Preparation and properties of transparent PMMA/ZrO2 nanocomposites using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate as a coupling agent

Transparent PMMA/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA)/ZrO₂ dispersions that were firstly synthesized using nonaqueous synthesized ZrO₂ nanocrystals and the function monomer, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), as the ligand. The dispersion behavior of ZrO₂ nanoparticles in MMA, structure, mechanical and thermal properties of the PMMA/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were investigated comprehensively. It was found that ZrO₂ nanoparticles were well dispersed in MMA with HEMA ligand, but the MMA/ZrO₂ dispersions easily destabilized in air as well as at elevated temperatures. The destabilization temperature of the dispersion is raised by increasing the molar ratio of HEMA/ZrO₂ to match the bulk polymerization temperature. The PMMA/ZrO₂ nanocomposites showed an interesting chemical structure (namely, highly cross-linked structure even at ZrO₂ content as low as 0.8 wt% and hydrogen bonding interaction between polymer matrix and ZrO₂ nanoparticles), with enhanced rigidity without loss of the toughness and improved thermal stability. The relationship between the structure and the properties of the PMMA/ZrO₂ nanocomposites based on the HEMA coupling agent was discussed.     

Conductive,Gas Barrier,and Thermal Resistant Behavior of Poly (methyl methacrylate) Composite by Dispersion of ZrO2 Nanoparticles

Poly (methyl methacrylate)/zirconium dioxide (PMMA/ZrO₂) nanocomposites were prepared by the incorporation of ZrO₂ nanoparticles in various proportions (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%) with PMMA matrix by in situ emulsifier-free emulsion polymerization technique. The structural property of PMMA/ZrO₂ nanocomposites was studied by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal stability of PMMA/ZrO₂ nanocomposites was improved with increasing concentration of ZrO₂. The electrical conductivity of composites was measured as function of ZrO₂ concentration. The oxygen barrier properties of PMMA/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were measured by using gas permeameter.     

Dispersion of γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane-functionalized zirconia nanoparticles in UV-curable formulations and properties of their cured coatings

Highly dispersible zirconia (ZrO₂) nanocrystals were functionalized with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) and dispersed in trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA), 1,6-hexandiol diacrylate (HDDA), tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (TPGDA) and aliphatic polyurethane oligomer (PU)/TPGDA mixtures, respectively. The dispersion behavior of MPS-functionalized ZrO₂ (MPS-ZrO₂) as well as its mechanical reinforcement for the PU/TPGDA matrixes was investigated. It was found that the dispersion of MPS-ZrO₂ nanoparticles in UV-curable formulation strongly depends on the ZrO₂ load, the grafting density of MPS, the composition of organic matrix and the type of monomer. A critical ZrO₂ load beyond which phase separation of MPS-ZrO₂ nanoparticles takes place exists for all cases. MPS-ZrO₂ nanoparticles are more efficient to improve the pendulum hardness and scratch resistance of PU/TPGDA-based coatings that contains higher amount of TPGDA, being presumably due to quicker increase of the cross-linking density of the coatings. Additionally, a completely transparent TPGDA-based nanocomposite coating with ZrO₂ load of as high as 60 wt.% can be obtained, and has absolutely high refractive index of 1.78.     

Towards transparent PMMA/SiO2 nanocomposites with promising scratch‐resistance by manipulation of SiO2 aggregation followed by in situ polymerization

Poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted silica (SiO₂‐g‐PMMA) was synthesized via in situ suspension polymerization. To achieve better uniform dispersion, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) was introduced into xylene to manipulate SiO₂ aggregation. SiO₂‐g‐PMMA or SiO₂ was incorporated into PMMA matrix by in situ polymerization to prepare PMMA‐based nanocomposites. The effect of CTAB amount, in the range 0–35 wt %, on the modification was evaluated by DLS, TGA, and FTIR. Furthermore, morphology, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties of PMMA nanocomposites was characterized by SEM, UV–vis, DMA, and TGA. Owing to surface functionalization, SiO₂‐g‐PMMA exhibited far more excellent compatibility and dispersion in matrix compared with SiO₂. Surface hardness and thermal properties of nanocomposites were enhanced significantly under the premise in high transparency. It is expected that transparent nanocomposites with promising scratch‐resistance could have wide applications, such as airplane shielding window and daily furniture. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44612.     

