基于环境激励的塔器模态参数识别研究

塔器的模态参数是影响设备动力学特性的重要指标,如何准确方便地获取塔器的模态参数是亟待解决的问题。首次将环境激励法用于塔器的参数识别,通过结合随机减量技术,从塔器的加速度响应信号中提取了模态参数。模拟计算与现场测试结果表明本文的方法易实施、精度高,具有工程应用价值。此方法可为今后塔器模态参数的测量和识别提供参考。     

随机减量法在工作模态参数识别中的应用研究

实际工程应用中施加于结构的激励及其响应信号难以测量,不能用传统的识别方法提取结构的模态参数。研究了运用随机减量法从易得的结构的随机响应中提取某种自由响应信号,然后利用小波变换识别模态参数。实验通过对悬臂梁的模态参数识别,结果表明随机减量法在模态参数识别过程中的适用性及用该方法获取的模态参数具有很高的精度。     

基于多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的时变系统模态参数识别

在多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解的基础上,提出一种时变系统的模态参数识别方法。该方法先采用多尺度线调频基稀疏信号分解方法对多自由度线性时变振动系统响应信号进行分解,将其分解成多个单模态振动响应信号并得到单模态振动响应信号的瞬时频率;再根据单模态振动响应信号的包络和瞬时频率识别系统的模态频率与模态阻尼比。多自由度线性时变振动系统模态参数的识别算例表明,与经验模态分解等时频分析方法比较,该方法能有效克服系统振动响应信号分解时的模态混淆问题,识别精度高,抗噪性能好,是一种有较大工程应用前景的多自由度线性时变振动系统模态参数识别方法。     

模态参数识别的时域新方法及其应用

提出了一种用于非同步采样的模态参数识别的时域新方法。该法克服了工程中常用的ＩＴＤ模态参数识别法要求对各测点的自由响应信号同步采样,即多测点时,需要多个Ａ／Ｄ变换器的缺陷。本法只需一个Ａ／Ｄ变换器,即可对测得的多个信号进行循环采样,得到一个时间序列,经济、简便。本文经理论推导,给出模态参数识别计算式,通过计算机仿真验证其正确性,并用于水轮发电机组主要部件的参数识别,得到的结果与频域法识别得到模态参数是一致的。     

基于改进MCSSD的时变系统模态参数识别

对于参数时变的多自由度系统,基于多尺度线性调频原子稀疏信号分解及多项式相位信号参数估计理论,提出一种时变系统的模态参数识别方法。该方法先对多自由度时变振动系统响应信号划分二进制动态时间支撑区并形成多尺度线性调频原子库,再按时间支撑区顺序提取节点频率,最后根据单模态响应信号的包络和瞬时频率估计值识别系统的模态频率。刚度和阻尼线性变化与周期变化2种情况下的参数识别仿真算例表明,所提出的方法具有较高的识别精度和重要的工程应用前景。     

基于Laplace小波相关滤波的结构模态参数精确识别方法

为了从结构脉冲响应信号中精确识别结构模态参数,提出一种基于Laplace小波相关滤波的结构模态参数精确识别方法。首先对结构的脉冲响应信号进行经验模式分解,将结构多阶模态响应信号分解为与各单阶模态响应信号一一对应的分量,再对这些分量分别进行Laplace小波相关滤波便可准确识别结构的各阶模态参数。仿真信号的计算结果表明该方法可以得到精确的阻尼固有频率,并能准确地锁定阻尼比。悬臂梁力锤激励试验结果表明该方法在实际结构的模态参数识别中也非常有效。     

基于ARMAV模型的结构参数辨识

根据激振信号{ft}和响应信号{xt}建立二维时序模型ARMAV(n,m,2),利用时序模型参数与模态参数的对应关系对结构进行模态参数辨识,识别出所有的模态参数,并根据时序模型参数进行功率谱估计。通过对电子机柜横梁的激振实验,表明用该种方法对结构参数的识别结果与理论值很吻合,可以在工程实际中对整个电子机柜结构进行参数识别,并可以得出功率谱图。     

利用小波去噪和HHT的模态参数识别

提出了基于小波去噪和HHT的模态参数识别方法,以改善模态参数识别的精度.该方法先利用小波进行信号去噪,克服噪声对EMD分解的影响,以减少EMD分解过程的计算量和分解层数,对去噪后的信号进行EMD分解提取单模态的自由响应,然后利用自由响应的Hilberr变换识别模态固有频率和阻尼比.利用该方法对某振动台简支梁系统进行了模态参数识别,结果表明在噪声干扰下,该方法识别模态参数的精度较高,特别是阻尼比识别精度高.     

基于相关函数和小波分析的运行模态参数识别方法

为解决传统的基于脉冲响应的模态参数识别问题,根据响应信号间的相关函数与脉冲响应函数具有相似的数学表达式,以Morlet小波作为基函数,对响应信号的互相关函数进行连续小波变换,由小波系数与模态参数的关系识别出结构的模态参数.用GARTEUR飞机模型数值仿真和3层框架结构进行实验,结果证明了该方法的有效性.     

