Fe-Si-B非晶合金去除水中Pb(Ⅱ)的性能及机理研究

采用单辊甩带法成功制备了Fe-Si-B非晶合金条带(Fe-Si-BAR),研究其对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的去除性能及机理,并与48 μm铁粉(FeCP)进行对比。结果表明,相同试验条件下,Fe-Si-BAR去除水中Pb(Ⅱ)的表面积约化反应速率常数是FeCP的87倍。分析表明,Fe-Si-BAR优异的去除性能得益于非晶合金独特的原子结构及Si和B的添加。处于亚稳态的零价铁具有更大的反应活性,且无序的原子排列方式增加了非晶条带表面的反应活性位点。Si和B的添加使产物层容易失去支撑而从条带表面脱落,使得内层零价铁以效率更高的还原去除方式固定Pb(Ⅱ)。     

Fe-Si-B非晶合金制备过程中的水口结瘤分析

利用扫描电镜和能谱仪对采用不同坩埚制备Fe-Si-B非晶合金薄带过程中的水口结瘤物进行了物相分析,研究了水口结瘤物的来源及形成机制.通过热力学计算,验证了钢液中Al、Si氧化物夹杂产生的必然性.结果表明:水口结瘤中的物相主要有Al、Si、Mg的氧化物,以及少量Na、Fe、B等元素的氧化物.结瘤物中存在的MgO来源于坩埚材料,可通过选择适当的坩埚材质来避免.     

Fe-Si-B非晶带材高温氧化行为及回收工艺

??In order to reduce the oxidative burning loss of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon in the recovery process?? the oxidation behavior of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon was studied. The results show that the oxidation of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon at high temperature is related to the heating rate. The oxidation weight gain of Fe78Si9B13 amorphous ribbon at 5 and 10K/min from room temperature to 1223K are 44% and 31% respectively. There is an oxide layer with loose texture and a small amount of microcrack at the interface between the sample and atmosphere by SEM. The oxide layer contains a large amount of Fe2O3 and a little SiO2 by XRD. Oxidation kinetics curve shows that the oxidation weight gain of the samples follows a linear rule within 5hours at 1073 and 1173K?? then a parabolic rule. At 1273K?? however?? it only follows a linear rule?? meanwhile the oxidation speed is very fast?? with the oxidation weight gain reaches 40% in 12min. The oxidation weight gain in the amorphous ribbon recycling process can be reduced through cutting down the furnace gas temperature?? compressing the waste ribbon and unqualified products in the packaging process and blowing argon to reduce the partial pressure of oxygen in the furnace. Thus the slag decreases to 9-10g when 1kg waste ribbon is recovered?? and the Si content of liquid alloy increases to 8. 9%.     

非晶合金的制备

综述了制备非晶的各种方法,介绍了大块非晶的制备途径,对一些方法特点进行了讨论,并对它们进行了初步对比.     

退火处理对FeCo纳米粒子吸波性能的影响

用KBH4作为还原剂,采用化学还原法制备FeCo纳米粒子,然后在400~600℃下退火。利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、X射线光电子能谱仪和振动样品磁强计对FeCo纳米粒子进行表征,用网络矢量分析仪测定其电磁参数,并分析FeCo的吸波性能,研究退火温度对FeCo纳米粒子吸波性能的影响。结果表明,化学还原法制备的FeCo纳米粒子,在厚度为5 mm时对频率为2.24 GHz电磁波的反射损耗最大,为-14.9 dB,损耗机制以介电损耗为主。随退火温度从400℃升高到600℃,FeCo纳米粒子的介电损耗逐渐减小而磁损耗逐渐增大,在400℃退火后的FeCo粒子具有最优的电磁匹配特性和最高的反射损耗,在厚度为3.55 mm时对4.48 GHz电磁波的反射损耗为-49.14 dB。     

非晶合金的性能与应用

非晶合金是利用快速凝固技术制备的一种新型金属材料,特殊的微观结构使非晶合金具有优良的性能.文章简要叙述了非晶合金在力学、电学、磁学性能、电化学等方面的性能,并介绍了非晶合金在变压器、高温材料、防腐材料、医学、航空航天以及军事等领域中的应用.介绍了我国近几年在非晶合金领域取得的研究成果,并对非晶合金的发展进行了展望.     