Rheological and mechanical properties of PVC/CaCO3 nanocomposites prepared by in situ polymerization

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC)/calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) nanocomposites were synthesized by in situ polymerization of vinyl chloride (VC) in the presence of CaCO₃ nanoparticles. Their thermal, rheological and mechanical properties were evaluated by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), thermogravimetry analysis (TGA), capillary rheometry, tensile and impact fracture tests. The results showed that CaCO₃ nanoparticles were uniformly distributed in the PVC matrix during in situ polymerization of VC with 5.0 wt% or less nanoparticles. The glass transition and thermal decomposition temperatures of PVC phase in PVC/CaCO₃ nanocomposites are shifted toward higher temperatures by the restriction of CaCO₃ nanoparticles on the segmental and long-range chain mobility of the PVC phase. The nanocomposites showed shear thinning and power law behaviors. The ‘ball bearing’ effect of the spherical nanoparticles decreased the apparent viscosity of the PVC/CaCO₃ nanocomposite melts, and the viscosity sensitivity on shear rate of the PVC/CaCO₃ nanocomposite is higher than that of pristine PVC. Moreover, CaCO₃ nanoparticles stiffen and toughen PVC simultaneously, and optimal properties were achieved at 5 wt% of CaCO₃ nanoparticles in Young's modulus, tensile yield strength, elongation at break and Charpy notched impact energy. Detailed examinations of micro-failure micromechanisms of impact and tensile specimens showed that the CaCO₃ nanoparticles acted as stress raisers leading to debonding/voiding and deformation of the matrix material around the nanoparticles. These mechanisms also lead to impact toughening of the nanocomposites.     

Dielectric,thermal and mechanical properties of hybrid PMMA/RGO/Fe2O3 nanocomposites fabricated by in-situ polymerization

Currently, the organic-inorganic hybrid materials have gained tremendous importance due to their unique applications in different technological fields. In this connection, the chemical synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and its binary and ternary nanocomposites by in-situ bulk polymerization with various percentages of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and hematite nanoparticles (Fe₂O₃ NPs) is presented. Dielectric properties of binary and ternary nanocomposites are investigated in the frequency range of 25 Hz-1 MHz for each composition. Ternary nanocomposite of PMMA with RGO:Fe₂O₃ NPs (2:2 wt%) exhibits a substantial enhancement of the dielectric constant up to ≈308 and suppressed dielectric loss of 0.12 at 25 Hz. Appearance of three types of interfaces in ternary PMMA nanocomposites accounts for the superior dielectric properties due to the accumulation of greater number of charges at the interfaces as compared to the binary nanocomposites with only one interface. The same optimized ternary PMMA nanocomposite shows a remarkable improvement in the thermal conductivity (2.04 W/mK), which is attributed to the formation of efficient thermal conducting pathways contributed by the synergic reduction in thermal resistance of both RGO and Fe₂O₃ NPs (2:2 wt%) relative to the binary nanocomposites PMMA/2 wt% RGO (1.04 W/mK) and PMMA/2 wt% Fe₂O₃ (0.98 W/mK). Thus, ternary nanocomposites prove to be the excellent candidates for thermal management applications. Furthermore, a comparison of the mechanical strength and thermal stability for all the binary and ternary nanocomposites is presented. In the last section, respective precursors and optimized binary and ternary nanocomposites are characterized by XRD, FTIR and SEM which reveal the strong interaction of respective nanofillers into PMMA matrix.     

