去除水中腐殖酸的磁性焙烧态类水滑石制备与表征

采用共沉淀法一步合成系列类水滑石负载磁性粒子的颗粒,经煅烧得到磁性焙烧产物.利用焙烧产物吸附水中腐殖酸,得到磁性焙烧态锌铝类水滑石去除腐殖酸效果较好.考察了磁性焙烧态锌铝类水滑石制备条件对腐殖酸去除效果的影响,通过正交试验优化了制备条件.静态吸附实验表明:吸附剂投加量0.2 g/L, 30 min内20 mg/L腐殖酸去除率为97.96%.X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重-差热(TG-DSC)和比表面积(SSA)表征结果表明:一定量的磁性基质掺入并没有破坏锌铝类水滑石典型的层状结构;焙烧态产物为氧化物,磁性保持良好;比表面积达80.00 m2/g.磁性焙烧态锌铝类水滑石在水中因"记忆效应"而结构重建通过表面吸附和腐殖酸结构中小尺寸的官能团插层快速去除腐殖酸.     

焙烧态Ca-Mg-Al类水滑石的制备及其吸附As(Ⅴ)的研究

实验合成了一种焙烧态Ca-Mg-Al类水滑石,通过吸附动力学、吸附热力学及pH值的影响实验研究其对As(Ⅴ)的吸附性能;并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积及孔径(BET)、场发射扫面电子显微镜(FESEM)、傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等测试对合成材料进行表征并分析其吸附机理。实验结果表明,焙烧态Ca-Mg-Al类水滑石对As(Ⅴ)具有较强的吸附能力,其最大吸附量为71.86 mg/g,其吸附行为较符合Freundlich吸附等温方程和准一级动力学方程,且在不同的pH值下均能保持较好的吸附能力。焙烧态Ca-Mg-Al类水滑石吸附As(Ⅴ)的吸附机理主要包括类水滑石晶体结构的重建以及其表面羟基官能团的络合作用。     

铝镁铁三元类水滑石对Cr(VI)的吸附性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了铝镁铁三元类水滑石,考察了该类水滑石对水溶液中Cr(VI)的吸附性能。结果表明:在温度为20℃,初始pH值为7的条件下,吸附剂对Cr(VI)的吸附平衡时间约为15min,平衡时吸附量为8.37mg/g;吸附量随初始pH值的降低而增大,当初始pH值为2.8时吸附量达到9.55mg/g;吸附量还随着初始质量浓度的增加而增大,但当初始质量浓度超过20mg/L后吸附量反而下降。     

铝镁铁三元类水滑石对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

采用共沉淀法合成了铝镁铁三元类水滑石,考察了该类水滑石对水溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.结果表明:在温度为20℃,初始pH值为7的条件下,吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附平衡时间约为15 min,平衡时吸附量为8.37mg/g;吸附量随初始pH值的降低而增大,当初始pH值为2.8时吸附量达到9.55mg/g;吸附量还随着初始质量浓度的增加而增大,但当初始质量浓度超过20mg/L后吸附量反而下降.     

用MnO2 氧化废水中As(III)为As(V)的特性

废水中As(III)的减少速率在开始半小时内较快,半小时后速率较慢,慢反应阶段遵循一级反应动力学方程: ln[As(III)]=-kt+c. MnO2对As(III)的氧化能力随pH的升高而呈上升趋势.温度的升高有利于MnO2对As(III)的氧化.在MnO2氧化As(III)过程中,As(III)扩散到MnO2表面或As(V)从表面扩散到溶液中的反应是整个过程的限速反应.     

水热法制备Mg-Fe类水滑石及对水中硫酸根离子吸附的研究

采用尿素分解水热合成法制备Mg-Fe类水滑石,并通过XRD,FF-IR表征.利用Mg-Fe类水滑石焙烧产物对水中硫酸根离子进行一定条件的吸附去除.结果表明,Mg-Fe类水滑石层间阴离子为碳酸根,结晶效果较好.焙烧后Mg-Fe类水滑石在pH =4～8,温度为35℃,对初始浓度500 mg/L硫酸根离子具有较好的吸附能力,90 min可快速达到吸附平衡,吸附数据表明该吸附符合准二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir吸附模型,最大吸附量为151.51 mg/g.     

