供应链环境下带越库配送的多配送中心车辆路径问题

从零售业纵向供应链管理入手,考虑由供应商、零售商和多个配送中心构成的城市物流协同配送网络,研究带有越库配送的多配送中心车辆路径问题.分析越库配送的实施要求和操作准则,将配送过程分为集货、送货阶段.应对产品种类多样化需求,设置集货过程车辆协同作业返回配送中心,送货过程需求可拆分的运作机制.以最小化车辆运输成本和操作成本为目标,建立多配送中心车辆路径问题优化模型.针对模型特性设计改进遗传算法进行求解.最后通过仿真实例验证模型的可行性和算法的有效性, 结果表明,越库配送模式能有效服务城市区域零售门店的及时供货,在配送时间和运输成本方面具有显著优势.     

集货需求可拆分的多越库中心库门分配及车辆路径协同优化

针对集货需求可拆分的多越库中心库门分配及车辆路径协同优化问题,综合考虑多越库中心共同配送、集货需求可拆分、库内操作等因素,以车辆派遣成本、车辆油耗成本、库内叉车固定成本和运输成本以及时间窗惩罚成本之和最小化为目标,建立优化模型.根据问题特征,设计混合遗传算法求解.该算法在交叉变异中引入具有方向性的粒子群寻优,采取进化逆转和保留最优个体策略改善求解质量.通过多组算例验证算法的有效性,并分析配送模式以及车辆类型对配送方案制定的影响.结果表明,所提出模式能有效降低越库中心运营成本.研究成果不仅可以丰富越库配送模式下的车辆路径问题研究,也为多越库中心物流企业合理利用资源制定科学的配送方案提供理论依据.     

考虑随机旅行时间与二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径优化

面向越库配送模式下二维装载和车辆路径联合优化,考虑现实配送过程的不确定性因素,提出考虑随机旅行时间和二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径问题.基于蒙特卡洛模拟与场景分析方法,建立以运输成本、车辆固定成本以及时间窗期望惩罚成本之和最小化为目标的带修正随机规划模型.继而根据问题特征,设计改进的自适应禁忌搜索算法和基于禁忌搜索的多重排序最佳适应装箱算法进行求解.其中,改进的自适应禁忌搜索算法在禁忌搜索算法的基础上引入自适应机制,对不同邻域算子进行动态选择,并提出基于移除-修复策略的多样性机制以增强算法的寻优能力.数值实验表明,所提出的模型与方法能够有效求解考虑随机旅行时间和二维装载约束的越库配送车辆路径问题,自适应与多样性机制能一定程度上增强算法的全局搜索能力.     

基于模糊时间窗的智慧物流越库调度仿真研究

在越库配送中商品和货物到了配送中心后直接可在站台上向客户配送,能够有效降低库存和运输成本,但是对车辆调度效率要求较高。若进出站台的车辆得不到精准排序,会直接影响货物出站时间。为进一步提升越库调度效果,提出基于模糊时间窗的智慧物流越库调度方法。基于物流越库类型的分析结果,结合模糊时间窗制定调度目标函数以及约束条件,构建物流越库调度模型。引入萤火虫算法对调度模型求解,获取模型最佳目标函数值,输出模型调度结果,实现智慧物流的越库调度。实验结果表明,上述方法对物流越库调度模型的求解与最优解的差距最小,且物流调度范围对其影响不大,可在10s之内完成智慧物流的越库调度,应用效率较高。     

协同车辆路径问题的模糊规划模型和算法*

属于不同公司的配送中心共享车队、仓储等资源为客户协同配送货物的协同车辆路径问题是一个热点问题。考虑车辆行驶时间和顾客服务时间的不确定性,建立以车辆配送总费用最小为目标的一类带时间窗协同车辆路径问题模糊规划模型,将其进行清晰化处理使之转换为一类确定性数学模型,采用魏明等人的自适应离散粒子群算法求解该问题。最后通过一个算例得出结论：同普通物流配送情形相比,该模型求解的总配送里程和费用均有效减少,验证了模型的正确性和合理性。     

基于车辆任务可靠性的协同车辆路径问题

研究一类属于不同公司的配送中心共享车队、仓储等资源为客户协同配送货物的协同车辆路径问题,将之视为"部分客户被一车辆访问"的集合划分问题。考虑车辆容量、车辆行驶最大里程、车辆配送任务的可靠性概率、时间窗等约束条件,建立以车辆配送总费用最小为目标的混合整数规划模型,并设计了求解该问题的遗传算法求解该问题。最后,通过一个算例验证了模型的正确性和合理性。     