Structural characterization,thermal properties,and density functional theory studies of PMMA‐maghemite hybrid material

Maghemite (γ‐Fe₂O₃)‐poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were prepared by grafting 3‐(trimethoxy‐silyl) propyl methacrylate on the surface of maghemite nanoparticles, this process being followed by methyl methacrylate radical polymerization. Three different hybrids with 0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 wt% of maghemite nanoparticles were studied. The results indicate that these nanocomposites consist of a homogeneous PMMA matrix in which maghemite nanoparticles with a bimodal size distribution are embedded. The existence of covalent bonding between silane monomers and atoms on the maghemite surface was evidenced. AFM images showed a clear increase in surface roughness for increasing maghemite content. The thermal stability of PMMA‐maghemite nanocomposites is higher than that of pure PMMA and increases for increasing maghemite content. The results of our theoretical studies indicate that the electron density in the maghemite nanoparticle is not homogenous, the low electron density volumes being supposed to be radical trappers during PMMA decomposition, thus acting as a thermal stabilizer. POLYM. COMPOS., 51–60, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Influence of nanozirconia on the thermal stability of poly(methyl methacrylate) prepared by in situ bulk polymerization

Nanozirconia (nano‐ZrO₂) was prepared by the sol–gel method and incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by the in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The structure of the nano‐ZrO₂ was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The structure of the nano‐ZrO₂ nanocomposites were studied by differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, XRD, and scanning electron microscopy, and the results show that there were interactions between the nanoparticles and the polymer. The influence of the nano‐ZrO₂ on the thermal stability of PMMA was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicate that nano‐ZrO₂ enhanced the thermal stability of the PMMA/nano‐ZrO₂ nanocomposites. The effects of the heating rate in dynamic measurements (5–30°C/min) on kinetic parameters such as apparent activation energy (E_a) in TGA both in nitrogen and air were investigated. The Kissinger method was used to determine E_a for the degradation of pure PMMA and the PMMA/nano‐ZrO₂ nanocomposites. The kinetic results show that the values of E_a for the degradation of the nanocomposites were higher than that of pure PMMA in air. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010     

Transparent PMMA/silica nanocomposites containing silica nanoparticles coating under supercritical conditions

This work reports the preparation of PMMA/silica nanocomposites with high optical transparency and enhanced mechanical properties using a melt compounding method. The surface of SiO₂ particles was modified with a γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane coupling agent in a supercritical carbon dioxide-ethanol mixture and by conventional procedure. Dispersion of silica nanoparticles in ethanol at low temperatures plays an important role in deagglomeration and dispersion of nanosilica, which leads to the optimal particle-matrix bonding in composites. The optimal mechanical and optical properties were found for composites loaded with 5 wt% silica nanoparticles treated under supercritical coating method.     

Property improvement of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) by nano‐TiO2 and poly(methyl methacrylate)–encapsulated nano‐TiO2

To improve the physical properties of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (p‐PVC), the p‐PVC nanocomposites filled with four loading levels (3, 5, 7, and 9 parts per hundred of PVC resin) of either nanosized titanium dioxide (nTiO₂) or poly(methyl methacrylate)–encapsulated nTiO₂ (PMMA‐nTiO₂) were prepared by melt mixing on a two‐roll mill, followed by compression molding. The PMMA‐nTiO₂ used in this study was synthesized via in situ differential microemulsion polymerization. The resulting PMMA‐nTiO₂ exhibited core‐shell morphology (nTiO₂ core and PMMA shell) with an average diameter of 42.6 nm. The effects of nTiO₂ and PMMA‐nTiO₂ on the tensile properties, hardness, morphology, and thermal stability of the as‐prepared p‐PVC nanocomposites were then investigated and compared. The inclusion of either nTiO₂ or PMMA‐nTiO₂ nanoparticles increased the tensile strength, Young's modulus, hardness, and thermal stability of the nanocomposites in a dose‐dependent manner and reduced the elongation at break. However, the elongation at break was still higher than that for the neat p‐PVC. Moreover, the PMMA‐nTiO₂ nanocomposites had a higher enhancement of the tensile strength, Young's modulus, hardness, and thermal stability than the nTiO₂ nanocomposites at a similar loading level. Hence, the PMMA grafted on the nTiO₂ surface played an important role in toughening and increasing the thermal stability of the nanocomposites owing to the improved miscibility and interfacial adhesion between the encapsulated nanofiller and PVC matrix. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 22:433–440, 2016. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Friction spot welding of PMMA with PMMA/silica and PMMA/silica-g-PMMA nanocomposites functionalized via ATRP

