CS/PVA-GA渗透蒸发膜分离偏二甲肼/水体系的实验研究

将壳聚糖(CS)和聚乙烯醇(PVA)按一定比例共混,再以戊二醛(GA)交联,制备CS/PVA-GA共混交联膜,研究了共混交联膜的结构、力学性能以及在偏二甲肼/水体系中的渗透蒸发脱水性能。结果表明,CS与PVA共混、GA交联,形成了致密的空间网状结构,随PVA含量增加,膜的抗张强度降低,而断裂伸长率增加。料液浓度、温度、膜厚度等因素对膜的渗透蒸发性能有较大影响,当料液中偏二甲肼的质量分数为50%,温度为20℃,渗透侧压力为100 Pa,膜厚约为25μm时,CS/PVA-GA共混交联膜的分离因子达到243,渗透通量可达167 g/(m2.h)。     

壳聚糖-海藻酸钠/聚丙烯腈聚离子复合膜渗透汽化分离乙酸乙酯水溶液

制备了壳聚糖-海藻酸钠/聚丙烯腈（CS-SA/PAN）聚离子复合膜,将此膜用于渗透汽化分离乙酸乙酯水溶液.用红外光谱（FT-IR）表征CS、SA、CS/SA均质膜.研究CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜的溶胀性、料液浓度和SA质量分数、操作温度对乙酸乙酯水溶液脱水效果的影响.实验表明：CS/SA聚离子均质膜在乙酸乙酯水溶液中的溶胀度随溶液中水质量分数的增加而增大,随SA的质量分数增加而减小,40℃、SA质量分数为2.0%时,CS/SA聚离子均质膜在乙酸乙酯质量分数为97%的水溶液中溶胀度可达51%.随着SA质量分数的增加,CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜的渗透通量减小,分离因子增大,40℃、SA质量分数为2.0%时,分离乙酸乙酯质量分数为97%的水溶液,CS-SA/PAN聚离子复合膜渗透通量可达348g/（m^2.h）,分离因子为7245.随着料液中水含量的增加和料液温度的升高,膜渗透通量增大,分离系数减小,渗透通量与料液温度的关系能较好地吻合Arrhenius方程.     

响应面优化法在PDMS/PVDF膜制膜条件优化中的应用

用响应面优化法优化了乙烯基封端PDMS/PVDF渗透汽化透醇膜的制膜条件,研究了硅橡胶浓度、B/A质量比、交联温度和交联时间对膜性能的影响,拟合了分离因子、渗透通量与四因素之间的回归方程,并用方差分析法考察了四因素的主效应、二次效应以及相互作用效应对复合膜的分离因子与渗透通量的影响。研究发现,硅橡胶浓度对膜的分离因子与渗透通量的影响最为显著,交联时间对分离因子几乎没有影响。通过对回归方程的优化分析得知,在料液乙醇浓度为10%(wt),操作温度40℃条件下,当硅橡胶浓度为93%(wt),B/A质量比为0.08,交联温度为100℃,交联时间为13.83 h时,膜的综合分离性能达到最佳,此时分离因子与渗透通量预测值分别为9.47、77.57 g(m2 h)1,渗透侧乙醇浓度达到51.3%(wt)。回归方程的验证实验结果表明,回归方程的估计值与实验值较为吻合,可用于乙烯基封端的PDMS/PVDF复合膜的渗透汽化性能的预测与优化。     

硅橡胶渗透汽化复合膜在丁醇发酵中的应用

丁醇发酵受产物丁醇的抑制,产率和产物浓度低,过程经济性差,为减轻丁醇的抑制,制备了聚二甲基硅氧烷/聚偏氟乙烯(PIMS/PVDF)复合膜用于丙酮-丁醇-乙醇-水体系有机成分的分离.以分离因子和渗透通量为评价指标,考察了料液温度、质量分数和pH值对复合膜渗透汽化分离性能的影响.结果表明:料液温度升高能提高膜的分离性能;料...     

全氟磺酸改性聚乙烯醇渗透汽化膜分离乙酸乙酯-水溶液

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)为原材料,全氟磺酸(PFSA)为共混改性材料,以聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维超滤膜为底膜制备了PVAfPAN、PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜,并用于乙酸乙酯脱水.考察了共混涂膜液中PVA、PFSA配比,交联剂酒石酸(Tat)用量以及原料液温度与浓度对PVA、PAN、PVA-PFSA、PAN复合膜分离件能的影响.实验结果表明,Tac交联的PVA,PAN、PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜均对水具有较好的分离选择性.共混涂膜液中PVA/PFSA质量比为1/1、Tac/PVA质量比为l/5时所制备的PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离性能最佳.40下℃此复合膜用于分离98%(wt)的乙酸乙酯水溶液时,其渗透通量和分离因予分别为81.1 g·m-2·h-1和1890.同样条件下,与交联PVA/PAN复合膜相比,交联PVA-PFSA/PAN复合膜的渗透通量显著提高.     