水滑石类吸附剂的研究进展

水体中阴离子类污染物引起人们广泛注意,近年来,水滑石类化合物作为廉价可循环利用的吸附剂,对阴离子类污染物显示了良好的吸附特性。从水滑石类化合物(HTLcs)的制备、对阴离子的吸附等方面简要介绍了目前国内外对HTLcs的研究进展。     

磁性水滑石对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

文章利用四氧化三铁对水滑石进行磁化改性,通过SEM、FTIR对其形貌进行表征,探究该材料去除水中Cd(Ⅱ)的热力学模型和动力学模型。SEM、FTIR表征结果证明:磁化后表面形态有较大的改善、结构官能团变化不大。实验表明:磁性水滑石对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附在90 min基本完成,最大吸附量为34.722 mg·g~(-1),吸附模型符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和Lagergren准二级动力学模型。     

磁性类水滑石的制备和吸附水中磷的研究

采用共沉淀制备一系列磁性Mg-Al、Zn-Al、Mg-Fe和Zn-Fe类水滑石磷吸附剂,并研究了磁性类水滑石的组成、摩尔比、pH值、吸附剂用量等对含磷酸盐废水的吸附性能影响。结果表明,磁性类水滑石对磷酸根有良好的吸附效果,磁性类水滑石的金属组成对磷酸根吸附有显著影响,其中Mg/Al摩尔比为2∶1的磁性类水滑石在pH=5～7范围内吸附效果最好,吸附剂最佳投加量0.5 g,最高吸附量达47.1 mg/g。     

焙烧态锌镁铝水滑石吸附刚果红的性能研究

采用水热法制备锌镁铝水滑石前驱体,经500℃焙烧得到Zn-Mg-Al复合金属氧化物(ZnMgAl-LDO)吸附材料。通过XRD、SEM、FTIR等对其结构特征及形貌进行表征。以难降解的有机染料刚果红为模拟污染物,研究ZnMgAl-LDO的吸附性能,并对吸附过程的动力学和等温线进行了探讨。结果表明,在25℃,pH值为7.02条件下,40 mg的ZnMgAl-LDO对200 mL初始质量浓度为40 mg/L刚果红溶液的去除率为97.86%。ZnMgAl-LDO对刚果红的吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,为表面单分子层吸附。经3次循环使用后,对刚果红的去除率仍能达到90%以上。     

硅烷偶联剂改性硅藻土及其去除水中As(Ⅴ)的研究

以硅藻土为基体,γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APES)作为改性剂,对硅藻土表面进行修饰,制备了针对As(V)吸附材料.采用单因素试验法,得到改性的最佳条件为:硅藻土为3 g,γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(APES)为4 mL,pH值为11,反应时间6 h,反应温度为30 ℃,该材料对As(V)的去除率可以达到87.11%.用扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对材料进行表征,显示:改性前后的硅藻整体结构不发生变化;硅藻经改性后活性羟基峰消失,表面生成新的-NH2吸收峰.用Freundlich吸附模型能更好的描述吸附行为,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程.     

Modeling As(III) and As(V) Removal by an Iron Oxide Impregnated Activated Carbon in a Binary Adsorbate System

The adsorption behavior of As(III) as a function of pH on an iron oxide impregnated activated carbon (FeAC) at different adsorbate/adsorbent concentrations was modeled using the surface complexation modeling approach (SCM). The surface complexation constants developed from single sorbate experiments successfully predicted competition between As(V) and As(III) and the SCM predictions were verified experimentally. The monoprotic surface site representation described the experimental data better than the diprotic representation. Based on surface complexation modeling simulations, the effect of As(V) on As(III) removal was greater than As(III) on As(V) removal. As(III) → (As(V) was observed for the FeAC and the virgin carbon beginning at pH = 8.     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中水溶态As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)的方法研究

本文提出了氢化物发生—原子荧光光谱法测定微量砷的价态分析方法。研究比较了离子交换分离法和控制酸度差减法测定As(Ⅲ)利As(Ⅴ)的分析性能。将控制酸度差减法应用于测定土壤样品水溶态中As(Ⅲ)和总砷的含量，As(Ⅴ)的含量由两者之差求得。该法简单可靠，容易操作，分析速度快，精密度较高。本方法的检出限为0．10ng；样品各态的总砷测的相对标准偏差在11．4-18．9％之间。     

Bioaccumulation of As(III)/As(V) ions by living cells of Corynebacterium glutamicum MTCC 2745

Significant factors on simultaneous growth and bioaccumulation of arsenic ions by living cells of bacteria, Corynebacterium glutamicum MTCC 2745, were explored in growth media under experimental conditions like pH and concentrations of arsenic ions. Combined effects of the initial concentrations of peptone and arsenic (either As(III) or As(V)) ions on the specific growth rate and arsenic bioaccumulation competence of the bacteria were studied and optimized using the Response Surface Methodology. Optimum combination predicted via RSM demonstrated that the bacteria were capable of bioaccumulating As(III) and As(V) in the growth medium containing 1000 mg/L arsenic and 9 g/L peptone up to 78.4% and 77.6%, respectively.     