In the present study, the feasibility of Friction Spot Welding (FSpW) of a commercial-grade poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) (PMMA GS) and PMMA 6N/functionalized silica (SiO₂) nanocomposites was investigated. The silica nanoparticles were functionalized via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) with PMMA chains to achieve a uniform dispersion in the polymer matrix. The successful functionalization of silica nanoparticles with PMMA chains via ATRP was evaluated by ATR-FT-IR and TGA measurements. Rheological investigations of the silica nanocomposites showed a plateau of the storage modulus G′ at low frequencies (0.01–0.03 rad/s) as a result of elastic particle–particle interactions. Overlap friction spot welds consisting of PMMA GS and a 2 wt% SiO₂-g-PMMA nanocomposite were successfully prepared and compared to spot joints of PMMA GS welded with PMMA 6N and PMMA 6N/silica nanocomposite with 2 wt% unfunctionalized silica nanoparticles. Raman mappings of selected areas of cross-sectional plastographic specimens revealed an increased mixing behavior between the two polymer plates in the case of PMMA GS/2 wt% SiO₂-g-PMMA joints. Although the joints welded with PMMA 6N/silica nanocomposites showed a reduction of 22% in lap shear strength and 21% displacement at peak load compared with the neat PMMA spot welds, they can compete with other state-of-the-art PMMA welding techniques such as thermal bonding and ultrasonic welding, which indicates the potential of friction spot welding as an alternative fabrication technology for joining future nanocomposite engineering parts.     

Structure-property relationships of in-situ PMMA modified nano-sized antimony trioxide filled poly(vinyl chloride) nanocomposites

Nano-sized antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) particles were modified by in-situ methyl methacrylate (MMA)/Sb₂O₃ polymerization. Subsequently, these modified nanoparticles were compounded with poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) to prepare PVC/Sb₂O₃ nanocomposites. In-situ MMA/Sb₂O₃ polymerization kinetics shows that nano-Sb₂O₃ particles do not inhibit polymerization of MMA. PMMA shell covered on the surface of nano-sized Sb₂O₃ particles have enhanced interactions with PVC matrix, breaking down nano-Sb₂O₃ particle agglomerates and improving their dispersion in the matrix (average particle size of 60-80 nm) and also increasing the particle-matrix interfacial adhesion. Thus, nano-Sb₂O₃ particles reinforce and toughen PVC. It was observed that at 2.5 wt% of nano-Sb₂O₃ particles modified by in-situ PMMA optimal properties were achieved in Young's modulus, tensile yield strength, elongation at break and Charpy notched impact strength. Detailed examinations of micro-failure mechanisms of tensile specimens showed that nano-Sb₂O₃ particles acted as stress concentrators leading to debonding/voiding and deformation of the matrix material around the nanoparticles. Under impact fracture, the nano-Sb₂O₃ particles prolonged crack initiation time, and increased energy absorptions for crack initiation and fracture propagation caused by strong interfacial interaction between nanoparticles and PVC matrix. These mechanisms lead to impact toughening of the nanocomposites.     

