无人直升机自抗扰自适应轨迹跟踪混合控制

为满足无人直升机高精度轨迹跟踪的控制需求,并降低直升机动力学模型误差对飞行控制器飞行控制效果产生的影响,提出自抗扰自适应直升机混合控制.该控制器的内环控制采用模型跟随自适应控制,通过使用动量反向传播算法(MOBP)对该内环控制参数进行实时优化.通过使用自抗扰控制(ADRC)对直升机的水平速度进行控制.仿真结果表明,该混合控制器能够实现直升机对预定轨迹的跟踪.相对PID和级联ADRC控制,该控制器具有更好的抗扰性和鲁棒性.通过在200 kg级的专业植保无人直升机XV-2上搭载所提出的控制器,使其自主飞行轨迹跟踪控制的均方根误差在0.6 m以内.      

无人软翼飞行器直线航迹跟踪鲁棒反步控制

为实现无人软翼飞行器的直线航迹跟踪控制,提出一种基于模拟对象的可变增益鲁棒反步控制方法.基于模拟对象方法建立软翼飞行器的航迹跟踪误差模型,并设计了可变增益反步跟踪控制器,通过合理设计增益参数,消除了部分复杂非线性项,避免了传统反步法中虚拟量高阶导数问题,简化了控制器形式,更有利于工程实现.根据Lyapunov理论设计的鲁棒反馈补偿项,在保证稳定性的同时提高了系统的鲁棒性.将控制器应用于无人软翼飞行器平面直线航迹跟踪控制中,仿真实验表明,所设计的控制器可以实现直线航迹的精确跟踪,且具有很好的鲁棒性.      

带有负载观测的异步电动机广义预测控制

提出了一种带有负载观测功能的异步电动机广义预测控制算法,在对系统动态模型分析的基础上建立了调速系统的受控自回归积分滑动平均模型.该控制算法给出了能够使下一次采样时刻的实际转速以最优特性跟踪下一时刻参考转速的广义预测控制律,并采用负载转矩观测器的前馈功能增强速度控制的抗干扰能力.仿真和实验结果表明,通过合理选择控制器参数,具有转矩预测功能的直接转矩控制系统在转速跟踪和抗扰能力方面得到一定提高.      

自抗扰控制在推力矢量飞机大迎角机动中的应用

为实现推力矢量飞机的大迎角机动控制,提出一种基于自抗扰控制的三通道解耦控制策略.以第三代战机F16公开数据为基础,添加推力矢量模型,利用双发推力矢量喷管组合偏转产生大迎角机动的期望三轴力矩.在纵向、横向和航向通道分别独立设计自抗扰控制器,将系统中未建模动态、不确定性以及通道间的强耦合视作总扰动进行估计并补偿,并在纵向和航向通道引入角速度阻尼反馈项,使原始飞行器开环动力学闭环近似为一个广义对象,降低了自抗扰控制器的设计阶次.选取眼镜蛇机动和赫伯斯特机动两种典型的过失速机动动作进行控制策略验证,数值仿真结果表明,所设计的三通道独立自抗扰控制器能够消除通道间的强耦合,完成推力矢量飞机的大迎角机动控制.蒙特卡罗仿真测试表明,所提控制策略具有较强的鲁棒性.      

球磨机制粉系统的线性自抗扰控制

球磨机制粉系统具有大惯性、大时滞和强耦合等特点,很难建立精确的数学模型.本文分析了球磨机制粉系统的动态特性,并为其设计分散线性自抗扰控制方案.该方案综合分散控制和线性自抗扰控制器的优点,结构简单,不依赖于对象精确模型,可以对被控对象中存在的耦合、干扰和不确定性等进行估计并补偿.根据实际现场要求,对球磨机制粉系统进行设定值跟踪实验、输入扰动实验和性能鲁棒性实验,并比较所设计方案与PID方案的控制性能.结果表明,分散线性自抗扰控制具有更强的解耦能力和抗干扰能力,且性能鲁棒性更优.      

