Effect of Ultra-fast cooling on the microstructure of large-section bars of bearing steel

 The ultra-fast cooling technology of large-section bars GCr15 bearing steel was researched connected with industry practice, the microstructure in different cooling patters were researched by optical microscopy、transmission electron microscopy and energy spectrometer, it was concluded that: the large-section bars of GCr15 bearing steel passed the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly through the ultra-fast cooling technology(UFC) the instantaneous cooling rate of which was about 200℃/s, the finishing cooling temperature was higher than Ms, the lamellar spacing of pearlite was thinner and thinner and the micro-hardness was bigger and bigger along with the reduction of re-reddening temperature,the precipitation of network carbide was restrained when re-reddening temperature was 690℃, and fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition which induced the reduction of the diamond of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, ideal microstructures promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.     

Re-reddening on Strip Surface After Water Cooling

After water cooling,there is a big temperature difference between the center and the surface of strip,which leads to the heat transfer from the center to the surface,and the surface temperature can rise in a short time.The finite element method was used to simulate the phenomena of re-reddening on the surface of strip and to analyze the temperature field of hot rolled strip during laminar cooling,and the periodical variation curve of the cooling rate was obtained during water cooling and subsequent re-reddening.The results show that the critical line of the cooling rate is at 1/3 of the half-thickness from the strip surface.The regression model of the relation of re-reddening temperature,time,and distance from the surface was obtained in the re-reddening region.Re-reddening regularity on the surface of strip under the condition of different thickness and cooling rate was also studied.     

Effect of Ultra-Fast Cooling on Microstructure of Large Section Bars of Bearing Steel

The ultra-fast cooling technology of large section bars and the microstructure for different cooling patterns were studied by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope and energy spectrometer. The results indicated that the large section bars were passed through the zone of secondary carbide precipitation quickly by ultra-fast cooling technology (UFC) at instantaneous cooling rate of about 200 ℃/s and the finishing cooling temperature was higher than M,. The lamellar spacing of pearlite decreased and the microhardness increased with decreasing the re-reddening temperature. The precipitation of network carbide was restrained when rereddening temperature was 690 ℃. And fine laminated pearlite was obtained through transformation of pseudopearlition that induced the reduction of the diameter of pearlite grain and refinement of the lamellar spacing of pearlite, so ideal microstructures of promoting spheroidizing annealing were obtained.     

大断面轴承钢棒材超快速冷却工业化试验

针对国内某钢厂大断面轴承钢棒材连铸连轧后(棒材直径≥60 mm)先共析碳化物网状等级超标问题,通过对前期的研究工作进行归纳总结,在保证连铸连轧的基础上设置新型水冷系统并进行超快速冷却工业化试验,检验冷却到室温后棒材微观组织性能和先共析碳化物网状等级。试验结果表明:通过高温终轧后设定合理的超快速冷却工艺参数可以显著提高棒材表层以及芯部的冷却速率,抑制强碳化物形成元素的晶界处偏析。超快冷后棒材的室温微观组织均为片层珠光体。晶界处先共析碳化物的网状析出得到消除,仅在棒材芯部有少量碳化物呈弥散分布,碳化物网状等级符合行业标准。     

带钢超快速冷却条件下的换热过程

 分析了轧后加速冷却过程中带钢表面的局部换热机理，认为冷却系统实现超快速冷却的关键在于扩大带钢表面射流冲击换热区的面积。确定了薄带钢实现超快速冷却所需的对流换热系数，并采用有限元分析工具ANSYS模拟得到了超快速冷却条件下不同厚度带钢的温度场。温度场的分布表明薄带钢在超快速冷却过程中具有较好的温度一致性。同时还表明随着带钢厚度增加，超快速冷却条件下厚度方向的温度梯度显著增大，对于带钢内部组织的均匀性将产生不利的影响。带钢厚度范围应是超快速冷却技术实际应用过程中的重要考虑因素。     

Development of New Generation Cooling Control System After Rolling in Hot Rolled Strip Based on UFC

 Ultra-fast cooling (UFC) is an advanced technology in hot rolling field. Through this technology, great changes on the run-out table are produced in the strip cooling process. In order to adapt to these changes, a new generation of hot strip cooling control system after rolling was developed based on the UFC basic principle. The system can not only accomplish temperature of UFC delivery side, coiling temperature, cooling rate, etc, and multi-objective accuracy control, but also offer more flexibility and new attractive possibilities in terms of cooling pattern on the run-out table, which could be of prime importance for the production of some difficult steels. In addition, through the time-velocity-distance (TVD) profile prediction combined with speed feed-forward control and coiling temperature feedback control, the coiling temperature control precision can be effectively improved during accelerative rolling in the system. At present, the system has been successfully used in the conventional strip production line and CSP short process production line, and its application effect is perfect.     