PVA-TEOS/PAN渗透汽化膜的制备及其乙酸乙酯脱水

以聚丙烯腈(PAN)中空纤维超滤膜为底膜,以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)的混合液为涂膜液,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了PVA-TEOS/PAN渗透汽化复合膜,并用于乙酸乙酯脱水. FT-IR和XRD谱图证实复合膜表层中由于PVA与TEOS的交联反应而形成了Si?O?C共价键,且PVA的结晶度下降. 另外,利用静态接触角测量对复合膜表层的亲水性进行了表征. 考察了复合膜在乙酸乙酯水溶液中的溶胀性能及涂膜液中TEOS含量和料液温度与浓度对PVA-TEOS/PAN复合膜分离性能的影响. 结果表明,TEOS的加入有效降低了复合膜在乙酸乙酯水溶液中的溶胀度,使其对水具有较好的分离选择性. 40℃下,涂膜液中TEOS质量含量分别为5%和30%的PVA-TEOS/PAN复合膜分离98%的乙酸乙酯水溶液时,其分离因子分别为2830和4448,渗透通量分别为49.4和41.4 g/(m2×h).     

硬脂酸改性γ-Al_2O_3填充PEBAX膜渗透汽化分离苯胺

利用硬脂酸对纳米γ-Al_2O_3改性,分别制备了聚醚共聚酰胺(PEBAX)均质膜、填充膜、复合膜以及填充型复合膜四种分离膜,探讨了膜在苯胺/正庚烷体系中的溶胀性能和渗透汽化性能。利用FT-IR、XRD分别考察了改性前后γ-Al_2O_3颗粒官能团和晶体结构的变化情况,通过SEM观察膜的形貌结构。溶胀实验结果表明:随着料液中苯胺浓度和料液温度的升高,溶胀度均持续增大,在48 h时达到溶胀平衡,填充量为2%(wt)时填充膜的溶胀效果最好;渗透汽化实验结果表明:膜的渗透通量和分离因子均随料液中苯胺浓度和料液温度的升高而持续增大,填充型复合膜的综合性能最优,其填充量为2%(wt)时分离性能最佳,当苯胺浓度为5000μg×g~(-1)、温度为70℃时,膜的渗透总通量为5.64 kg×m~(-2)×h~(-1),分离因子为3.07。     

NaA/PAN复合膜渗透汽化分离DMF/H_2O溶液的性能研究

采用流延法制备大面积的NaA/PAN分子筛复合膜,并用于渗透汽化分离二甲基甲酰胺/水(DMF/H2O)溶液。考察了料液组成、进料量和操作温度对膜分离性能的影响。实验结果表明:渗透通量随着温度的升高而增大,在DMF质量分数为20%,操作温度为24℃,料液量为1.5 m3/h,膜后侧压力为500 Pa的条件下,NaA/PAN膜的渗透通量达到1.84 kg/(m2·h),分离因子为11.5。     

SiO_2-PEBAX/PAN膜渗透汽化分离吡啶

以聚醚共聚酰胺(PEBAX)为分离膜材料,聚内烯腈(PAN)超滤膜为支撑层,纳米气相二氧化硅(n-Si O2)颗粒为填充物,分别制备了PEBAX/PAN复合膜及n-Si O2-PEBAX/PAN填充型复合膜,旨在通过渗透汽化分离吡啶。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)对复合膜进行表征,表明n-Si O2与聚合物只是物理混合。以吡啶/正庚烷混合物为模拟溶液,考察膜的溶胀及渗透汽化分离性能。溶胀实验结果表明:膜溶胀度随料液吡啶含量及温度的增加而增大。渗透汽化实验结果表明:n-Si O2填充量为10‰(wt)时总渗透通量最大,填充量为5‰(wt)时分离因子最大。总渗透通量和分离因子都随料液吡啶浓度增大而增加;渗透汽化操作温度升高,总渗透通量增大,而分离因子减小。当填充量为5‰(wt)、温度为30℃、以及料液吡啶含量为5000?g?g?1时,Pn5膜的总渗透通量为5.05 kg?m?2?h?1,分离因子为3.39。研究结果表明,Si O2-PEBAX/PAN复合膜对吡啶有较好的富集作用。     

