对流-扩散方程数值解的四次 B 样条方法

基于四次 B 样条函数,提出一种求解一类对流-扩散方程的四次 B 样条方法。首 先利用光滑余因子协调法,得到有界闭区间上具有均匀节点的一元四次 B 样条基函数表达式。 接着计算在有界闭区间两端点处具有重节点的几种不同情况下的 B 样条基函数表达式,这些样 条基函数具有非负性、单位分解性等良好的性质。然后将一元四次 B 样条函数应用于求解一类 一维对流-扩散方程,其中对于对流-扩散方程的离散过程,对于时间变量的离散采用向前有限 差分,而对于空间变量的离散,引入参数 δ,建立四次样条逼近格式。之后利用四次 B 样条函 数去求解该对流-扩散方程。最后通过具体算例,将四次样条逼近方法与有限差分方法进行比较, 且给出直观的数值误差对比,由此说明样条逼近方法更加简便实用。     

双二次B-样条插值图像缩放

双线性和各种双三次插值方法是图像缩放中常用方法,但是双二次插值函数却很少被人提起。本文提出了一种基于双二次B-样条局部插值的图像缩放方法,该算法在图像局部重构过程中对称地采用了4×4采样点,并通过对该函数进行重采样来实现图像的缩放,避免了二次函数在图像重构与采样中的相位失真问题,此算法是一个局部性算法,易于扩展。实验结果表明,本文算法得到的图像的峰值信噪比(PSNR)、MISSIM值比双线性插值、双三次卷积、Catmull-Rom三次插值、Dodgson插值算法都要好,接近于最好的双三次B-样条算法,视觉效果虽然不如双三次B-样条插值算法,但优于Dodgson方法,计算时间比双三次B-样条减少了近三分之一。由于该算法没有对图像边缘特征进行特殊处理,对于一些细节纹理比较丰富的图像,将进一步研究。     

三维汉字的字形合成方法

在作者提出的一种构造三维字体方法的基础上,采用三次B-样条插值曲线表示笔画的横截面和轴线,按照给定的合成参数,将不同的三维汉字字形合成为新的三维字形,取得了预期的效果。     

三次均匀B样条扩展曲线的渐进迭代逼近法

为了得到收敛速度更快的几何迭代法,提出带形状参数的三次均匀B样条扩展曲线的(加权)渐进迭代逼近法.首先基于三次均匀B样条扩展曲线提出(加权)渐进迭代逼近法的迭代格式;然后通过分析迭代矩阵的谱半径,探讨迭代法的最优形状参数及加权渐进迭代逼近法的最优权系数;最后指出双三次均匀B样条扩展曲面同样具有(加权)渐进迭代逼近性质.数值实例结果表明,所求的最优形状参数及权系数使得迭代法具有最快的收敛速度.     

基于B样条的Level-Set GPU演化算法

大部分Level-Set演化模型基于平均曲率或梯度,这对去除3D数据的噪声时保持线状特征是不利的;在解Level-Set演化方程时一般采用迎风格式,精度较低。设计了基于曲率差的高阶演化方程以及基于B样条和中心差分的混合GPU解法器。实验结果表明,基于曲率差的演化方程能够在光顺数据时保持线状特征。     

高精度三次参数样条曲线的构造

构造参数样条曲线的关键是选取节点，该文讨论了GC^2三次参数样条曲线需满足的连续性方程，提出了构造GC^2三次参数样条曲线的新方法，在讨论了平面有序五点确定一组三次多项式函数曲线，平面有序六点唯一确定一条三次多项式函数曲线的基础上，提出了计算相邻两区间上的节点的算法，构造的插值曲线具有三次多项式函数精,该文还以实例对新方法与其它方法构造的插值曲线的精度进行了比较。     

基于DXF文件格式的三次参数样条曲线的生成

介绍了三次参数样条曲线的研究现状和AutoCAD软件接口,提出了以DXF文件格式为桥梁实现AutoCAD三次样条图形与VC++之间的数据交换.运用VC++编程提取出该文件中各个三次样条曲线的起始端点和终止端点切向、型值点总数和各型值点坐标,运用给出的三次参数样条曲线生成原理和方法,VC++编程实现了三次参数样条曲线的参数化绘制.     

