Fe基纳米晶软磁合金的发展

本文把Fe基纳米晶软磁合金分成了不易氧化、原始非晶带制备过程更容易的Fe-M-Si-Cu-B(M=Nb,Mo,V,W,Cr)类和具有更高饱和磁感应强度Bs的Fe-N-B(M=Zr,Hf,Nd,Nb)类两大类别,对Fe-M-Si-Cu-B类合金,主要概括了在早期开发的Fe-Nb--Si-Cu-B的基础上用更廉价的金属如Mo,V,C,Cr代替Nb而开的一系列新型纳米晶软磁合金的综合软磁性能及其应用。同也概括了Fe-M-B类合金的发展情况。对铁基纳米晶软磁合金的种类、组成、各项软磁性能及发展趋势进行了综合评述。横向比较了各种不同合金的优缺点,展望了铁基纳米晶软磁合金的应用前景。     

铁基块体金属玻璃软磁合金近期研发进展概况

 总结了1995年首次报道铁基块体金属玻璃(BMG)软磁合金研发成功以来该类合金的研发进展概况;阐述了BMG形成条件,BMG合金系及制备方法,各种类型铁基BMG合金的成分、制备要点及磁性,初步探索了双相BMG合金,简要介绍了铁基块体纳米晶合金,并评价了铁基BMG软磁合金的优势、不足及应用前景。     

铁基非晶、纳米晶软磁合金研究概况

铁基非晶/纳米晶软磁合金由于其高饱和磁感应强度、磁导率、电阻率和较低的矫顽力、铁芯耗损等优点,广泛应用于通信、计算机等高新领域。本文综述了铁基非晶/纳米晶合金的分类、制备方法及组织性能等,主要阐述了合金中Co、Ni、Si、B等元素对合金微观组织、GFA和Bs、Hc等软磁性能等影响;简要介绍了铁基非晶/纳米晶合金可能的研究趋势。     

铁基非晶合金的辐照性能

铁基非晶合金由于成本低较、易制备、较好的温度稳定性等优点,并具优异的机械性能、磁性能和耐腐蚀性能而被广泛研究.并且其固有的无序结构有助于抵抗辐照导致的损伤,使得铁基非晶合金可作为抗辐照材料使用.辐照既可以试验铁基非晶合金的性能也是优化铁基非晶合金结构和性能的有效方法.本文综述了铁基非晶合金中子辐照、离子辐照和电子辐照性能的研究进展,探讨了铁基非晶合金的结构和性能与非晶合金的成分以及辐照粒子的类型、能量、注量之间的关系,以及辐照晶化的机制,为进一步促进高性能铁基非晶合金的研究提供了有价值的参考.      

纳米晶软磁合金Fe-Zr-Nb-B的磁性能

本文通过对纳米晶软磁合金Fe-Zr-Nb-B磁性能的研究，得知当合金成分配比为Fe85.5Zr2Nb4B8.5且退火40min后合金的磁性能是最佳的。其磁导率为60，000(1kHz)，饱和磁感应强度为1.64T，磁致伸缩几乎为零。合金的铁损也很低，在1．4T、50Hz时低至0．09W／kg，这个值比Fe-Si-B系非晶合金要低很多。因此Fe-Zr-Nb-B合金很适合做杆式变压器材料。     

Fe基非晶/氮化物双层结构制备与表征

以Fe-Si-B为代表的非晶合金薄带具有高磁导率、低矫顽力及低铁损等优异软磁性能,特别适用于作为变压器和传感器的关键材料。然而,其低的饱和磁矩限制了其作为软磁合金性能的进一步提高。铁氮化合物具有高的饱和磁矩,通过在非晶合金基体引入铁氮化合物,能够提高Fe-Si-B合金的饱和磁矩。采用高能离子注入的方式,在Fe-Si-B非晶薄带表面实现了非平衡渗氮,在保持非晶基体的情况下,制备出具有不同氮含量的铁基非晶/氮化物双层结构的非晶薄带,利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、俄歇电子能谱仪(AES)和振动样品磁强计(VSM),研究了注入剂量对Fe基非晶带材结构和磁性能的影响。实验结果表明,通过调整离子注入剂量,可以制备出Fe基非晶/氮化物双层结构,并提高样品的饱和磁矩。随着注入剂量的增加,合金先是从完全非晶相转变为非晶/晶体复合相,最终转变为完全晶态;注入剂量为1×10~(16) ions·cm~(-2)的样品饱和磁矩最大,达1.70 T,比未注入样品提高18.1%。     

铁钴软磁合金加工性能的研究

研究了微量铌对高饱和磁感应强度软磁合金冷变形加工性能的影响,结果表明,在铁钴软磁合金中添加微量铌,在淬火后合金冷轧不裂.同时对加铌铁钴合金进行了热模拟实验和软化退火实验,结果表明,加铌铁钴合金的延展性较好,可以采用低温加工,而初轧后铁钴合金的退火时温度应高于其无序-有序转变温度730℃,才能使合金有效软化,以便于合金的进一步轧制.     