Vanadium(V) Removal by Adsorption onto Activated Carbon Derived from Starch Industry Waste Sludge

This study examines the adsorption potential of activated carbons for vanadium (V) removal from aqueous solution. Activated carbons were produced via chemical activation of waste treatment sludge from the starch industry. Specific surface area and pore sizes of waste sludge samples were determined through chemical activation and pyrolysis. Experimental data indicated that sludge samples had micropore structure and specific surface area of up to 1196 m²/g. First-order and second-order models were applied to determine adsorption kinetics. Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherms were used to analyze equilibrium data of adsorption. Equilibrium adsorption data showed the best fit to the Freundlich isotherm. Adsorption of vanadium (V) follows second-order kinetic models. Maximum adsorption was observed at pH 4.0. Langmuir adsorption capacity was found to be 37.17 mg/g. The results of the study indicated that activated carbon obtained from industrial sewage sludge was effective in removing vanadium from aqueous solutions, which creates a significant advantage for treatment of industrial wastewaters and management of solid wastes.     

改性麦饭石去除饮用水中的砷

饮用水中砷超标会严重危害人的身体健康。该文利用MnO：对麦饭石进行改性,制备了一种高效的吸附剂;同时研究了在不同pH值、接触时间、改性麦饭石的投加量及砷的初始浓度条件下,改性麦饭石对饮用水中As（V）的去除。研究结果表明：在以上不同条件下,改性麦饭石对水中As（V）均有一定的去除效果。当pH值为6、接触时间为60min、改性麦饭石投加量为1000mg／L、水中As（V）的初始浓度为100μg／L时,改性麦饭石对饮用水中的As（V）的去除率为91％,此时水中砷的含量低于国家生活饮用水卫生标准（10μg／L）。     

Removal of As(V) by PVDF hollow fibers membrane contactors using Aliquat-336 as extractant

In this work, the removal of As(V) from an aqueous stream by non-dispersive solvent extraction in a hollow fibre membrane contactor was investigated. To this purpose, microporous hydrophobic poly(vinylidene fluoride) hollow fibres were prepared by the dry/wet spinning technique. Fibres were spun, changing the pore forming additives, to obtain micro-porous sponge-like structure membranes, with pore diameters of about 0.2 μm and porosity of 80%. The produced fibres were used to perform As(V) extraction experiments in a membrane contactor device, using Aliquat-336 as extractant. Different tests were carried out in order to study the effect of temperature, initial concentration, pH of the feed solution and membrane properties. The results showed that the extraction of As(V) by non-dispersive solvent extraction was influenced by the pH of the feed, with an optimum reached for neutral values, increased with the arsenic content in the feed and was not affected by temperature. The extraction was favoured by working with thinner membranes. The highest removal of arsenic achieved was around 70% after 6 h of operation. The produced fibres kept their performance for all the experimental activity, giving reproducible results with time.     

Studies of adsorption properties of crosslinked chitosan for vanadium(V), tungsten(VI)

In this article, the adsorption properties of crosslinked chitosan (CCTS) for V(V) and W(VI) were studied. Experimental results showed the adsorption rates of CCTS for V(V) and W(VI) were closely related to the acidity of solution. The adsorption rates were 97% for V(V) at pH 4.0 and 96% for W(VI) at pH 4.5. The adsorption balance times, adsorption capacities, and adsorption mechanism were explored. This research is of significance for removal of V(V) and W(VI) in industrial wastewater and their preconcentration in trace analysis. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1584–1588, 2004     

钢渣对水溶液中砷的吸附动力学和热力学特性试验

以炼钢厂固体废弃物钢渣为材料,通过批量平衡吸附法,并结合宏观热力学和动力模型应用,分析和研究了钢渣对水溶As(III)的吸附特征。结果表明钢渣在吸附As(III)过程中,初始阶段吸附量迅速增加,随着浓度的增加,吸附逐渐趋于饱和,最后达到平衡,具有"快速吸附、缓慢平衡"的特点。钢渣吸附材料具有极高的最大吸附容量,高达3.58×104mg/kg。钢渣对As(III)的吸附均符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温线,其中钢渣对As(III)的吸附特征与Freundlich等温吸附方程吻合性最好,相关系数(R2)达到0.99以上。钢渣对As(III)的吸附动力学数据均符合一级动力学方程、Elovich方程和双常数方程,拟合优度用相关系数(R2)为0.92~0.98,相比较而言,钢渣对As(III)的吸附以Elovich方程为最佳模型。     

改性羟基磷灰石对水体中五价钒的吸附

随着工业的发展,水体重金属污染逐渐成为环境污染的重要组成部分,寻求环境友好型材料来治理水体重金属污染已成为当今环境科学研究的热点之一.以Ca(NO3)2· 4H2O和(NH4)2HPO4为原料,利用溶液共沉淀法制备羟基磷灰石,并采用聚乙二醇对其改性,得到改性羟基磷灰石,并用其对水体中的钒污染物进行吸附研究.单因素吸附实验表明,溶液pH值、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和环境温度均会对吸附产生影响.在钒浓度为100 mg· L-1,溶液pH值为5.00的条件下,当改性羟基磷灰石投加量为10 g· L-1时,吸附趋于平衡,得到最大吸附率95.2%.在一定条件下,聚乙二醇改性羟基磷灰石可用于水体钒污染的修复.