基于外部单目视觉的仿生扑翼飞行器室内定高控制

针对扑翼飞行器的定高飞行,设计了基于外部单目视觉的室内定高控制系统:通过外部单目相机获取扑翼飞行器的飞行图像,基于Qt编写的地面站软件接收图像并利用基于OpenCV的图像处理算法检测扑翼飞行器上的发光标识点,获得标识点在图像上的像素坐标;基于卡尔曼滤波器（KF）建立标识点像素坐标的运动状态估计器,降低环境噪声干扰并解决了标识点被短暂遮挡的问题;分别建立常规PID和单神经元PID控制系统,通过蓝牙控制扑翼飞行器的电机转速,实现了基于图像的扑翼飞行器室内定高飞行。对比实验结果表明,本文设计的定高飞行控制系统可以使扑翼飞行器标记点的图像坐标保持在外部单目相机图像的中心横线处。针对阶跃响应信号,单神经元PID控制系统的响应速度比常规PID控制系统响应速度稍慢一些,但是控制精度明显优于常规PID控制器,最大相对误差为3%。      

基于预瞄距离的地下矿用铰接车路径跟踪预测控制

矿用车辆无人驾驶是实现矿山无人化开采的关键技术, 而路径跟踪控制是无人驾驶系统的核心技术之一.路径跟踪控制系统是多变量、多约束系统, 采用传统方法在多约束条件下存在执行器饱和等问题.针对上述问题, 本文引入模型预测控制方法, 通过考虑车辆的姿态与位置之间的关系, 以跟踪路径的横向偏差最小化和车辆的航向角偏差最小化为目标对预测控制的目标函数进行优化, 以获得车辆速度和铰接角度的最优控制量, 实现对多变量、多约束系统的求解.针对模型预测控制算法不能提前判断道路曲率突变而导致跟踪超调的问题, 提出基于预瞄距离的控制方法, 通过提前判断道路突变信息, 提高车辆路径跟踪精确性和稳定性.使用Matlab/Adams仿真软件进行对比仿真试验, 结果表明: 使用模型预测跟踪控制器能够解决多变量、多约束系统控制问题, 有效防止执行器饱和; 而使用基于预瞄距离的模型预测跟踪控制器能够使车辆的横向位置偏差保持在±0.04 m, 航向角偏差保持在±1.8°范围内, 相较于改进前的控制器, 其横向位置偏差减少了80.9%, 航向角偏差减少了59.1%, 证明改进后的控制器具有更好的横向稳定性和精确性.      

一种线性自抗扰控制器参数自整定方法

针对线性自抗扰控制器参数难于整定的问题,提出了一种基于动态响应过程时序数据挖掘的参数自整定算法.算法以线性自抗扰控制器中线性误差反馈律的两个增益信号回路的动态响应为参数调整对象,通过改进变收缩系数的随机搜索算法进行参数整定,记录动态响应过程数据,基于关联关系挖掘得到控制参数调整策略应用于线性自抗扰控制器的参数自整定.为验证本文提出的参数自整定方法的实际效果,以液压自动位置控制系统为控制对象,分别采用阶跃响应仿真和Monte Carlo实验进行对比研究.结果表明,基于数据挖掘参数自整定的线性自抗扰控制器动态响应较好,鲁棒性较强,改进了变收缩系数随机搜索算法调整时间较长以及传统线性自抗扰控制器超调较大的缺点,是一种具有实用性的线性自抗扰控制器参数自整定方法.      

具有状态约束与输入饱和的全向移动机器人自适应跟踪控制

研究了全状态约束与输入饱和情况下的全向移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制问题.首先,针对一类三轮驱动的全向移动机器人,考虑系统存在模型参数不确定与外部扰动,建立了运动学与动力学模型;其次,利用障碍Lyapunov函数,结合反步设计方法,有效处理全向移动机器人跟踪过程中存在的状态约束,保证所有状态变量不会超出状态约束的限制区域;然后,针对系统参数不确定和未知有界扰动,设计相应的自适应律进行处理;同时,提出一种抗饱和补偿器保证机器人输入力矩满足饱和约束;并且利用Lyapunov理论分析证明了当选取合适的控制参数时闭环系统中的所有信号均能保证一致有界;最后,通过与未考虑状态约束和输入饱和的控制器以及经典比例-微分控制器进行仿真对比,验证了该方法的有效性和鲁棒性.      