Effect of mixture composition, nanoparticle density and sound intensity on mixing quality of nanopowders

The present work is focused on the characterization of nanoparticles mixing under sound assisted fluidization. In particular, the effects of mixture composition, primary particles density and sound intensity on the mixing quality have been pointed out. The effect of the relative amount of the two powders has been investigated using Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃ nanopowders and carrying out tests at fixed acoustic field (130 dB-120 Hz) and varying the mixture composition (17, 50 and 77 wt% of Fe₂O₃). Whereas, the effect of nanoparticles density has been studied performing mixing tests between two denser powders, ZrO₂ and CuO, at fixed mixture composition (50 wt% of ZrO₂) and acoustic field (130 dB-120 Hz), and comparing the results with those obtained with the two lighter powders (Al₂O₃ and Fe₂O₃). Moreover, tests between ZrO₂ and CuO have also been carried out at different sound intensities (130 and 140 dB), at a fixed frequency and mixture composition, in order to highlight the influence of SPL. Both the “global” and the “local” mixing between two different powders have been investigated by means of the Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDS) analysis of captured samples, in order to obtain the time dependence of the mixing degree, its asymptotic value and the mixing characteristic time.     

A Decorative Construction Material Prepared by Making Use of Marble Waste Granules and PMMA/SiO2 Nanocomposites

Innovative nanocomposite acrylic sheets incorporated with marble waste granules (MWG) were prepared by free radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA). The study of physicomechanical properties showed an improvement of adhesion between PMMA/SiO₂ nanocomposites and (MWG). The introduction of SiO₂ nanoparticles induced an extraordinary improvement of the abrasion resistance of PMMA matrix. The modulii of elasticities, maximum strain, impact absorbed energy and scratch resistance are explained on the basis of (MWG) porosity and adhesion. The manufactured nanocomposite sheets are cost effective in comparison with natural marble and possess the ability to have wide range of wonderful colors due to the inclusion of marble stones in a polymer matrix. In addition, the sheets display other specific properties such as light weight, color stability, electric insulation, low flammability, low water absorption and excellent mechanical properties.     

Surface modification of Cr2O3 nanoparticles with 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS). Part 1: Studying the mechanical properties of polyurethane/Cr2O3 nanocomposites

The surface of Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles was modified with various amounts of 3-amino propyl trimethoxy silane (APTMS). Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), turbidimeter and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were utilized in order to investigate APTMS grafting on the nanoparticles. Then, polyurethane nanocomposites were prepared using various loadings of silane modified Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles. The nanoparticles dispersion in the coating matrix was studied by a field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and tensile test were utilized in order to investigate the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. Results obtained from FTIR, TGA and turbidimeter measurements revealed that the organic functional groups of the silane were successfully grafted on the surface of the nanoparticles. The mechanical properties of the polyurethane were significantly enhanced using 2 wt% Cr₂O₃ nanoparticles modified with 0.43 g silane/5 g pigment compared with other samples.     

The influence of ZrO2 additive on sintering and microstructure of lithium and lithium-titanium-zinc ferrites

The effect of ZrO₂ addition (0–3?wt%) on sintering and microstructure of lithium and lithium-titanium-zinc ferrites was studied. The Vickers hardness and dc electrical resistivity were investigated and discussed in correlation with the structural properties. Ferrite powders with the chemical compositions of LiFe₅O₈ and Li_0.65Fe_1.6Ti_0.5Zn_0.2Mn_0.05O₄ were prepared by the conventional ceramic technique. The synthesized ferrites were doped with various amount of ZrO₂ and then were sintered at 1050?°C for 2?h. Dilatometric studies showed that the zirconia addition affects the densification process of ferrite ceramics so that the shrinkage rate of pressed ferrite powders during their heating decreased with an increase in ZrO₂ content. The bulk density of the sintered ferrites varied slightly as the concentration of the additive was increased from 0 to 2?wt%, while the density of ferrite doped with 3?wt% ZrO₂ significantly decreased. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses showed that the lattice parameter of ferrites increases and their average grain size decreases as the additive content grows. It was established that small amounts of ZrO₂ additive (up to 2?wt%) improve significantly the hardness and the electrical resistivity of ferrites.     

