混合动力船舶超级电容制动能量回馈装置

针对混合动力船舶采用制动电阻吸收制动能量不可避免造成能量浪费的问题,借鉴直流推进系统,采用超级电容储能装置作为能量回馈装置,研究混合动力船舶在典型工况下的制动过程,并对超级电容在制动过程中的控制方法、控制效果进行分析.结果 表明:与制动电阻相比,超级电容制动能量回馈装置不仅能够提升直流母线电压的稳定性,还能有效吸收和储...     

列车制动能量回馈及仿真研究

研究了列车制动能量回馈电网的原理、功率拓扑结构、数学模型和控制算法.通过理论分析,采用Matlab仿真工具,建立了采用电流滞环SPWM控制的三电平拓扑实现列车制动能量回馈电网的数学模型和仿真模型.列车制动能量回馈电网的仿真试验表明,该系统不仅可使能量双向流动,且能有效抑制注入电网的谐波,其电能质量指标能符合相关并网标准,可考虑并网消纳回馈功率.     

混合动力再生制动控制策略的研究

介绍了混合动力汽车的分类,比较了串联及并联混合系统的控制策略,分析了三种制动方式及其对能量回馈的影响。结果表明,最优能量回收策略回收的制动能量最多;平行制动结构相对简单,且可以回收较多的制动能量,目前得到广泛应用。     

电动汽车整车控制器控制策略研究综述

通过对电动汽车控制器驱动控制策略、制动及滑行能量回馈策略研究现状的分析,将驱动控制策略归纳为双参数控制和多参数控制两类,将能量回馈策略归纳为最佳制动效果控制、最佳制动能量回馈控制、理想制动力分配控制三类。结合电动汽车的实际要求对各控制策略的优缺点进行简要分析,总结控制策略在验证方面的不足,指出整车控制器控制策略发展趋势。     

车用柴油串联式混合动力系统经济性试验研究

为评估柴油串联式混合动力客车动力系统的性能,特别是燃油经济性,建立了串联式混合动力系统测试平台.在详细描述串联式混合动力系统能量管理策略和辅助动力单元(APU)控制的基础上,通过中国城区公交道路循环测试,对影响串联式混合动力系统燃油经济性的几个要素进行了分析.研究结果表明:在既定能量管理策略的基础上,制动能量回馈、电驱动子附件功率和发动机怠速是影响燃油经济性的三个显著因素.     

基于内燃调车机车的空-电混合制动应用研究

针对内燃调车机车制动系统应用现状,开发的空-电混合制动系统不同于动车组和城轨车辆的混合制动,HXN6型机车的试验及运用考核结果表明具有动力制动优先、空气制动自动补充的调车机车空-电混合制动系统方便了司机操作,实现了能量回收,降低了机车的维护保养、运用成本,发挥了动力制动节能、环保的优势.     

混合动力摩托车制动能量回收系统的研究

能源与环保现已成为社会发展的主题,电动和混合动力摩托车已经成为当今摩托车发展的重要方向。而制动能量回收技术在电动车辆上的合理运用,能够对其节能和减排起到积极推动作用。本文介绍了混合动力摩托车制动能量回收控制系统。通过试验分析,该系统在混合动力摩托车的节能减排方面起到了一定的效果。     

并联混合动力集成式多能源电控管理系统开发

介绍了基于超级电容的单轴并联混合动力轿车结构,开发了混合动力集成式多能源控制器,实现了发动机和混合动力整车控制器的硬件和软件集成化.从电控单元的硬件和软件方面进行分析,采用摩托罗拉16位单片机MC9S12DP256开发出了集成式电控单元,利用其丰富的传感器信号处理、执行器信号驱动以及CAN总线通讯功能,实现了对发动机、整车以及超级电容的信号采集和驱动功能.根据混合动力整车制定的控制策略,对混合动力整车的起/停工况、怠速充电工况、加速助力工况以及混合动力制动能量回收的控制策略进行详细的阐述.在混合动力总成台架和整车试验平台上,对混合动力各个功能模块的控制策略进行试验调试验证,使混合动力整车获得很好的动力性、经济性和排放性.     