超支化多层复合膜的制备及其渗透汽化分离水中丁醇

制备了超支化聚硅氧烷,并以超支化聚硅氧烷膜(HPSi O-c-PDMS)为中间层、聚硅氧烷(VTES-c-PDMS)为表层选择层,制备了具有多层结构的复合膜,并对其进行静态接触角和SEM表征,系统研究了PDMS分子量、料液温度对渗透汽化性能的影响。结果表明,随着表层分离层PDMS分子量的增加,多层复合膜的通量降低,而分离因子上升;随着料液温度升高,多层复合膜的通量和分离因子上升明显。     

壳聚糖渗透汽化膜分离醇／水的性能：Ⅱ.壳聚糖复合膜

用聚丙烯腈超滤膜为基膜制成的ＣＳ复合膜，对乙醇／水溶液的分离具有较稳定的透过性，复合膜先后运行于低浓度的乙醇溶液的９５ｗｔ％乙醇溶液，膜的稳定性能优于均质膜。实验还表明用多种交联剂代替硫酸处理超薄复合膜，可有效地提高膜的渗透选择性。     

Pervaporation separation of water/isopropanol mixtures through crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan/polysulfone hollow‐fiber composite membranes

Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS)/polysulfone (PS) hollow‐fiber composite membranes were prepared through glutaraldehyde (GA) as the crosslinking agent and PS hollow‐fiber ultrafiltration membrane as the support. The permeation and separation characteristics for dehydration of isopropanol were investigated by the pervaporation method. Pure chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan, and crosslinked carboxymethyl chitosan membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) to study the crosslinking reaction mechanism and degree of crystallinity, respectively. The effects of feed composition, crosslinking agent, membrane thickness, and feed temperature on membrane performance were investigated. The results show that the crosslinked CMCS/PS hollow‐fiber composite membranes possess high selectivity and promising permeability. The permeation flux and separation factor for isopropanol/water is 38.6 g/m²h and 3238.5, using 87.5 wt % isopropanol concentration at 45°C, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1959–1965, 2007     

Characteristics of permeation and separation of aqueous alcoholic solutions with chitosan derivative membranes

Permeation and separation characteristics for the feed vapours from aqueous alcoholic solutions through chitosan derivative membranes such as chitosan acetate (GA-ChitoA), chitosan (GA-Chito), and carboxymethyl chitosan acetate (GA-CM-ChitoA) membrane crosslinked with glutaraldehyde were investigated by evapomeation. The GA-Chito and GA-CM-ChitoA membranes prepared from casting solutions containing an optimum amount of glutaraldehyde showed a high permeation rate and high water permselectivity for an azeotropic composition in an aqueous ethanol solution. The permselectivity for water through the GA-CM-ChitoA membrane in evapomeation was in the order of aqueous solutions of methanol < ethanol < 1-propanol. The effect of the chemical and physical structure of these hydrophilic membranes on the permeation and separation characteristics is discussed.     

真空膜蒸馏法分离乙醇溶液的研究

采用聚偏氟乙烯复合中空纤维膜制作膜组件,制备小型实验装置用来分离从低浓度到高浓度的乙醇溶液,研究探讨了进料温度、料液流速、料液浓度、真空度对膜通量和分离因子的影响.进料温度升高时,膜通量及分离因子均增大.冷侧真空度的增加,通量呈线性增长,但分离因子减小.料液流速对膜通量和分离因子的影响温和.结果表明,真空膜蒸馏适用于浓...     

Effect of Deacetylation Degree in Chitosan Composite Membranes on Pervaporation Performance

ABSTRACT

The effect of the degree of deacetylation in chitosan composite membranes on their pervaporation performance for ethanol dehydration was investigated. The degree of deacetylation of chitosans was measured by using an infrared spectroscopic method and elemental analysis. The chitosan composite membranes were prepared by coating a chitosan solution onto a microporous polyethersulfone membrane with 3–7 nm pore sizes. Then the surface of the top layer (chitosan) of well-dried membranes was crosslinked with sulfuric acid, and pervaporation experiments for binary mixtures (water—ethanol) were carried out at various conditions. In the case of a chitosan membrane with a high degree of deacetylation, the flux increases while the separation factor decreases compared with membranes with a low degree of deacetylation.     