Water-Based PMMA-Nano-CaCO3 Nanocomposites by In Situ Polymerization Technique: Synthesis,Characterization and Mechanical Properties

Water-based nanocomposite was synthesized using in-situ polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate. Nano-CaCO₃ was added during polymerization along with aqueous solution of surfactant. Quantity of nano-CaCO₃ was varied as 0, 2 and 4% of monomer quantity. XRD gram shows the presence of nano-CaCO₃, which causes the crystalline nature to nanocomposites. TEM images of nano-CaCO₃ show cubic structure. Synthesis of nanocomposite follows pseudo–first-order kinetics polymerization. PMMA-4% CaCO₃ nanocomposite showed significant improvement in UV absorbance and in mechanical properties like adhesion, scratch resistance as compared to neat PMMA and 2% CaCO₃ nanocomposite.     

Thermo-oxidative stability of poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(methyl methacrylate)-grafted SiO2 nanocomposites

Thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA-grafted SiO₂ and PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanocomposites was investigated by conventional non-isothermal gravimetric technique. It was interesting to find that PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited higher thermo-oxidative stability than that of PMMA. The apparent activation energy of PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanoparticles increased with the grafting ratio of PMMA from SiO₂, which was estimated by Kissinger method. This indicates that the strong interactions existing between the grafted chains are responsible for the enhanced thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanoparticles. However, the grafting ratio of PMMA from SiO₂ in nanoparticles has only limited effect on the thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanocomposites due to a much lower content of grafted PMMA in the nanoparticles relative to PMMA. The increased thermo-oxidative stability of PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanocomposites is possibly resulted from the increased SiO₂ content in the nanocomposites, in which the grafting ratio of PMMA in PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanoparticles is kept almost as a constant. The glass transition temperature (T _g) of PMMA/PMMA-grafted SiO₂ nanocomposites is about 25 °C and is higher than that of PMMA. The grafting ratio of PMMA from SiO₂ in the nanoparticles has no qualitative effects on the T _g of the nanocomposites.     

Morphology and Thermal Stability of Electrically Conducting Nanocomposites Prepared by Sulfosalicylic Acid Micelles Assisted Polymerization of Aniline in Presence of ZrO2 Nanoparticles

Electrically conductive polyaniline (Pani)/zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), HCl and different amounts of ZrO₂ nanoparticles. Pani/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The stability of the nanocomposites in terms of DC electrical conductivity retention was also studied in ambient atmosphere by isothermal ageing and cyclic ageing techniques. Pani/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were observed to be more conducting than Pani but showed poorer stability in terms of DC electrical conductivity retention under ambient environmental conditions.     

Micromechanical properties of hydroxyapatite nanocomposites reinforced with CNTs and ZrO2

This study examined the mechanical properties, wettability, and tribology of hydroxyapatite (HA)–zirconia (ZrO₂)–carbon nanotube (CNTs) ceramic nanocomposites (with various CNT ratios (x): 1, 5, and 10 wt%). HA–ZrO₂–CNT-x powders were hydrothermally synthesized. Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) and cold isostatic pressing were used to manufacture solid and dense tablets; consolidation was performed by sintering the nanocomposites under Ar gas at 1150 °C during HIP. The microstructure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized via transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffractometry, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy. The effects of ZrO₂ and CNTs on the mechanical characteristics of the nanocomposites were examined via nanoindentation, reciprocating wear, and Vickers hardness tests. The microhardness of HA–ZrO₂–CNT-1% and HA–ZrO₂–CNT-5% increased by 36.8% and 66.67%, respectively, compared with that of pure HA. The nanohardness of the HA–ZrO₂–CNT-1%, HA–ZrO₂–CNT-5%, and HA–ZrO₂–CNT-10% samples was 8.3, 9.65, and 8.02 Gpa, and the corresponding elastic modulus was 83.72, 114.34, and 89.27 GPa, respectively. Both of these parameters were higher than those of pure HA. However, in the nanocomposite reinforced with 10% CNT, as opposed to those with lower CNT ratios, their values were lower. Additionally, HA–ZrO₂–CNT-10% was the most hydrophilic nanocomposite synthesized in this study with a contact angle of 48.8°.