任意散乱点集的B-样条曲面重建

为了解决工业设计中复杂形体的曲面造型问题,提出了一种张量积型的低阶B-样条曲面重建算法。先将采集到的任意拓扑形状的散乱数据点进行三次不同的参数化得到四边形控制网格,然后再采用张量积型的双二次、双三次B-样条进行拟合,在拟合的过程中采用距离函数来控制拟合误差,得到光滑的曲面。运用该方法,直接对初始散乱点集进行重建,方法简单易实施,重建效率高并且重建后的样条曲面自然满足切平面连续。与以往的方法相比,该方法在逆向工程中可以在保证连续性的情况下,得到精准的结果曲面,提高了曲面造型的质量和效率。     

一维抛物型方程的样条子域精细积分(SSPI)隐格式

对一维抛物型方程初边值问题的求解,以往已经有一些数值解法,它们或者无条件稳定但精度不高,或者精度高但仅为条件稳定,且稳定性条件严格.另外,以往的差分格式在处理第二、第三类边界条件问题时,对带导数边界条件都是进行简单的差分逼近,影响了数值解的精度.因此构造一个无条件稳定且对各类边值问题都具有良好精度的数值方法具有重要意义.为此,基于子域精细积分思想,结合三次样条函数,提出了求解一维抛物型方程初边值问题含参数的样条子域精细积分格式.该格式为绝对稳定且精度很高.由于三次样条函数的采用,避免了通常有限差分法中处理带导数边界条件时产生的逼近误差,大大提高了求解第二、三类边界条件问题时的精度.     

一种新型的地形等高线矢量化方法

该文提出了一种新型的地形等高线的矢量化方法,使用该方法,不需要对等高线进行细化处理而直接进行矢量化,并在此基础之上对矢量化结果使用三次B-样条拟合。实验证明该方法是有效的,并且试验结果和实际等高线基本吻合。     

Application of uniform cubic B-spline curves to machine-tool control

The application of B-spline functions in the domain of machine-tool control can be efficient only if it is possible to simultaneously control the shape of a contour and the speed along this contour. The paper describes a method allowing us to control the speed of a tool moving along a contour defined by an uniform cubic B-spline. This method is based upon the discretization of the B-spline parameter with respect to both a given geometrical error at to the desired speed law.     

Collocation and finite difference-collocation methods for the solution of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation

Two numerical techniques based on the finite difference and collocation methods are presented for the solution of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation. The operational matrix of derivative for the cubic B-spline scaling functions is presented and is utilized to reduce the solution of nonlinear Klein-Gordon equation to the solution of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the new techniques.     

A fourth-order B-spline collocation method and its error analysis for Bratu-type and Lane–Emden problems

Recently, Caglar et al. [B-spline method for solving Bratu's problem, Int. J. Comput. Math. 87(8) (2010), pp. 1885–1891] proposed a numerical technique based on cubic B-spline for solving a Bratu-type problem. This method provides a second-order convergent approximation to the solution of the problem. In this paper, we develop a high-order numerical method based on quartic B-spline collocation approach for the Bratu-type and Lane–Emden problems. The error analysis of the quartic B-spline interpolation is carried out. Some numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficiency and applicability of the method and to verify its rate of convergence. The numerical results are compared with exact solutions and a numerical method based on cubic B-spline approach. Comparison reveals that our method produces more accurate results than the method proposed by Caglar et al. [B-spline method for solving Bratu's problem, Int. J. Comput. Math. 87(8) (2010), pp. 1885–1891].     

Parameter-uniform hybrid numerical scheme for time-dependent convection-dominated initial-boundary-value problems

In this paper, we propose a numerical scheme which is almost second-order spatial accurate for a one-dimensional singularly perturbed parabolic convection-diffusion problem exhibiting a regular boundary layer. The proposed numerical scheme consists of classical backward-Euler method for the time discretization and a hybrid finite difference scheme for the spatial discretization. We analyze the scheme on a piecewise-uniform Shishkin mesh for the spatial discretization to establish uniform convergence with respect to the perturbation parameter. Numerical results are presented to validate the theoretical results.     