Pervaporation separation of water/ethanol mixtures through polysaccharide membranes. II. The permselectivity of chitosan membrane

The separation of water/alcohol mixtures through chitosan membrane was investigated. The degree of the deacetylation of chitosan did not affect the selectivity of the membrane in the separation of the water/ethanol mixture. The selectivity of the chitosan membrane was affected by the specific salts such as CoSO₄, ZnSO₄, and MnSO₄ and it increased when the salts were present in the feed mixture or the membrane was pretreated with the salt solution. This behavior would be explained by the contraction of the “holes” produced by the thermal motion of polymer chains and this contraction would be correlated with the conformation change of chitosan molecule due to the formation of complexes with metal ions.     

Pervaporation of water/alcohol mixtures through chitosan/cellulose acetate composite hollow‐fiber membranes

For the purpose of separating aqueous alcohol by the use of pervaporation technique, a composite membrane of chitosan (CT) dip‐coated cellulose acetate (CA) hollow‐fiber membranes, CT‐d‐CA, was investigated. The effects of air‐gap distance in the spinning of CA hollow‐fiber membranes, chitosan concentration, and sorts of aqueous alcohol solutions on the pervaporation performances were studied. Compared with unmodified CA hollow‐fiber membrane, the CT‐d‐CA composite hollow‐fiber membrane effectively increases the permselectivity of water. The thickness of coating layer increases with an increase in chitosan concentration. As the concentration of chitosan solution increased, the permeation rate decreased and the concentration of water in the permeate increased. In addition, the effects of feed composition and feed solution temperature on the pervaporation performances were also investigated. The permeation rate and water content in permeate at 25°C for a 90 wt % aqueous isopropanol solution through the CT‐d‐CA composite hollow‐fiber membrane with a 5‐cm air‐gap distance spun, 2 wt % chitosan dip‐coated system were 169.5 g/m² h and 98.9 wt %, respectively. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1562–1568, 2004     

Separation of aqueous organic liquid solutions through polymer membranes

Characteristics of permeation and separation for aqueous dimethyl sulfoxide, acetic acid and ethanol solutions through some polymer membranes such as chitosan, poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(dimethyl siloxane) membrane were studied by evapomeation. In temperature difference controlling evapomeation (TDEV), when the temperature of the feed solution was kept constant and the temperature of the membrane surroundings was changed, permselectivity for water increased in the chitosan and poly(vinyl chloride) membranes; in the poly(dimethyl siloxane) membrane the perm-selectivity for ethanol increased while decreasing the temperature of the membrane surroundings. Permeation and separation mechanisms for aqueous organic liquid solutions through the above polymer membranes by the TDEV method are discussed.     

聚偏氟乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷渗透气化膜在丁醇分离中的应用

通过相转化法制备PVDF多孔支撑膜,在其上涂覆致密的PDMS分离层制备得到PVDF/PDMS复合膜,用于丁醇的分离纯化。以丁醇水溶液为原料液,流速为1.6 L·min^-1,丁醇浓度为15 g·L^-1,温度为37℃时, PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量为158.2 g·m^-2·h^-1,分离因子为17.3。向丁醇水溶液中按丁醇：丙酮：乙醇比例为6：3：1添加丙酮和乙醇模拟发酵液,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量升高到189.5 g·m^-2·h^-1,分离因子降低到14.8。进一步考察了以丙酮-丁醇-乙醇（ABE）发酵液为原料液的渗透气化膜分离性能,发酵液中不存在菌体时,PVDF/PDMS复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为120.2 g·m^-2·h^-1和19.7,而菌体存在时,复合膜的总通量和分离因子分别为122.1 g·m^-2·h^-1和16.7。与PDMS均质膜相比,PVDF/PDMS复合膜在丁醇分离过程中的分离性能有了显著的提升, 具有潜在的应用价值。     

Preparation and separation properties of polyamide nanofiltration membrane

Utilizing an interfacial polymerization technique for the preparation of a polymeric composite nanofiltration membrane, both high permeation flux of water and high salt rejection can be achieved. Synthesis conditions, such as concentration of monomer, reaction time, and swelling agent, significantly affected the separation performance of composite membranes. The composite polyamide membrane had a permeation rate of ～2–5 gallon/ft²/day (gfd) and a salt rejection rate of ～94–99% when 2000 ppm aqueous salt solution was fed at 200 psi and 25°C. Also, a higher performance nanofiltration membrane could be prepared by suitably swelling the support matrix in the period of polymerization. The results of various feed concentrations showed that permeate flux decreased with increasing salt concentration in the feed solution. This result may be due to concentration polarization on the surface of polyamide membranes. The separation performance of polyamide membranes showed an almost independent relationship with operation pressure until it was up to 200 psi. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1112–1118, 2002