基于DIC与NExT-ITD的结构运行模态测试新方法

传统的结构运行模态测试采用接触式测量并在频域进行模态参数识别,存在测量不便捷、计算繁复等问题。针对此问题,本文提出了基于数字图像相关方法与自然激励技术-Ibrahim时域法相结合的模态测试新方法。运用工业相机获取结构在环境激励下的散斑图像,通过数字图像相关方法计算结构的平稳响应信号,然后根据自然激励技术-Ibrahim时域法,以互相关函数代替脉冲响应函数,构造响应矩阵并建立数学模型,计算结构的模态参数。以某简支梁模型为例进行数值模拟和试验测试,结果表明,该方法可由结构的散斑图像直接识别模态参数,识别精度高,抗噪能力强。该方法实现了非接触式测试,尤其适用于高温高压等工程环境;在时域内进行参数识别,避免了繁复的频域分析,简化了计算。     

Modal parameter identification of stay cables from output-only measurements

Stay cables are one of the most critical structural components in modern cable-stayed bridges and the cable tension plays an important role in the construction, control and monitoring of cable-stayed bridges. We propose a time domain and a time-frequency domain approaches for modal parameter identification of stay cables using output-only measurements. The time domain approach uses the subspace algorithm which is improved with a new modal coherence indicator. The time-frequency approach uses the wavelet transform of signals which is improved with a new analyzing wavelet. The wavelet transform is applied to the free response of ambient vibration which is obtained using the random decrement technique. Two experiments of stay cables are presented. The first experiment concerns a stay cable in laboratory where the external load is applied through an impact hammer and the vibratory signals are acquired through four accelerometers. The second experiment concerns the Jinma cable-stayed bridge that connects Guangzhou and Zhaoqing in China. It is a single tower, double row cable-stayed bridge supported by 112 stay cables. Ambient vibration of each stay cable is carried out using accelerometers. From output-only measurements, the modal parameters of stay cables are extracted. Once the eigenfrequencies and the damping coefficients are obtained, the cable forces and the Scruton number are derived. In a continuous monitoring and modal analysis process, the tension forces and Scruton numbers could be used to assess the health of stay cables in cable-stayed bridges.     

SEISMIC RANDOM VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF STOCHASTIC STRUCTURES USING RANDOM FACTOR METHOD

Seismic random vibration analysis of stochastic truss structures is presented. A new method called random factor method is used for dynamic analysis of structures with uncertain parameters, due to variability in their material properties and geometry. Using the random factor method, the natural frequencies and modeshapes of a stochastic structure can be respectively described by the product of two parts, corresponding to the random factors of the structural parameters with uncertainty, and deterministic values of the natural frequencies and modeshapes obtained by conventional finite element analysis. The stochastic truss structure is subjected to stationary or non-stationary random earthquake excitation. Computational expressions for the mean and standard deviation of the mean square displacement and mean square stress are developed by means of the random variable's functional moment method and the algebra synthesis method. An antenna and a truss bridge are used as practical engineering examples to illustrate the application of the random factor method in the seismic response analysis of random structures under stationary or non-stationary random earthquake excitation.     

基于压电自感作动器的振动主动控制系统研究

介绍了压电自传感作动器电学物理模型,分析了传统的桥路法在提取结构振动信号时所存在的问题,进一步提出了将最小二乘均方(Least Means Squares,简称LMS)自适应算法同时应用于压电自传感作动器传感与激励信号间的动平衡分离以及压电智能结构振动的主动控制,并从理论上进行了证明。软、硬件仿真试验结果表明：采用基于LMS的自适应算法可实现压电自传感作动器传感与激励信号完全地、不失真地分离以及压电智能结构振动的实时抑制。该策略原理简单,易于在智能结构振动主动控制、结构的健康监测中得到广泛应用．具有一定的实用价值和工程应用前景。     

微机械陀螺非线性特性的自由衰减振荡测量方法

针对微机械陀螺非线性特性的测量问题,研究了一种频率步进式正弦脉冲激励的自由衰减振荡测量方法。在谐振频率附近,采用步进式正弦脉冲序列作为激励信号,得到一组包含系统不同程度非线性动力学特征的自由振动响应信号。通过Hilbert变换提取自由振动信号的瞬时幅值和瞬时频率,计算得到骨架曲线簇,即可实现非线性动力学特性的实验测量。以Duffing系统为例,对不同信噪比自由振动响应信号进行了数值仿真,结果表明这种方法比FREEVIB方法具有更好的抗噪声性能。对一种环型振动微陀螺进行了实验测试,所得到的骨架曲线与传统扫频方式的测量结果一致。作为一种测试手段,这种方法同样可用于其他类型微机械谐振器动力学特性的实验测试。     