基于超快冷的控轧控冷装备技术的发展

控制轧制与控制冷却技术是钢种开发和改善产品质量的重要轧制工艺技术。介绍了热轧板带钢超快冷技术的发展前沿,重点阐述了国内自主研发超快冷工艺装备的技术特征。在此基础上,进一步介绍以超快冷为核心的新一代TMCP工艺原理以及“轧制-冷却”相结合的“温控-形变”耦合控轧技术研发现状,通过控制轧制与超快冷有效结合,综合利用细晶强化、析出强化、相变强化等多种强化方式,可以充分挖掘钢铁材料的潜力,实现资源节约型、节能减排型的绿色钢铁产品制造过程。     

某热轧1580生产线工作辊热凸度分析研究

热轧精轧机换辊、轧制中断、轧制节奏明显变化等工艺条件下,容易出现较大偏差,导致轧制不稳定、板形有质量缺陷等问题。对首钢某热轧1580生产线工作辊冷却方式进行改造,由辊身均匀冷却方式改为中段集中冷却方式,以便降低工作辊中部温度、减小中部与端部的温差,从而获得较好的工作辊热凸度轮廓曲线,轧制出板形和表面质量良好的带钢产品。     

热轧中厚板超快速冷却过程温度场数值模拟

 超快速冷却工艺作为热轧钢板生产的核心技术,对改善板材产品组织形态、提升产品性能具有重要意义。在中厚钢板的超快速冷却过程中,心部与表面之间的冷却速度差异使得钢板在厚度方向上形成内外温度差,而超快速冷却中钢板表面的换热机制较为复杂,两者综合提升了中厚板冷却机制的界定难度。为提升中厚板超快冷模型计算精度,完善其换热体系,建立了中厚钢板轧后超快速冷却过程中等效换热系数反求法的数学模型。该模型依托离散解析法,基于导热微分方程及物体正规阶段的状态特点,将求得的超越方程根转化为等效换热系数,并将此作为超快冷温度场模型的边界条件。在此基础上,构建了超快速冷却温度场仿真模型,验证了20 mm钢板超快速冷却机制下的温度场。结果表明,等效换热系数反求法的数学模型能够适用于中厚钢板的超快冷工艺。     

层流冷却过程中带钢温度场数值模拟

分析了带钢层流冷却过程中的传热，并利用有限元法对层流冷却过程中带钢温度场进行了模拟计算。结果表明：随着轧件厚度的减薄，在带钢厚度方向上的温差逐渐减小；冷却速度不同时，带钢表面温度和中心温度的变化趋势以及波动幅度相应发生变化。在进行模型计算时，应合理考虑带钢厚度及内部热传导的影响。这对提高数学模型的精度，控制卷取温度，提高产品质量以及指导生产具有重要意义。     

Nb在超快冷条件下的低温析出行为

 通过热模拟试验和实验室热轧试验,结合含Nb船板钢的CCT曲线,重点研究了超快冷条件下试验钢中Nb在相变区的析出行为。结果表明,试验钢变形后快速冷却至600℃保温不同时间时,得到的组织为针状铁素体组织,而在650℃等温时,组织中多边形铁素体含量随等温时间延长逐渐增多;不同温度下保温,随着保温时间的延长,析出相粒子的数量有所增多,尺寸也有所增大;在实验室条件下采用910℃终轧＋超快速冷却工艺,相比于850℃终轧＋层冷工艺组织中的粒子析出量大大增加,微合金的析出强化作用得到加强,得到轧件的强度相比于低温终轧并没有降低,说明超快速冷工艺不仅可以更好地发挥Nb的析出强化作用,提高含Nb船板钢的强度,而且可以适度提高试验钢的终轧温度,降低轧制力,提高轧制节奏。     

热轧带钢轧后冷却控制及其智能反馈控制方法

热轧带钢轧后冷却过程中卷取温度的控制精度是保证带钢组织性能、表面质量和板形良好的1个关键因素。温度控制的核心是冷却过程控制模型的建立及其自适应反馈功能。建立了具有非线性结构特征的热轧带钢冷却过程控制的数学模型,并对新模型的智能反馈控制方法进行了研究,增强了控制模型的自适应性。现场实际应用表明：实测卷取温度与目标温度相差...     

超快冷条件下低合金钢板的合金减量化生产工艺实践

随着唐山中厚板材有限公司生产线技术改造的完成,特别是超快冷(UFC)设备投入使用,轧后冷却能力得到明显提升,为高级中厚板品种开发奠定了基础。但如果在超快冷(UFC)条件下仍然使用原来在加速冷却(ACC)条件下使用的成分设计,将导致合金富余量过大,成本具有进一步下降的空间,因此在超快冷条件下低合金钢板的合金减量化生产具有重要的实用价值。唐钢为此设计了C-Mn、C-Mn-Nb-Ti和C-Mn-Nb-Ti-V 3个体系6种成分,并在试验中分析研究返红温度对钢板实物性能的影响。试验结果表明:降低返红温度能够显著提高钢板的力学性能;钢板厚度增加时,适当降低返红温度,其力学性能也同样能够得到保证。通过合金减量化生产工艺实践,唐山中厚板材有限公司实现了80 mm厚度460 MPa强度级别钢板的稳定生产,且板型良好。     

