纳米氧化镁的制备及降解性能

以六水氯化镁和氨水为主要原料制备纳米氧化镁,通过正交试验考察了Mg²⁺浓度、分散剂PEG-400用量、反应温度、陈化时间和缓冲剂冰醋酸的用量5个因素对晶粒粒径的影响,确定了纳米氧化镁的最佳工艺参数：缓冲剂冰醋酸用量为0.015 mol,Mg²⁺浓度为0.4 mol/L, 分散剂用量为5 mL,反应温度为60 ℃,反应时间为0 h,煅烧温度为550 ℃,煅烧时间为2 h。分析了单因素对纳米氧化镁晶粒的影响。选用对氧磷测试纳米氧化镁的吸附降解性,1 μL的对氧磷在5 min内被0.4 g氧化镁降解吸附了99.19%。1 g纳米氧化镁可降解吸附对氧磷194.9 mg。     

固体消毒剂过氧化尿素湿法合成

通过考察反应物配比、反应温度、反应时间、稳定剂种类及其用量等因素对湿法制备过氧化尿素实验的影响,确定了过氧化尿素合成的最佳条件为：过氧化氢与尿素的物料配比(摩尔比)1.1:1,反应温度30℃以下,以低温为宜,反应时间50 min,稳定剂水杨酸的加入量为尿素质量的0.5%. 该条件比文献报道的低温反应易实施,且合成过程中过氧化氢损失很少. 针对合成过氧化尿素后母液的回收利用,提出了减压蒸馏实现母液过氧化氢循环的闭路新工艺路线,依据测定的50℃过氧化氢-尿素-水体系相平衡数据所绘相图,对新工艺进行了讨论.     

沉淀转化法制备不同粒径的纳米氧化镁

以氧化镁和碳酸铵为原料,采用沉淀转化法研究了不同粒径纳米氧化镁的制备,讨论了加料方式、反应物配比、反应温度、煅烧温度等条件对其粒径的影响。实验结果表明:用沉淀转化法制备出不同粒径的纳米氧化镁颗粒;加料方式对纳米氧化镁的平均粒径有影响,滴加加料法比一次加料法制备的氧化镁粒径大;反应条件对粒径也有显著影响,反应物配比越大,纳米氧化镁粒径越大;反应温度越高,其粒径越小;煅烧温度越高,其粒径越大。     

江西弋阳蛇纹石硫酸浸出过程工艺条件的优化研究

文章在常压、较低温度(<100℃)下,开展了江西弋阳蛇纹石硫酸浸出工艺条件的研究.以蛇纹石中氧化镁的浸出率为主要考察指标,通过单因素条件实验和正交实验,分别考察了蛇纹石酸浸反应温度、酸浸反应时间、硫酸溶液质量浓度、液固比等因素的变化对蛇纹石中氧化镁浸出率的影响,所得较佳的工艺条件为:酸浸反应温度95℃、酸浸反应时间5h...     

水合氯化镁焙烧得到的氧化镁的水化研究

通过正交试验,考察反应温度、反应时间、氧化镁与反应液的固液比、水化剂对水合氯化镁焙烧得到的氧化镁水化的影响.采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、氮气吸附来表征产品.实验结果表明,氧化镁水化的最优组合是:反应温度为90℃,反应时间为4h,固液质量体积比为0.1 g/mL,水化剂采用氯化镁.水化剂、反应温度和反应时间对氧化镁水化的影响较大.反应温度升高,氧化镁的水化率增加;反应时间越长,氧化镁的水化率越高.反应温度对比表面积的影响比反应时间的影响大,而且70℃时得到的产品的比表面积最大,90℃时次之,50℃时最小.在常压条件下通过氧化镁水化制备高质量的氢氧化镁是比较困难的.     

球形纳米氧化钇的制备与表征

以尿素为沉淀剂,硝酸钇为钇源,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为分散剂,采用均相沉淀法制备球形纳米氧化钇粉体,研究了反应物浓度比、表面活性剂用量、反应时间、搅拌转速、反应温度对氧化钇形貌及粒径的影响。通过激光粒度分析、X射线衍射（XRD）分析、扫描电镜（SEM）分析、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）分析等手段对样品进行表征。结果表明,反应物浓度比、反应时间、搅拌转速、反应温度会影响粉体的尺寸,适量CTAB的加入可显著降低氧化钇的粒径;在最佳工艺条件下,可制得粒径大小为110~130 nm的球形氧化钇粉体。     

撞击流反应-沉淀法制备纳米氧化镍

在浸没循环撞击流反应器中,以NiCl2、NH4HCO3为原料,采用液-液相反应沉淀法制备了纳米NiO,并对产品进行了X射线衍射(XRD)和电子透射显微镜(TEM)表征。探讨了反应物浓度、反应温度、反应时间及原料配比对收率的影响,初步确定制备纳米NiO较适宜的工艺条件为:NiCl2的摩尔浓度0.20mol·L-1,反应温度是50℃,反应时间为90min,NH4HCO3与NiCl2的摩尔比为2.0,此条件下收率为90.14%。XRD和TEM表征表明产品成分为NiO,平均粒径40nm。     

撞击流反应-沉淀法制备纳米氧化镍

在浸没循环撞击流反应器中,以氯化镍、碳酸氢铵为原料,采用液．液相反应沉淀法制备了纳米氧化镍,并对产品进行了X射线衍射（XRD）和电子透射显微镜（TEM）表征。探讨了反应物浓度、反应温度、反应时间及原料配比对收率的影响,初步确定制备纳米氧化镍较适宜的工艺条件为：氯化镍的摩尔浓度0．20mol／L,反应温度是50℃,反应时间为90min,碳铵与氯化镍的摩尔比为2．仉此条件下收率为90．14％．XRD和TEM表征表明产品成分为NiO,平均粒径40nm。     

共沉淀法制备纳米氧化镁的研究

以氯化镁与碳酸钠为原料,采用共沉淀法,研究了反应溶液的pH值、反应物浓度、反应温度、反应时间和煅烧温度对制备纳米氧化镁粉体的影响,通过透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)对样品的性能进行测试,获得纳米氧化镁平均粒径约12 nm,且分布较均匀.     

碱式氯化镁纳米棒的制备和表征

以六水氯化镁和轻质氧化镁为原料,采用液相法制备出直径约100nm,长径比大于100的碱式氯化镁单晶纳米棒。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和选区电子衍射(SAED)对产物进行了分析与表征,考察了氯化镁溶液的初始浓度、氧化镁与氯化镁的物质的量比、反应温度、陈化时间、陈化温度和溶剂等物质的量参数对产品形貌的影响,得到的最佳工艺条件为:氯化镁溶液的初始浓度为4mol/L,氧化镁与氯化镁的物质的量比为0.07,反应温度为50℃,陈化时间为48h,陈化温度为20℃,乙醇与水的混合溶液(溶剂)的体积比为2.5:1。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。