基于分段模糊Lyapunov函数的轮式移动机器人轨迹跟踪控制

研究了具有控制输入约束和外部干扰的轮式移动机器人的轨迹跟踪问题.在轨迹跟踪位姿误差的T-S模型和并行分布补偿框架下,利用分段模糊Lyapunov理论给出了满足控制输入约束的H_∞控制器设计方法,并证明了闭环系统的稳定性.仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性.      

Robust Backstepping Sliding Mode Attitude Tracking and Vibration Damping of Flexible Spacecraft with Actuator Dynamics

This paper presents a dual-stage control system design method for the attitude tracking control and vibration stabilization of a spacecraft with flexible appendages embedded with piezoceramics as sensor and actuator. In this design approach, attitude control system and vibration suppression were designed separately using a lower order model. Based on the sliding mode control (SMC) and backstepping technique, a new attitude controller in the form of the input voltage of the reaction wheel is derived to control the attitude motion of a spacecraft, in which the reaction wheel dynamics is also considered from the real applications point of view. Here the sliding mode technique is used to achieve an asymptotic convergence of the attitude and angular velocity tracking errors in the presence of parameter variation and disturbance by providing a virtual torque input at the rigid body while the backstepping technique is used to regulate the input voltage of the actuator to provide the required torque. The asymptotic stability is shown using a Lyapunov analysis. Furthermore, an adaptive version of the proposed attitude control law is also designed for adapting the unknown upper bounds of the lumped disturbance so that the limitation of knowing the bound of the disturbance in advance is released. For actively suppressing the induced vibration, strain rate feedback control methods are presented by using piezoelectric materials as additional sensors and actuators bonded on the surface of the flexible appendages. The performances of the hybrid control schemes are assessed in terms of attitude tracking and level of vibration reduction in comparison to the proportional-derivative and conventional SMC. Both analytical and numerical results are presented to show the theoretical and practical merit of this hybrid approach.     

Autonomous Hovering of an Experimental Unmanned Helicopter System with Proportional-Integral Sliding Mode Control

This paper presents a method of approaching the attitude control of an autonomously hovering unmanned helicopter system. The proportional-integral sliding mode controller (PISMC) features a combination of the conventional sliding mode control (SMC) and the integral sliding mode control (ISMC). By applying the PISMC algorithm, the controller is capable of providing stable roll and pitch control of the main rotor simultaneously. To show how PISMC may improve system performance, this paper develops an experimental unmanned helicopter system to assess the performance of the proposed controller. The results of the simulation show that the tracking error of the PISMC is not only smaller but also converges more quickly than that of the conventional SMC. Resulting roll and pitch controllers are successfully verified in computer simulations and actual flight tests. The flight test results presented in the paper are found to be consistent with the simulation results.     

Model and Control of Flexible Multibody Satellite

In order to estimate total disturbances including parametric uncertainties, unmodeled dynamics, and external disturbances, and achieve the dynamic feedback compensation of the estimated total disturbances, we design a double closed loop attitude active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC). By taking flexible vibrations of solar panels and a flexible antenna as an external disturbance, and using only the estimated transformation matrix of control input, a simplified dynamic model has been used to replace the accurate dynamic model of a rigid body in a flexible multibody satellite dynamics model. Simulation results indicate that the attitude ADRC designed still has the original dynamic response when large external disturbance acts on the system. Therefore, we come to the conclusion that the ADRC designed can be used to solve the problem of control systems with uncertainties in the process of modeling different flexible multibody systems.     

Vision-Based Indoor Localization for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Small unmanned aerial vehicles are cost-effective and easy to operate, and especially suitable in dangerous indoor environments. However, because GPS is not available in an indoor environment, indoor localization is a crucial problem in developing small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This paper suggests vision-based indoor localization for UAVs in GPS-denied environments. Our approach is based on image matching by applying the scale invariant feature transform algorithm.     

Two-step Design of Critical Control Systems Using Disturbance Cancellation Integral Controllers

An efficient critical control system design is proposed in this paper.The key idea is to decompose the design problem into two simpler design steps by the technique used in the classical loop transfer recovery method (LTR).The disturbance cancellation integral controllcr is uscd as a basic controller.Since the standard loop transfer recovery method cannot bc applied to the disturbance cancellation controller, the nonstandard version recently found is used for the decomposition.Exogenous inputs with constraints both on the amplitude and rate of change are considered. The majorant approach is taken to obtain the analytical sufficient matching conditions.A numerical design example is presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.