Fe-M-B的磁性能及应用

介绍了纳米晶软磁合金Fe—M—B的磁畸结构、磁性能及其应用。分析了在不同温度退火后磁畴结构的变化。论述了Fe-Nb-B合金和Fe-Zr-B合金的磁性能。得出结论：当Fe—Nb—B舍金中的B含量≤9at％时，淬态合金具有非晶 α-Fe双重结构，且Bs高达1．6T；加入0．1at％的Cu和1at％的P可减小淬态α-Fe晶粒的大小，且晶化后结构均匀。在760K、退火1h后获得的纳米晶Fe86Zr6B8合金含有60％晶化的α-Fe相，并且具有高达1．58T的饱和磁感应强度和较低的铁损。     

锆基块体非晶合金力学性能的研究进展

锆基块体非晶合金具有优良的非晶形成能力,可在很小的冷却速率条件下获得.锆基非晶合金具有高强度、超塑性、高弹性、高硬度、高耐磨性和高耐腐蚀性能等,有着广阔的应用前景.总结了锆基非晶合金的形成机制,着重对锆基非晶合金的力学性能、耐腐性能等进行了综述.     

磁退火处理对玻璃包覆钴基非晶合金复合微丝磁电性能的影响

通过玻璃包覆法连续制备出尺寸可控的玻璃包覆的钴基非晶合金微丝。研究了不同退火条件(普通热退火、横向磁场退火和纵向磁场退火)对合金微丝微观结构和磁性能及导电率的影响。采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试分析微丝中的相变化,采用振动样品磁强计(VSM)测试微丝的磁性能。发现不同退火条件对非晶基体中析出纳米晶相的成分、尺寸和沿轴向的分布有显著影响,进而对非晶合金丝的磁、电性能产生重大影响。其中,轴向磁场退火可获得最佳的磁性能和电性能,其饱和磁化强度比淬态提高225%,初始磁导率提高214%,导电率提高26%。对比磁退火处理后性能最佳的薄带,该微丝饱和磁化强度提高110%,初始磁导率提高79%,导电率提高45%。     

Preparation of Fe-Based Bulk Amorphous Materials and Its Application to Sensors

The study of recent years found that big bulk amorphous alloys were formed for some multi-element compositions at rapid cooling speed such as Zr-, La-, Fe-, Mg-based alloys with wide undercooled liquid phase field and high trend of forming glass.( ATx = crystallization temperature Tx - glass transformation temperature Tg) Bulk amorphous copper mold upper suction casting with minus pressure while some new technical processes and adding new elements such as Co, Nb, Ca, etc.were used to improve magnetic properties and other performances of the materials.The results show that Fe-based bulk amorphous alloys have low coercive force and high permeability, which are successfully applied to magnetoelectric sensors with temperature ranges between -45 ℃ and 150 ℃ by special design of magnetic circuits.     

铁钴纳米合金的制备及表征

Fe-Co合金是重要的金属软磁材料,由于具有高饱和磁感应强度、低矫顽力、高磁导率和低磁各向异性常数等独特的软磁材料性能而倍受关注。本实验以水合肼为还原剂,PVP为分散剂,采用液相还原法制备出纳米Fe-Co合金,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差示扫描量仪(DSC)对样品进行了表征。研究结果表明:制得的样品为非晶态无定形;颗粒呈球形,平均粒径为57nm;Fe-Co合金的抗氧化能力较强,在常温下不易被氧化。最后对Fe-Co纳米金属材料的发展趋势进行了展望,同时指出了Fe-Co纳米金属材料制备方法研究中存在的问题。     

用非晶晶化法制备纳米晶材料

纳米晶材料具有一般固体材料所没有的优异的力学和电磁特性。通常的纳米晶材料为粉末、薄膜或细丝，因其尺度比较小，产业化比较困难。利用非晶晶化的方法可以制备纳米晶带材、丝材和粉末。例如纳米晶磁性材料Ｆｅ－Ｎｂ－Ｃｕ－Ｓｉ－Ｂ、纳米晶强度材料Ａｌ－Ｎｉ－Ｂ－Ｆｅ等已用此法生产。其中纳米晶磁性材料已大量生产，达到实用规模。实验表明，非晶的成分、制备工艺以及随后晶化的方式都影响纳米晶的形成和以后的使用性能。     