基于车辆任务可靠性的协同车辆路径问题

研究一类属于不同公司的配送中心共享车队、仓储等资源为客户协同配送货物的协同车辆路径问题, 将之视为“部分客户被一车辆访问”的集合划分问题。考虑车辆容量、车辆行驶最大里程、车辆配送任务的可靠性概率、时间窗等约束条件, 建立以车辆配送总费用最小为目标的混合整数规划模型, 并设计了求解该问题的遗传算法求解该问题。最后, 通过一个算例验证了模型的正确性和合理性。     

多配送中心下生鲜农产品同步取送选址-路径优化

多配送中心下生鲜农产品配送工作中配送中心选址和车辆取送是两项最为重要的工作，故本文研究带同步取送的生鲜农产品选址?路径问题。首先，建立考虑车辆容量、货物作业时间、取送作业时间窗等约束条件的非线性规划模型，模型以各配送区域内产生的运输成本、惩罚费用、货损费用总和最小为目标函数。然后，根据模型特点设计融合中心评估指数和改进遗传算法的启发式算法，算法先利用中心评估指数确定配送中心和车辆的配送区域，将区域划分的信息传递给改进遗传算法进行各区域内的路径优化。最后，通过对比取送分离和同步取送两种配送方式验证本文提出的配送模式及模型是合理有效的，可为企业的生鲜农产品配送提供决策依据。     

农村电商物流下无人机与车辆协同配送路径优化研究

无人机配送正在成为解决物流末端配送难题的重要手段。无人机与车辆协同配送模式克服了无人机配送能力不足、安全性不高的弊端，是无人机参与配送的重要途径之一。针对农村电商物流“最后一公里”配送难、配送贵问题，考虑无人机与车辆协同方式、多无人机多包裹配送等约束，以配送成本最小化为目标构建混合整数规划模型并提出一种两阶段算法对无人机与车辆协同配送路径优化问题进行求解。第一阶段通过带约束的自适应K-means算法确定车辆停靠点范围，第二阶段设计爬山算子与分裂算子改进遗传算法，求得无人机与车辆配送路径。最后，通过算例实验验证了模型和算法的可行性与有效性。研究成果有望为农村电商物流末端配送降本增效提供新思路和参考价值。     

生鲜农产品冷链物流低碳配送路径优化研究

综合考虑配送车辆的固定成本、运输成本、生鲜农产品的货损成本、制冷成本、配送过程中产生的碳排放成本，以及因未满足客户要求的服务时间窗而产生的惩罚成本作为目标函数，构建考虑碳排放的生鲜农产品配送路径优化模型，提出了解决该问题的一种结合2-opt局部搜索机制的改进蚁群算法，并用实例对模型及算法的有效性进行验证，同时对算法参数进行了敏感性分析。仿真实验及算法对比结果证明模型和算法是有效的，可以为物流企业的配送决策提供参考。     

A novel learning based approach for a new integrated location-routing and scheduling problem within cross-docking considering direct shipment

One of the most important problem in supply chain management is the design of distribution systems which can reduce the transportation costs and meet the customer's demand at the minimum time. In recent years, cross-docking (CD) centers have been considered as the place that reduces the transportation and inventory costs. Meanwhile, neglecting the optimum location of the centers and the optimum routing and scheduling of the vehicles mislead the optimization process to local optima. Accordingly, in this research, the integrated vehicle routing and scheduling problem in cross-docking systems is modeled. In this new model, the direct shipment from the manufacturers to the customers is also included. Besides, the vehicles are assigned to the cross-dock doors with lower cost. Next, to solve the model, a novel machine-learning-based heuristic method (MLBM) is developed, in which the customers, manufacturers and locations of the cross-docking centers are grouped through a bi-clustering approach. In fact, the MLBM is a filter based learning method that has three stages including customer clustering through a modified bi-clustering method, sub-problems’ modeling and solving the whole model. In addition, for solving the scheduling problem of vehicles in cross-docking system, this paper proposes exact solution as well as genetic algorithm (GA). GA is also adapted for large-scale problems in which exact methods are not efficient. Furthermore, the parameters of the proposed GA are tuned via the Taguchi method. Finally, for validating the proposed model, several benchmark problems from literature are selected and modified according to new introduced assumptions in the base models. Different statistical analysis methods are implemented to assess the performance of the proposed algorithms.     

