦学特性*

为探究TiN涂层在油润滑条件下的摩擦磨损性能,通过磁控溅射技术在AISI304不锈钢上制备TiN涂层,借助扫描电镜、纳米划痕仪、XRD和摩擦磨损试验机探究不同氮通比下TiN涂层的微观结构、力学性能及其在植物菜籽油润滑下的摩擦学性能。实验结果表明：在氮通比为0.45下制备的TiN涂层具有最致密的晶状结构,且力学性能最优;在菜籽油润滑下,随着氮通比的增大TiN涂层摩擦因数和磨损率呈现先降低后增加的趋势,在氮通比为0.45时两者均最小。XPS分析表明,TiN涂层表面存在的氧化层,增加了菜籽油在涂层表面的润湿性,从而更好地形成润滑膜而起到润滑特性。与橄榄油、聚α烯烃(PAO6)基础油、5W40润滑油3种润滑介质相比,TiN菜籽油润滑下涂层表现出更优的润滑性能。     

Al/TiN软硬交替多层膜的制备及摩擦磨损性能研究

软硬交替的多层膜体系具有超硬、强韧、耐磨、自润滑的优势,能大大提高金属切削刀具在现代加工过程中的耐用度和适应性。设计Al/TiN软硬交替纳米多层膜体系,并采用直流磁控溅射和阴极弧磁过滤等离子体沉积相结合的技术,室温下在单晶硅Si（100）衬底上制备一系列不同TiN层厚度纳米多层膜,研究其结构、形貌、力学及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明：该涂层具有良好的多层结构,多层膜中Al呈非晶态或纳米晶态,TiN结晶质量随其厚度增加得到提高;Al/TiN多层膜硬度均高于混合法则计算的硬度值,出现了硬度增强效应;该多层膜体系虽具有较高的摩擦因数,但表现出较好的韧性。     

Behavior of Coated Carbide Tools in High Speed Machining of a Nickel Base Alloy

Multilayer TiN/TiCN/TiN and single-layer TiAIN PVD coated carbide tools were used to machine a nickel base, C-263, alloy at high-speed conditions in order to investigate their performance in terms of tool life, surface finish and component forces generated during machining. The test results show that the triple layer, TiN/TiCN/TiN, coated inserts gave longer tool life when machining at higher speed and depth of cut conditions while the single layer, TiA/N, coated inserts produced better surface finish. The feed forces recorded were generally higher than the cutting forces. This could perhaps be attributed to the adverse effect of burr formation and work hardening of the workpiece associated with prolonged machining. Analysis of the test results indicate that the difference in thermal properties and tribo-chemical behaviour of both the coating and substrate materials are the major factors influencing the tribo-contact at the tool-chip interface during machining. Wear mechanisms of the coating materials can also affect tool performance in terms of tool life, surface finish and component forces.     

刀具表面超晶格TiN/AlN纳米多层膜的制备和研究

采用脉冲多弧离子镀技术制备TiN/AlN纳米多层膜,随着调制周期的减小,稳定态六方AlN相逐渐转变成亚稳态立方AlN相,形成以TiN/AlN超晶格结构为主的超硬薄膜。与标准图谱的对比可知,TiN/AlN超晶格是AlN在模板立方TiN材料的影响下,在TiN层上以亚稳态相立方结构外延生长所形成。试验表明TiN/AlN薄膜具有良好的耐腐蚀性能以及使用寿命。     

TEM studies of the nitrided Ni-Ti surface layer

The structure of surface layer, obtained on the nearly equiatomic Ni‐Ti alloy after nitriding under glow discharge conditions at temperatures 700 or 800 °C, was investigated. The structural characterization of the intruded layer was performed on cross‐sectional thin foils by the use of the transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The obtained results show that the nitrided layers consist mainly of the nanocrystalline TiN phase and small amount of Ti₂N. Between the nitrided layers and β‐NiTi matrix an intermediate Ti₂Ni phase layer was observed.     

Formation of a Metallic Amorphous Layer During the Sliding Wear of Ti/TiN Nanolaminates

This paper describes experimental studies of metallic/ceramic nanolaminate performance under sliding contact and identifies the formation of an amorphous layer between the nanolaminate and counterface. Nanolaminates used for this study had either 20- or 100-nm-thick alternating layers of Ti and TiN, resulting in a total thickness of ~1-μm films. The structure of the Ti and TiN layers was confirmed using X-ray diffraction [(111)_TiN and (002)_Ti], and compositions were determined using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)—Ti and TiN_0.7. Variation of the individual layer thicknesses within Ti/TiN nanolaminates was shown to influence both the deformation observed through the nanolaminate thickness and also the friction coefficient between the nanolaminate and 440C steel counterface during linear reciprocating wear. During sliding, the 100-nm-layered nanolaminate had a lower coefficient of friction (0.25 ± 0.01) than the 20-nm-layered nanolaminate (0.56 ± 0.06). An amorphous titanium layer developed during sliding at the interface between the 100-nm nanolaminate and steel counterface. EELS confirmed that this layer did not contain any nitrogen and recrystallization occurred near the in-contact surface. While phase changes under compressive loading have been reported for other systems, this is the first report to indicate this response within a titanium layer.     

刀具表面超晶格TiN／AIN纳米多层膜的制备和研究

采用脉冲多弧离子镀技术制备TiN／AIN纳米多层膜，随着调制周期的减小，稳定态六方AIN相逐渐转变成亚稳态立方AIN相，形成以TiN／AIN超晶格结构为主的超硬薄膜。与标准图谱的对比可知，TiN／AIN超晶格是AIN在模板立方TiN材料的影响下，在TiN层上以亚稳态相立方结构外延生长所形成。试验表明TiN／AIN薄膜具有良好的耐腐蚀性能以及使用寿命。     

Multi-pass scratch test behavior of modified layer formed during plasma nitriding

316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy were plasma nitrided at different treatment parameters, and the wear behaviors of the modified layers formed on the surface during nitriding were investigated by multi-pass scratch test. Phase structure and cross-sections of modified layers were also examined with XRD and SEM. While a single modified layer formed on surface of the 316L stainless steel, both modified and diffusion layers were observed on the surface of the Ti6Al4V alloy after nitriding. As a result, it was observed that phase structure and thickness for modified layers of 316L stainless steel and Ti6Al4V alloy, respectively, were the significant parameters for friction coefficient and wear rate. In addition, diffusion layer formed during the nitriding process caused on increase of wear resistance of Ti6Al4V alloy by supporting the modified layer on the surface.