固溶温度对ZK60镁合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

在不同温度(200~300℃)下对铸态ZK60镁合金进行固溶处理,采用扫描电子显微镜观察不同温度固溶后合金的显微组织,并采用质量损失法和电化学方法研究了不同温度固溶后合金在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:随着固溶温度的升高,合金中第二相的含量减少且由连续分布变为不连续分布;随着固溶温度的升高,合金的腐蚀速率先升高后降低;经300℃固溶处理后,ZK60镁合金的耐腐蚀性能最好,其腐蚀速率为4.575 2mm·a~(-1),自腐蚀电流密度和自腐蚀电位分别为0.011 639mA·cm~(-2)和-1.511 0V。     

飞机座椅用镁合金材料性能的研究

以镁合金材料为原料铸造制备了飞机座椅用镁合金材料样品,力学性能研究表明,AZ92D镁合金样品性能较佳,其抗拉强度为265MPa,延伸率为7.9%,弹性模量为43GPa。对较佳的镁合金材料样品的热处理工艺研究表明,当固溶处理8h,时效处理20h后,镁合金材料样品的布氏硬度值最高,为86.7。最佳热处理样品的微观组织研究表明镁合金中β相处于α相和Al12Mg17相之间,β相在热处理的过程中析出,这种固溶与析出的综合作用使得飞机座椅用镁合金材料的整体力学性能得到提高。     

热处理工艺对22Cr双相不锈钢组织的影响

研究了热处理工艺(固溶处理、固溶处理 时效处理)对22Cr双相不锈钢板材显微组织、脆性析出相形态的影响.结果表明:22Cr轧制板材在1 150℃以下固溶处理后,组织为由典型的α、γ两相组成的条状组织;经1 150℃固溶处理后,γ相已基本变成块状分布;在950～1 150℃固溶时,α、γ两相含量随固溶温度呈良好的直线关系.经1 050℃固溶处理后,在850℃进行时效处理,从α相中析出脆性相,随着时效时间的延长,脆性相含量增加.     

700℃服役8万h后析出大量σ相AISI 321不锈钢的再利用

以在700℃服役8万h后因组织中析出了大量σ相而报废的AISI 321不锈钢为对象,对其进行不同工艺的固溶处理,研究了固溶处理前后的组织和高温力学性能,并重点关注了固溶处理后组织和高温力学性能的恢复情况。结果表明:固溶处理可以使σ相溶解消失;在1 050℃固溶处理2h后,报废不锈钢的组织和高温力学性能得到很好的恢复,并符合行业标准规定的性能要求,该处理工艺为报废AISI 321不锈钢组织和性能恢复的最佳工艺。     

挤压AZ63A合金固溶处理工艺的确定

为提高AZ63A(Mg-Al-Zn)变形镁合金的塑性性能,研究了固溶处理温度和时间变化对合金组织与性能的影响.结果表明:随着温度的提高或固溶时间的延长,一方面可以使更多的第二相溶入基体中,使得材料的塑性得以提升,而另一方面由于在热处理过程中晶粒随之长大,降低了包括塑性在内的诸多力学性能;最终确定在385℃下固溶处理12 h可以使AZ63A镁合金在抗拉强度无明显变化的情况下大幅度提高伸长率,是该合金较为合适的固溶处理工艺.     

稀土钇对不同处理状态镁-铝-钙-钛铸造镁合金组织和硬度的影响

用X射线衍射仪、光学显微镜检测和观察了铸态、固溶态和时效态镁-铝-钙-钛铸造镁合金的相结构和显微组织,并测试了不同状态镁合金的硬度,探寻稀土元素钇及不同热处理对铸造镁合金的相结构、显微组织和硬度的影响.结果表明:随钇元素加入增多,镁合金第二相的析出增加,分布更均匀,且晶粒尺寸减小;铸态显微硬度显著提高;时效和固溶处理对其显微组织有明显的影响,但对硬度影响不大.     

固溶和稳定化处理后Zr-Mo微合金化310S不锈钢的显微组织和耐腐蚀性能

制备了Zr-Mo微合金化310S不锈钢并进行了不同温度(1 050~1 150℃)固溶处理以及1 150℃固溶+不同温度(950~1 1050℃)稳定化处理,研究了不同热处理后试验钢的显微组织和耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:固溶处理后,试验钢的显微组织为均匀的奥氏体等轴晶,且晶粒内有大量退火孪晶,晶界或晶内析出条状或球形颗粒状(Zr,Mo)C相和块状Zr(C,N)相;1 150℃固溶+不同温度稳定化处理后试验钢的显微组织与固溶态的相似,但析出相数量增多,且在950℃稳定化处理后,晶界上析出了大量的链球状M23C6相;950~1 050℃的稳定化处理对试验钢的耐均匀腐蚀性能影响不大;随着稳定化温度的升高,试验钢的晶间腐蚀敏感性降低,耐晶间腐蚀能力增强。     

不同工艺高温固溶与时效处理后SP-700钛合金的组织与性能

将SP-700钛合金在β相区1 000℃固溶15 min后,降温至(α+β)相区进行不同时间(3～10 min)和温度(650～900℃)下的固溶处理以及不同温度(370～650℃)和时间(15,90 min)的单级时效处理和280℃低温预时效+第二级时效的双级时效处理,研究了不同工艺下合金的组织和性能。结果表明：在850℃下固溶后合金中α相的体积分数随固溶时间的延长而增加,当固溶时间为5 min时,合金具有较好的强塑性匹配;在5 min固溶时间下,α相体积分数随固溶温度的升高而减小,当固溶温度为650℃时,合金具有较好的强塑性匹配。β相区固溶+单级/双级时效后,合金基本由β晶粒、α相以及针状马氏体组成;在时效温度650℃和时间90 min下单级时效或时效温度650℃和时间15 min下双级时效后,合金均具有较好的强塑性匹配。     

热处理对大型变形高强耐热镁合金组织与性能的影响

通过拉伸试验和微观组织观察,研究了固溶处理及时效处理对合金成分为Mg-13Gd-4Y-2Zn-0.5Zr的大型变形高强耐热镁合金微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明,合金的最佳热处理工艺为430℃×8h+225℃×16h。当固溶温度为430℃时,会发生动态再结晶,晶粒得到细化,提高了抗拉强度。经过时效,灰色LPSO相数量增多,提高了合金的力学性能。合金轴向抗拉强度为332 MPa,延伸率为11.5%;环向抗拉强度为375 MPa,延伸率为12.3%。     

620℃保温时间对Fe-13Mn-0.1C合金平均线膨胀系数的影响

制备了Fe-13Mn-0.1C合金并对其进行了固溶处理,然后在620℃保温0～300h,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪分析了不同保温时间后合金的显微组织和相的差异,并利用热膨胀相变仪测定了合金的平均线膨胀系数。结果表明:固溶处理后合金含有γ、ε-M、α-M相;在620℃保温过程中随保温时间的延长,γ相和α-M相的含量有所降低,ε-M相的含量有所增加;固溶处理态合金的平均线膨胀系数最低,保温150h后的平均线膨胀系数最高,为26.9×10-6℃-1。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.