Research progress on Finemet- type alloy with high saturation magnetic induction

Finemet type alloys attract a large number of scholars at home and abroad to study them due to their excellent soft magnetic properties such as high magnetic permeability, low loss and small magnetostriction coefficient. The structure and magnetic properties of Finemet type alloys were introduced and compared with other typical soft magnetic materials. The research work on improving the soft magnetic high saturation magnetic induction intensity of Finemet type alloy at home and abroad was reviewed, and the suggestions for future research directions were put forward.     

新型(Fe,Co)-Zr-RE-B非晶合金的热稳定性和磁性

利用旋铸技术制备了一种新型的含稀土元素的铁基非晶合金。研究了Nd含量对Fe70Co8Zr7-xNdxB15(x=0～6%原子数分数)合金的非晶形成能力、热稳定性和磁性能的影响。当该合金系的Nd含量在0～6%(原子数分数)变化时,其饱和磁感应强度(Js)在1.10T～1.37T范围内变化,矫顽力(Hc)在2.28A/m～8.15A/m范围内变化。Js随Nd含量的增加而增加,当Nd含量为2%和3%时,其Hc值均在3A/m以下,且在Nd含量为2%时,具有最高的非晶形成能力(glassformationability简称GFA)即大的ΔTx(达61K);同时又有良好的软磁性能,其Js和Hc值分别为1.25T和2.28A/m。经对比得出,Fe70Co8Zr5RE2B15(RE=Ce、Pr、Gd和Tb)合金与Fe70Co8Zr5Nd2B15具有相近的非晶形成能力和磁性能。     

放电等离子烧结制备铁基大块非晶材料

以惰性气体雾化的非晶铁基粉末为原料,采用放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)制备大块非晶材料.探索了SPS烧结温度对烧结体的物相、相对密度、微观结构和性能的影响.试验表明,采用优化的SPS烧结工艺,用粉末冶金的方法,可以获得致密的大块非晶材料,部分性能与铸态相当.     

The Influence of 3d and 4d Transition Metals on the Glass Forming Ability of Ternary FeCo-Based Alloys

Thermodynamic modeling was used to determine enthalpies of formation and other thermodynamic parameters describing glass forming ability of Fe-Co-TM (TM = V, Nb, Cr, Mo) alloys. FeCo-based alloys are considered as candidates for applications as high magnetic flux density materials due to their high magnetic saturation and low magnetic anisotropy. Nevertheless, mechanical properties, especially the lack of ductility, are their main weakness. Therefore, further optimization by vitrification, further heat treatment and alloying should be considered. As the most crucial step is the synthesis of amorphous precursors, discussion is concentrated on the effect of transition metal substitution on the glass forming ability. The highest glass forming ability was reported for Fe-Co-Nb alloys. It can be also noted that the driving force for vitrification can be improved by substitution of Fe by other transition elements, as glass forming ability parameter ∆P_HS reaches the lowest values for Fe-less compositions.

     

块体纳米软磁材料的研究现状

介绍了国内外块体纳米软磁材料的发展和应用情况。对块体纳米软磁材料的制备方法、纳米晶的形成机理、优异软磁性能的根源进行了探讨。阐述了未来块体纳米软磁材料的研究方向。     

Structure, Properties, and Glass Forming Ability of Melt-Spun Fe-Zr-B-Cu Alloys with Different Zr/B Ratios

Melt-spun ribbons of Fe_99–x–y Zr _x B _y Cu₁ alloys with x + y = 11 and x + y = 13 were prepared under similar experimental conditions and characterized for structure and soft magnetic properties. Substitution of Zr by B changes the structure of as-spun ribbons from completely amorphous to cellular bcc solid solution coexisting with the amorphous phase at intercellular regions and then to completely dendritic solid solution. The glass forming ability (GFA) of the Fe-Zr-B-Cu system, evaluated from thermodynamic properties such as enthalpy of mixing and mismatch entropy, is found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations. Annealing of all ribbons leads to the precipitation of nanocrystalline bcc α-Fe phase from both amorphous phase and already existing bcc solid solution. A window of alloy compositions that exhibit the best combination of soft magnetic properties (high saturation magnetization and low coercivity) was identified.