中间坯快冷技术对Q345A厚板表层组织和性能的影响

采用热模拟技术、力学性能测试技术和金相分析技术研究了中间坯快冷技术对Q345A厚板表层组织和性能的影响。结果表明:经过中间坯冷却+回温轧制后,在距钢板表层2mm内获得细化的铁素体组织,晶粒平均直径在1μm左右,弥散分布着少量珠光体。基体组织和常规TMCP轧制态相似,是块状铁素体与珠光体整合组织。中间坯快冷技术不会降低钢板基体的力学性能和低温韧性,钢板表层的硬度略高于心部。与常规的TMCP工艺相比,钢板具有良好的止裂能力。     

Improvement of Prediction Method for Strip Coiling Temperature

Thecoilingtemperatureisoneoftheimportanttechnologicalparametersaffectingthefinalmechani calpropertiesofstrip[1,2 ] .The purposeofcoilingtemperaturecontrolistomakestripcooltorequiredcoilingtemperaturefromhighertemperatureforap propriatemicrostructureandmechanicalproperty .Atpresent ,thecontrolmodelofcoilingtemperatureforBaosteel 2 0 5 0millisaself adaptingempiricalmodel.Thoughthecontrolissatisfactory ,theout of toleranceofcoilingtemperatureisstillobservedinproduction .Itwasconcludedbytheinvest…     

改善中厚板轧后超快冷均匀性的措施及其应用

 以改善中厚板轧后冷却均匀性为目的,从高压水射流冲击换热原理出发,研究在超快速冷却条件下的改善钢板冷却均匀性方法。通过合理设计集管及其布置形式,采用上集管位置设定、水比设定以及钢板头尾速度遮蔽等措施,实现了在超快速冷却过程中钢板各个方向上的冷却均匀性。将上述措施用于在线生产,结果表明,钢板各向均匀性控制良好,长度方向95%以上的温度被控制在距离目标返红温度±25℃的范围之内。     

600MPa级高强钢热轧卷取工艺研究及应用

为了探究卷取过程热轧带钢的氧化铁皮和组织性能的变化规律,采用扫描电镜、电子探针、光学显微镜、透射电镜和拉伸试验机等研究了不同卷取温度和冷却方式对600 MPa级热轧带钢表面质量和组织性能的影响。结果表明,650、600℃卷取温度下,与缓慢冷却方式相比,采用快速冷却方式可有效改善热轧带钢表面氧化铁皮的结构,使氧化铁皮中FeO比例提高10%～15%,氧化铁皮厚度下降25%～30%,同时有效减弱热轧带钢表面氧化铁皮与基体界面硅元素和锰元素富集;不同冷却工艺下热轧带钢中的晶粒尺寸相近;650℃卷取+快速冷却工艺下热轧带钢的屈服强度最高,试样断口的位错密度最高,但断后伸长率并未明显下降。     

Ultra Fast Cooling of a Hot Steel Plate by Using High Mass Flux Air Atomized Spray

In the current research, the ultra fast cooling (UFC) of a hot stationary AISI‐304 steel plate has been investigated by using air atomized spray at different air and water flow rates. The initial temperature of the plate, before the cooling starts, is kept at 900°C or above. The spray was produced from a full cone internal mixing air atomized spray nozzle at a fixed nozzle to plate distance; and the average spray mass flux was varied from 130 to 370 kg m^?2 s by selecting different combinations of air and water flow rates. The surface heat flux and surface temperature calculations have been performed by using INTEMP software and the calculated results have been validated by comparing with the measured thermocouple data. The heat transfer analysis indicates that the cooling occurs in the transition boiling regime up to surface temperature of 500°C and thereafter it changes to nucleate boiling regime. The superposed flow of air on the hot plate enhances the cooling in the temperature range of 900–500°C by sweeping the partially evaporated droplets from the hot surface. However, due to the high percentage of fine water droplets in the resultant spray produced at higher air flow rates, the maximum cooling rate is achieved at the medium air flow rate of 30 N m³ h^?1. The cooling rate (182°C s^?1) produced by an air atomized spray is found to be in the UFC regime of a 6 mm thick steel plate. The findings of this research can be considered as the basis for the fabrication of cooling system in the run‐out table of a hot strip mill.     

热轧层流冷却控制中的反馈速度优化

针对武钢热轧二分厂厚板层流冷却控制中尾部温度陡降的问题,详细分析了"Flying Carpet"模式下因速度测量系统的切换而产生的速度抖动现象对层流冷却前馈控制造成的干扰,结合现场实际情况,提出了1套反馈速度优化方案,实际控制效果表明:带钢尾部温度陡降现象消失,由此产生的性能改判和卷取机停车问题得到彻底解决,提高生产稳定性,保证产品质量。     

板带钢快速冷却后表层返红现象

 热轧板带钢轧后冷却过程中,由于骤冷后表面与中心的温差导致轧件内部的热量传向表面,出现表面返红现象。对返红过程进行实验研究,实测了轧件在水冷后表层和内部温度的变化。用有限元法对不同规格轧件经历不同冷却条件下的返红情况进行模拟,分析钢板表面返红的原因,确定了发生返红的临界条件,得到了不同条件下返红引起的温升量和返红时间。结果表明,随着厚度和冷却速度的增大,水冷后心表温差增加,返红温升量增大,返红时间也增加。