新型三元合金Nd(Y)-Fe-B吸波材料的制备及其性能研究

通过真空熔炼、行星球磨和适当退火处理后制得一种新型吸波材料NdxYFe92.56-xB6.5(x=4,5,6,7).对其性能进行测试后表明,退火前后各样品对微波的吸收量在所测频率范围内整体较高波动较小,其中,未退火处理的样品在频率为12.41GHz处最大吸收量达38.084dB,在下退火15min后样品吸波性有显著提高,在频率为12.04GHz处最大吸收量达94.573dB.     

热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层性能的研究进展

首先介绍了非晶合金的理论基础,然后从耐磨性和耐蚀性两个方面入手,详细地阐述了国内外对于热喷涂非晶合金涂层性能研究进展情况,并系统地总结了非金合金涂层在耐磨性和耐蚀性上的本质联系和根本矛盾,最后指出热喷涂非晶合金涂层性能研究上的局限性,提出三点问题:对于非晶合金基础理论的研究还处在起步阶段、热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层的合金体系种类少、制备非晶合金涂层的热喷涂技术有待开发,并针对以上三点问题提出热喷涂制备非晶合金涂层性能研究的未来发展方向。      

非晶态纳米Co-Si-B合金粉末的制备及性能研究

用NaBH4化学还原CoCl2·6H2O和NaSiF6的混合水溶液,首次成功地制备出了非晶态Co-Si-B三元纳米合金粉末.通过电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等方法分析了样品的成分、结构和磁性能.结果发现,所制备的粉末为非晶态半硬磁合金,颗粒呈球形,粒径在20～50nm之间.该非晶粉末的晶化是通过三个放热反应完成的,DSC曲线上没有明显的玻璃化转变,也不存在过冷液相区.     

合金Co-Zr-B纳米粉末的相组成及磁性能研究

将硼氢化钠(NaBH4)的水溶液加入到氯化钴(CoCl2·6H2O)和硫酸锆(Zr(SO4)2·4H2O)的混合水溶液中,利用BH-4把混合溶液中的CO2 和Zr4 同时还原出来,首次成功制备出非晶态Co-Zr-B三元纳米合金粉末.用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP)、X射线衍射(XRD)、选区电子衍射(SAED)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、差示扫描量热法(DSC)以及振动样品磁强计(VSM)分析了样品的成分、结构和磁性能.发现所制备的不同成分的粉末颗粒呈球形,粒径在20～60nm之间.纳米粉末由非晶相基体和少量晶体相杂质组成,而非晶相基体又由Zr基非晶颗粒和含有Zr的Co基非晶颗粒构成.还原产物中的Co原子和Zr原子的分数之比与金属盐混合溶液中的Co2 与Zr4 离子的分数之比几乎相等.提高NaBH4溶液的加入速度,可增加产物中B元素的含量.样品的晶化温度在765.1～771.3K之间,样品的热稳定性随Zr含量的增加而增加,样品的磁性能也与样品中Co、Zr原子的含量之比有关.当原子数x(Co)/x(Zr)比值从1.94增加到5.14时,饱和磁化强度从4.76emu/g增加到8.87emu/g,矫顽力在1271.66A/m(15.98Oe)到2133.49A/m(26.81Oe)之间不规则变化.     

Investigation of Fe－Ni－B and Fe－Cr－B Ultrafine AmorphousAlloy Powders Prepared by Chemical Reduction

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铁基非晶合金铁硅硼中硅和硼的测定

以相似材质硼铁和硅钢的化学分析方法为基础,建立了氟硅酸钾沉淀滴定法测定铁基非晶合金铁硅硼中硅、酸溶中和滴定法测定铁基非晶合金铁硼硅中硼的方法。硼的测定在酸溶样方法方面进行了改进,即酸不溶的白色絮状物经过滤分离用碱溶液溶解后,与滤液进行合并。硅的测定也将文献方法进行了一些改进,如减少了氢氟酸的用量并直接加入硝酸钾固体促进氟硅酸钾沉淀完全。本方法与传统方法硅和硼的检测结果相符,且重复性较好。     