基于CAN总线的混合动力系统与计算机通讯的研究

介绍了CAN总线与RS-232之间的转换方法，实现了CAN总线通讯终端，解决了计算机对混合动力系统中电控单元进行实时监控时的通讯问题。     

基于飞轮储能的牵引变电所能量回收和电能质量综合治理系统的设计北大核心CSCD

电气化铁路属于具有鲜明特点的大宗工业用户,如牵引负荷波动剧烈、负序电流较大、再生制动能量回馈电网等等。负序电流会造成局部金属件温升增高,甚至会导致变压器烧毁,还会使用电设备寿命缩短,加速设备部件更换频率,增加设备维护的成本。再生制动能量回馈电网会加剧两个供电臂负荷不平衡程度,使负序电流的影响更加严重,同时回馈到电网的能量部分不能被牵引供电系统所利用、造成能源的浪费。本工作研究了基于飞轮储能的牵引变电所能量回收和电能质量综合治理系统,在每个供电臂上安装变压器,飞轮储能装置通过变流器、变压器与馈线连接。飞轮储能系统可以有效降低两部制电价中基本电费的收取;同时飞轮储能装置作为储能体具备存储和释放电能的双重功能,可有效吸收再利用机车制动时产生的再生电能,减少电度电费支出;飞轮储能系统还可治理以负序为主的电能质量问题,较传统的电能质量治理方式产生了经济效益,解决了电能质量治理没有经济效益的难题。     

CAN总线技术在贮煤筒仓安全监测系统中的应用

本文给出了一种基于CAN总线的贮煤筒仓安全监测系统的设计与应用，介绍了CAN总线系统的基本工作原理，并对系统的整体结构、硬件配置、软件功能及各节点功能分别作了说明。实验表明，该系统具有结构简单、可靠性高、安全性好、性能价格比高等特点，对实现目前火电厂贮煤筒仓安全监测系统本质安全化运行有一定的参考意义。     

An optimal method of the energy consumption for fuel cell hybrid tram

Energy conservation running for vehicle has been a promising research hotspot in the many universities and research institutions. In order to improve the energy utilization rate in the vehicle running process, an optimization method of the energy consumption and recycle based on fuel cell (FC)/supercapacitor (SC) hybrid tram is proposed in this paper. In the method, a tram operation energy management strategy based on Pontriagin's minimum principle (PMP) can effectively was proposed what adjusts the output power of FC and SC and decreases hydrogen consumption. In addition, a tram breaking velocity curve with maximum energy recovery and the allocation strategy between regenerative force and mechanical braking force be also studied in this paper. According to the simulation results, it could be obtained that the Energy conservation rate is about 5% higher than the un-optimized, it will effectively decrease hydrogen consumption.     

Sizing optimization,dynamic modeling and energy management strategies of a stand-alone PV/hydrogen/battery-based hybrid system

This paper presents a sizing method and different control strategies for the suitable energy management of a stand-alone hybrid system based on photovoltaic (PV) solar panels, hydrogen subsystem and battery. The battery and hydrogen subsystem, which is composed of fuel cell (FC), electrolyzer and hydrogen storage tank, act as energy storage and support system. In order to efficiently utilize the energy sources integrated in the hybrid system, an appropriate sizing is necessary. In this paper, a new sizing method based on Simulink Design Optimization (SDO) of MATLAB was used to perform a technical optimization of the hybrid system components. An analysis cost has been also performed, in that the configuration under study has been compared with those integrating only batteries and only hydrogen system. The dynamic model of the designed hybrid system is detailed in this paper. The models, implemented in MATLAB-Simulink environment, have been designed from commercially available components. Three control strategies based on operating modes and combining technical-economic aspects are considered for the energy management of the hybrid system. They have been designed, primarily, to satisfy the load power demand and, secondarily, to maintain a certain level at the hydrogen tank (hydrogen energy reserve), and at the state of charge (SOC) of the battery bank to extend its life, taking into account also technical-economic analysis. Dynamic simulations were performed to evaluate the configuration, sizing and control strategies for the energy management of the hybrid system under study in this work. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid system with the presented controls is able to provide the energy demanded by the loads, while maintaining a certain energy reserve in the storage sources.     

Energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic for a fuel cell hybrid bus

Fuel cell vehicles, as a substitute for internal-combustion-engine vehicles, have become a research hotspot for most automobile manufacturers all over the world. Fuel cell systems have disadvantages, such as high cost, slow response and no regenerative energy recovery during braking; hybridization can be a solution to these drawbacks. This paper presents a fuel cell hybrid bus which is equipped with a fuel cell system and two energy storage devices, i.e., a battery and an ultracapacitor. An energy management strategy based on fuzzy logic, which is employed to control the power flow of the vehicular power train, is described. This strategy is capable of determining the desired output power of the fuel cell system, battery and ultracapacitor according to the propulsion power and recuperated braking power. Some tests to verify the strategy were developed, and the results of the tests show the effectiveness of the proposed energy management strategy and the good performance of the fuel cell hybrid bus.     