Efficient numerical solution of Fisher's equation by using B-spline method

This paper seeks to develop an efficient B-spline scheme for solving Fisher's equation, which is a nonlinear reaction–diffusion equation describing the relation between the diffusion and nonlinear multiplication of a species. To find the solution, domain is partitioned into a uniform mesh and then cubic B-spline function is applied to Fisher's equation. The method yields stable and accurate solutions. The results obtained are acceptable and in good agreement with some earlier studies. An important advantage is that the method is capable of greatly reducing the size of computational work.     

Higher order methods for convection-diffusion problems

This paper applies C¹ cubic Hermite polynomials embedded in an orthogonal collocation scheme to the spatial discretization of the unsteady nonlinear Burgers equation as a model of the equations of fluid mechanics. The temporal discretization is carried out by means of either a noniterative finite difference or an iterative finite difference procedure. Results of this method are compared with those of a second-order finite difference scheme and a splined-cubic Taylor's series scheme. Stability limits are derived and the matrix structure of the several schemes are compared.     

Numerical solution of time-fractional fourth-order partial differential equations

A quintic B-spline collocation technique is employed for the numerical solution of time-fractional fourth-order partial differential equations. These equations occur in many applications in real-life problems such as modelling of plates and thin beams, strain gradient elasticity and phase separation in binary mixtures, which are basic elements in engineering structures and are of great practical significance to civil, mechanical and aerospace engineering. The time-fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. Backward Euler scheme is used for time discretization and the quintic B-spline-based numerical method is used for space discretization. The stability and convergence properties related to the time discretization are discussed and theoretically proven. The given problem is solved with three different boundary conditions, including clamped-type condition, simply supported-type condition, and a transversely supported-type condition. Numerical results are considered to investigate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method.     

Numerical solution of nonlinear system of Klein–Gordon equations by cubic B-spline collocation method

A technique to approximate the solutions of nonlinear Klein–Gordon equation and Klein–Gordon-Schrödinger equations is presented separately. The approach is based on collocation of cubic B-spline functions. The above-mentioned equations are decomposed into a system of partial differential equations, which are further converted to an amenable system of ODEs. The obtained system has been solved by SSP-RK54 scheme. Numerical solutions are presented for five examples, to show the accuracy and usefulness of proposed approach. The approximate solutions of both the equations are computed without using any transformation and linearization. The technique can be applied with ease to solve linear and nonlinear PDEs and also reduces the computational work.     

带局部形状参数的三次均匀B样条曲线的扩展

带形状参数的B样条曲线的构造已成为计算机辅助几何设计中的热点问题.为了使形状参数具有局部修改功能,给出了两类带局部形状参数的调配函数,它们都是三次均匀B样条基函数的扩展.基于给出的调配函数,定义了两种带局部形状参数的分段多项式曲线.可以通过改变局部形状参数的取值对曲线进行局部调整.调整形状参数可使三次多项式曲线在三次均匀B样条曲线远离控制多边形的一侧摆动,而四次多项式曲线在三次均匀B样条曲线的两侧摆动.最后讨论了它们在曲线设计及曲线插值中的应用.造型实例表明,该类曲线在计算机辅助几何设计中具有重要的应用价值.     

基于二代小波提升算法的快速图像边缘检测

利用小波多尺度特性提取图像边缘是目前研究热点之一;通过比较第一代和第二代小波算法特点,引入二代小波提升结构的概念,提出了一种基于二代小波提升结构的快速图像边缘检测算法;对三次B样条小波基实现提升格式,通过计算大尺度下分解子图的模值和幅角来确定边缘;经过实验比较,能比经典的边缘检测算法得出更精确的边缘图像,同时通过与基于第一代小波算法的边缘检测比较,基于二代小波提升格式的边缘检测算法计算更快速,更高效.