电沉积Ni-La-P非晶态合金电极电解还原葡萄糖

用电沉积法制备Ni-La-P合金。XRD衍射证明此合金为非晶态结构。以此为阴极电解还原葡萄糖,结果表明Ni-La-P非晶态合金具有高的电催化活性。当温度为30℃,电流为0.4A,电解90min,葡萄糖转化率达82.41%,电流效率达91.3%。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Al89Gd7Ni3Fe Alloy Extruded from Its Amorphous Powders

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Als9 GdTNi3Fe alloy extruded from its amorphous powder were investigated at different temperatures. Devitrification process of amorphous phase was also analyzed. As a result, the microstructure of the extruded alloy consists of fee α-Al, binary intermetallic Al3Gd and ternary intermetallic r l phase. The grain size of α-Al is fine. The intermetallic Al3Gd exists as equiaxed particle and τ1 phase appears rod like.     

Thermal Expansion Behavior of Amorphous Fe-Si-B Alloys

 To study the thermal expansion of amorphous Fe Si B alloys, the amorphous Fe78Si9B13 and Fe735Nb3 Cu1Si135B9 and their crystallized alloys were detected using thermal dilatometer. The results indicate that at the same temperature, the relative length change (ΔL/L0) values of the two Fe based amorphous alloys decrease with increasing heating rate, but those of their crystallized alloys show an opposite trend. It is concluded that the effect of heating rate on the ΔL/L0 of amorphous and crystallized alloys is related to free volume and defects, respectively.     

新型钴基非晶态合金屏蔽材料的磁性研究

研究了不同退火条件下，新型屏蔽材料钴基非晶态合金Co66Fe4Ni1Si15B14的磁阻抗比（MIR）和磁导率比（PR）。采用了两步冷却法（F＆W），通过协同降低内热应力和磁有序，提高了样品的初始磁导率。研究结果表明，F＆W法试样的初始磁导率（μi）比单独用熔炉冷却法（FC）和水淬火法（WQ）分别提高了50％和100％。通过测量试样的MIR和PR，研究了试样软磁性的退火效应，3．1MHz下FC法试样和WQ法试样在420℃退火温度下具有比F＆W法更优越的软磁性。     

等离子喷涂FeCrMoSnPBSiC非晶合金涂层的结构和性能

 将软磁非晶合金FeCrMoSnPBSiC粉末作为喷涂材料,用大气等离子喷涂法在Q235钢板表面制备非晶态合金涂层。结果表明,该非晶态合金涂层组织致密均匀,具有较高的硬度,平均显微硬度为HV01 644,涂层与基材结合强度超过25 MPa,而且涂层具有较高的热稳定性和较好的耐腐蚀性能,起始晶化温度约516 ℃,在5%NaCl溶液中具有钝化作用。     

Effects of Heavy Rare Earth Elements on Properties ofAmorphous NiB Alloy Catalyst

Gas-phase hydrogenation of benzene was selected as probe reaction to study the effects of heavy rare earth ele-ments on the catalytic activity and sulfur resistance of amorphous NiB alloy. XRD, DSC, CO chemical adsorption, TPR and TPD were used to characterize the bulk and the surface properties of the alloys, respectively. The results indicate that the addition of a small amount of heavy rare earth (HRE) elements obviously improves the activity, thermal stability and sulfur resistance of amorphous NiB alloy. The HRE can alter H2 adsorption bond strength, increase the surface area of ac-tive nickel and the number of active centers over the surface of NiB alloy and it also can decrease the activation energy of NiB alloy for benzene hydrogenation. There are four kinds of adsorbing sites over the surface of NiB and NiBRE, only three kinds of them have concerned with the reaction.     

Zr_(55)Al_(10)Ni_5Cu_(30)非晶态合金的制备与性能研究

采用石墨坩埚浇铸法在真空中频感应熔炼炉中制备Zr55Al10Ni5Cu30合金,并对合金进行了金相、X射线衍射和显微硬度的测试,考察原料纯度、过热度及冷却速率对非晶态合金性能的影响。结果表明,采用工业级原料就可以制备出性能良好的非晶态合金,在低的冷却速率下形成的非晶态合金具有相对较高的硬度,适当提高过热度可以减少微晶的形成。