基于毫米波雷达的桥梁索杆振动检测及自动控制

在多因素耦合作用下桥梁结构会产生振动,以毫米波雷达技术为测量手段,提出桥梁索杆振动检测及自动控制方法。分析在恒载作用下桥梁索杆静止状态与振动状态的应变能,结合动能、势能和恒载做功等建立索杆平面内与平面外的振动特征描述方程。通过发送多周期连续毫米波雷达探测信号,取得同周期回波信号。根据回波信号与对应瞬时相位得到单频差拍信号及瞬时相位,检测出索杆振动幅值。利用半正定矩阵和正定矩阵等函数,建立令振动幅值达到最小值的桥梁索杆振动自动控制模型。实验结果表明,所提方法检测精准度较高,自动控制效果较好,并有效抑制了振动幅度,具备良好的应用性能。     

振频法索力监测中自振频率的频谱倍增方法

利用振频法对索力进行长期在线监测时,为高效准确地自动识别拉索的自振频率,就必须避免拉索随机振动信号的非平稳性和频谱微弱等不利条件,减小随机噪声及干扰.根据斜拉索振型的特征,提出频谱倍增法:对单组振动信号频谱幅值进行m次数组乘积,或者对m组相邻频谱幅值进行一次数组乘积;并通过理论分析证明了该方法能够将信噪比至少提高m倍,是常规累加平均法的(√ˉm)倍.以重庆马桑溪长江大桥斜拉索为研究对象进行现场对比试验,分别采用频谱倍增法和累加平均法进行自振频率的自动识别,倍增法基频识别结果误差减少至4％以内,且识别效率提高了5～10倍.试验结果表明:倍增法不仅提高了识别结果的精度,还缩短了识别所需的时间,提高了识别效率.     

Measurements of dynamic properties of a medium span suspension bridge by using the wavelet transforms

The aim of this paper is to show the capabilities of the real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning network system (GPS) to measure the low-frequency vibration of a medium span suspension bridge. In particular, this paper presents the results of studies conducted on the identification of modal parameters including natural frequencies, damping coefficients and mode shapes of a suspension bridge using ambient excitation loads. A real-time kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS) was designed and installed on the Nottingham Wilford Bridge to provide long-term and real-time measurement of bridge deck movement. An approach to estimate modal parameters, from only output data in the time domain using the wavelet transform, is presented. Displacements responses of the bridge are used in the wavelet transform to identify its dynamic characteristics. The modal properties were extracted using a two-step methodology. In the first step, the random decrement method was used to transform random signals in free vibration responses. Secondly, a wavelets-based technique was used to extract natural frequencies and to determine the mode shapes of the structure. This method was compared with the well-established techniques eigensystem realisation algorithm showing a difference of 1% in the estimated first natural frequency.The efficiency of RTK–GPS was demonstrated in the full-scale measurement. In particular, the results showed that the RTK–GPS data can be used for extracting modal properties from in-service-loads induced low-frequency vibration (<5 Hz) by processing the signal with the wavelets transform.     

主体结构位移激励下碳纤维索桁架非线性振动

研究碳纤维材料索桁架在主体结构位移激励下的非线性振动问题,是空间索结构抗震防震设计的基础.在考虑温度变化的基础上,建立碳纤维索桁架在主体结构位移激励下的非线性振动方程,采用Galerkin原理及Krylov-Bogo1iulov-Mitropolsky法求得碳纤维材料索桁架非线性振动的近似解.在将碳纤维索网与钢丝索网比较的基础上,讨论分析温度、位移激励、振幅、阻尼等因素对索桁架非线性振动的影响,得到碳纤维索桁架振动特性优于钢丝索桁架振动特性的结论.     

Dynamic performance of a cable with an inspection robot — analysis, simulation, and experiments

A special cable inspection robot is designed to inspect automatically the cables of a cable-stayed bridge. The free vibration equation of the cable-robot system is derived firstly to study the dynamic characteristics and safety performance of the system. Then, the effect of the robot on the cable natural frequency is discussed, and the dynamic response equation when a robot is climbing at a constant speed is deduced. Furthermore, the effect of the cable vibration on the robot’s climbing ability is studied. The natural frequency characteristics of the robot are analyzed and optimized to avoid the resonance between the cable and the robot, using a finite element model. Additionally, dynamic cable responses are simulated under different conditions wherein the robot mass are 10 and 200 kg, and the speeds are 0.2 and 0.3 m/s, respectively. At last, to demonstrate further the dynamic characteristics of the cable-robot system experimentally, cables are set up on the Junshan highway bridge over the Yangtze river. Similar experimental models of these cables are constructed, and vibration experiments are conducted to validate the theoretical calculation. The results show that a light robot has little effects on the cable vibration amplitude and vibration acceleration; this confirms the safety of the cable.     

基于环境激励的桥梁模态参数识别

介绍了获取桥梁模态参数的试验手段,阐述了环境激励的桥梁模态参数的识别方法,通过移动测量方法测试了基于环境激励的某桥梁,并采用自功率谱、互功率谱和相干函数分析,识别了桥梁振动的前3阶振动频率、阻尼比和振型。结果表明,试验得到的桥梁模态参数与设计参数基本相同,桥梁性能良好。