基于改进遗传算法的连锁便利店配送路径优化

提出一种针对软时间窗下连锁便利店配送路径规划的带时间窗口的多染色体遗传算法。为解决单车场多车型带密集半软时间窗问题,讨论解决方案预防其陷入局部最优解。对于上述配送路径问题,提出多染色体改进遗传算法在减少车辆运输成本、惩罚成本的目标下进行最优路径求解,并为连锁便利店的路径规划案例提出车辆与路径选择的优化方案,最后将该算法与传统遗传算法进行实验对比分析。实验结果表明,本文算法在密集半软时间窗下,相比传统遗传算法明显减少了总配送成本,从而验证了本文算法的有效性。     

Ant colony optimization algorithm to solve for the transportation problem of cross-docking network

This paper addresses the transportation problem of cross-docking network where the loads are transferred from origins (suppliers) to destinations (retailers) through cross-docking facilities, without storing them in a distribution center (DC). We work on minimizing the transportation cost in a network by loading trucks in the supplier locations and then route them either directly to the customers or indirectly to cross-docking facilities so the loads can be consolidated. For generating a truck operating plan in this type of distribution network, the problem was formulated using an integer programming (IP) model and solved using a novel ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. We solved several numerical examples for verification and demonstrative purposes and found that our proposed approach finds solutions that significantly reduce the shipping cost in the network of cross-docks and considerably outperform Branch-and-Bound algorithm especially for large problems.     

Vehicle routing scheduling for cross-docking in the supply chain

One of the most important factors in implementing supply chain management is to efficiently control the physical flow of the supply chain. Due to its importance, many companies are trying to develop efficient methods to increase customer satisfaction and reduce costs. In various methods, cross-docking is considered a good method to reduce inventory and improve responsiveness to various customer demands. However, previous studies have dealt mostly with the conceptual advantages of cross-docking or actual issues from the strategic viewpoint. It is also necessary, however, to considering cross-docking from an operational viewpoint in order to find the optimal vehicle routing schedule. Thus, an integrated model considering both cross-docking and vehicle routing scheduling is treated in this study. Since this problem is known as NP-hard, a heuristic algorithm based on a tabu search algorithm is proposed. In the numerical example, our proposed algorithm found a good solution whose average percentage error was less than 5% within a reasonable amount of time.     

An integrated supply chain network design problem for bidirectional flows

Coordination among supply chains has elicited considerable attention in both academia and industry. This paper investigates an integrated supply chain network design problem that involves the determination of the locations for distribution centers and the assignment of customers and suppliers to the corresponding distribution centers. The problem simultaneously involves the distribution of products from the manufacturer to the customers and the collection of components from the suppliers to the manufacturer via cross-docking at distribution centers. The co-location of different types of distribution centers and coordinated transportation are introduced to achieve cost savings. A Lagrangian relaxation-based algorithm is then developed. Extensive computational experiments show that the proposed algorithm has stable performance and outperforms CPLEX for large-scale problems. An industrial case study is considered and sensitivity analysis is conducted to explore managerial insights. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and future research directions are outlined.     

A hybrid simulated annealing algorithm for location and routing scheduling problems with cross-docking in the supply chain

The location and routing scheduling problems with cross-docking can be regarded as new research directions for distribution networks in the supply chain. The aims of these problems are to concurrently design a cross-docking center location and a vehicle routing scheduling model, known as NP-hard problems. This paper presents a two-stage mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for the location of cross-docking centers and vehicle routing scheduling problems with cross-docking due to potential applications in the distribution networks. Then, a new algorithm based on a two-stage hybrid simulated annealing (HSA) with a tabu list taken from tabu search (TS) is proposed to solve the presented model. This proposed HSA not only prevents revisiting the solution but also maintains the stochastic nature. Finally, small and large-scale test problems are randomly generated and solved by the HSA algorithm. The computational results for different problems show that the proposed HSA performs well and converges fast to reasonable solutions.     

两层物资配送中心车辆调度问题研究

在分析物流配送物资问题的基础上,提出一种基于两层物流配送中心的物资配送方法。供应方在配送物资时需经过两层配送中心到达需求方,否则将予以惩罚。在建立供应方、两层物流配送中心及需求方四层物流网络模型的基础上,采用Dijkstra算法求出从各供应点到各需求点的最短运输距离并将其转化在供需平衡表中,采用表上作业法和节约里程法相结合的算法求解四层物流网络模型。结合算例计算验证,该算法在保证运输总费用最少的同时可有效地减少配送过程中车辆调度的次数。