Development of solid oxide fuel cell and battery hybrid power generation system

Solid oxide fuel cell hybrid generation system is the best scheme for the load tracking of off-grid monitoring stations. But there are still potential problems that need to be addressed: preventing fuel starvation and ensuring thermal safety while meeting load tracking in hybrid power generation system. In order to solve these problems, a feasible hybrid power generation system structure scheme is proposed which combined SOFC subsystem and Li-ion battery subsystem. Then a model of the hybrid power generation system is built based on the proposed system structure. On this basis, an adaptive controller, include the adaptive energy management algorithm and current feedforward gas supply strategy, is applied to manage the power-sharing in this hybrid system as well as keep the system operating within the safety constraints. The constraints, including maintaining the bus voltage at the desired level, keeping SOFC operating temperature in safety, and mitigating fuel starvation are explicitly considered. The stability of the proposed energy management algorithm is analyzed. Finally, the developed control algorithm is applied to the hybrid power generation system model, the operation result proves the feasibility of the designed controller strategy for hybrid generation system and effectively prevent fuel starvation and ensure thermal safety.     

Experimental investigation of supercapacitor based regenerative energy storage for a fuel cell vehicle equipped with an alternator

Recently, researchers have devoted more attention to supercapacitors (SCs) to integrate with batteries in energy storage systems (ESSs) for vehicle applications. In this study, we attempted to characterize the use of SCs in the ESS for a PEM fuel cell vehicle equipped with an alternator to maximize the performance of regenerative braking. We applied lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and SCs as energy storage devices to examine their effect on ESS. Then we used a hysteresis brake to apply controllable braking force on the flywheel to form hybrid braking (HB) and made efforts to study its behavior to suggest a braking control strategy. We also ran the whole system over the rotational speed to cover the range of driving speed. At last, we sized the SCs for the most commonly used fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) in Korea, i.e., Hyundai NEXO, based on the results obtained from the above study by alternator efficiencies.     

Electric buses – An energy efficient urban transportation means

Bus transit systems with electric traction are an important contribution to the post fossil fuel mobility. Most renewable energy sources provide energy in the form of electricity. Electric motors thus have promise in the development of the way “beyond oil”. The reactivation of trolley bus systems – grid bounded but also catenary free for short distances – paves this way. The design of modern trolley bus operations overcomes the existing disadvantages of conventional buses using fossil fuel. Germany has an efficient industry in this field, that offers braking energy recuperation and energy storage in modern supercapacitors as well as technical and organisational innovations for a local emission free and a low noise transit system. Gentle but powerful when starting and braking, the trolley bus is cost effective and easy to integrate into an existing infrastructure. Such an electric bus system is ecological, customer-friendly and suitable for cities. It has a high economic efficiency and it also expands the traffic planning field towards an ecological future technology. This paper shows examples at home and abroad how electric buses achieve an energy solving modern urban traffic. It gives insights into technical developments of electric vehicle equipment, cateneries with fast driving handling characteristics and the use of plain electric and hybrid powertrains.     

Viability study of a FC-battery-SC tramway controlled by equivalent consumption minimization strategy

This paper evaluates the option of using a new powertrain based on fuel cell (FC), battery and supercapacitor (SC) for the Urbos 3 tramway in Zaragoza, Spain. In the proposed powertrain configuration, a hydrogen Proton-Exchange-Membrane (PEM) FC acts as main energy source, and a Li-ion battery and a SC as energy support and storage systems. The battery supports the FC during the starting and accelerations, and furthermore, it absorbs the power generated during the regenerative braking. Otherwise, the SC, which presents the fastest dynamic response, acts mainly during power peaks, which are beyond the operating range of the FC and battery. The FC, battery and SC use a DC/DC converter to connect each energy source to the DC bus and to control the energy exchange. This configuration would allow the tramway to operate in an autonomous way without grid connection. The components of the hybrid tramway, selected from commercially available devices have been modeled in MATLAB-Simulink. The energy management system used for controlling the components of the new hybrid system allows optimizing the fuel consumption (hydrogen) by applying an equivalent consumption minimization strategy. This control system is evaluated by simulations for the real driving cycle of the tramway. The results show that the proposed control system is valid for its application to this hybrid system.     

基于CAN总线的电控发动机标定系统的开发

基于CAN总线的电控发动机标定系统包括电控单元、通信模块和标定平台软件三个部分。电控单元的CPU采用32位单片机PowerPC 563，内部采用CAN总线通信。自行设计的通信模块实现了CAN协议与USB协议的转换，完成ECU与PC机之间的数据传递。用Visual C＋＋6．0设计的标定软件平台，界面清晰简洁，操作方便。该系统已经应用到一种高压共轨柴油机燃油喷射系统的开发，成功实现了数据通信、参数显示、MAP生成、文档管理等功能，加快了开发进程。