N,Al共掺杂TiO_2纳米材料的制备及其可见光降解葛根素

采用固相反应法合成了Al掺杂TiO2(Al-TiO2)及N与Al共掺杂TiO2(N-Al-TiO2)纳米材料,采用XRD、SEM、UV-Vis DRS、XPS、Raman以及N2吸附-脱附等手段对材料进行了物相结构表征。同时考察了可见光辐照下催化剂对葛根素降解性能。N-Al-TiO2纳米材料的微观形貌为短棒形;氮以阴离子(N3-)形式取代氧进入TiO2晶格,形成N—Ti键,Al3+以同晶取代方式占据TiO2晶格中Ti的位置;其表面N、Al、Ti及O的原子百分比组成(%)分别为7.8、3.6、32.7和55.9;并对葛根素显示出很高的可见光降解活性,2 h对葛根素的降解率达92.7%。3种材料对葛根素的吸附容量与其对葛根素的可见光降解能力一致,依次为N-Al-TiO2>纯TiO2>Al-TiO。     

N和Al共掺杂TiO2粉体的固相合成及可见光降解性能

采用固相反应法合成了N与Al共掺杂TiO2(N-Al-TiO2)粉体材料,利用XRD,UV-Vis,N2吸附及XPS等对其进行了物相织构表征,并研究了可见光辐照下催化剂对中性红的降解性能.结果表明,N和Al均进入TiO2晶格或晶格间隙,材料表面不仅存在替位取代形成的N-Ti-O与Ti-O-Al键,且存在间隙掺杂形成的T...     

固相合成N/Fe共掺杂TiO2及可见光降解葛根素

采用简单固相反应法分别合成了铁掺杂二氧化钛(Fe-TiO2)及氮和铁共掺杂二氧化钛(N/Fe-TiO2)光催化粉体材料,并对材料进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见光光谱(UV-Vis)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等物相结构及元素组成表征,同时研究了材料对葛根素的可见光降解性能.结果表明,N和Fe进入了TiO2晶格,...     

水热法低温制备N掺杂TiO2可见光催化剂

为满足低温制备N掺杂TiO2可见光催化材料的需要,采用水热法制备TiO2纳米晶溶胶,再与三乙胺（TEA）直接反应制备N掺杂TiO2可见光催化剂。通过UV—Vis漫反射吸收光谱和亚甲基兰（MB）的可见光降解实验,分析比较普通方法制的TiO2纳米材料、水热法低温制得未掺N和掺N的TiO2纳米材料,发现掺N的TiO2使吸收带红移,光降解效果较前两者好。XPS分析表明,是成功掺杂N原子的TiO2结果,可能原因是N取代了部分晶格中的O,N原子的2p轨道位于O原子的2p轨道之上,从而使得价带和导带间的能量带隙变窄,引起吸收带红移,产生明显的可见光吸收。     

表面活性剂对材料微结构与光催化性能的调控

为探讨不同性质表面活性剂对材料结构的影响,以4种常用的表面活性剂为模板,在相同的条件下制备出性能各异的铝掺杂二氧化钛（Al-TiO2）粉体材料。并对材料的微结构和组成进行了表征与分析。结果表明,表面活性剂疏水基团所含碳原子数与Al-TiO2粉体的微晶尺寸呈负相关性,与晶格应力呈正相关性。表面活性剂诱导Al3 进入TiO2晶格的质量分数越大,晶格应力越大。Al-TiO2粉体材料的可见光降解吡啶的性能主要是由表面活性剂本身特定的分子结构及其所导致的氧空位浓度大小来决定,而不是能带间隙的宽窄来决定。阴离子表面活性剂对材料的微结构有很大的调控作用,其中SDS为最大;阳离子表面活性剂CTAB次之,两性表面活性剂对材料性能的调控没有优异表现。     

自燃烧法合成氮、铁共掺杂TiO2及其可见光光催化活性

以硫酸钛、硝酸铁、尿素为原料,采用自燃烧法制备了氮、铁共掺杂的纳米TiO2粉体.XRD结果显示氮、铁共掺杂的纳米TiO2主要为锐钛矿相.当氮、铁共掺杂时,二氧化钛光谱吸收红移至可见区.XPS结果表明:铁进入TiO2的晶格中形成浅势,氮则取代氧原子形成了N-Ti键,它们的形成降低了二氧化钛的带隙,从而提高了可见光区的光催化能力.当氮、铁对钛的物质的量比分别为0.5%和0.6%时,其在可见光下降解亚甲基蓝的降解率分别是单掺杂和纯TiO2的1.4和3倍.     

表面活性剂对铝掺杂二氧化钛粉体材料微结构与光催化性能的调控

为探讨不同性质表面活性剂对材料结构的影响,以4种常用的表面活性剂为模板,在相同的条件下制备出性能各异的铝掺杂二氧化钛(Al-TiO2)粉体材料。并对材料的微结构和组成进行了表征与分析。结果表明,表面活性剂疏水基团所含碳原子数与Al-TiO2粉体的微晶尺寸呈负相关性,与晶格应力呈正相关性。表面活性剂诱导Al3+进入TiO2晶格的质量分数越大,晶格应力越大。Al-TiO2粉体材料的可见光降解吡啶的性能主要是由表面活性剂本身特定的分子结构及其所导致的氧空位浓度大小来决定,而不是能带间隙的宽窄来决定。阴离子表面活性剂对材料的微结构有很大的调控作用,其中SDS为最大;阳离子表面活性剂CTAB次之,两性表面活性剂对材料性能的调控没有优异表现。     

S掺杂TiO_2/粉煤灰复合材料的制备及光催化性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,粉煤灰为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法制备了掺杂不同质量分数S的TiO2/粉煤灰复合纳米材料。用红外光谱(IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等测试手段对其进行了表征,以甲基橙的降解为模型反应,评价了试样光催化活性。结果表明,掺杂TiO2/粉煤灰具备较高可见光催化活性,原因是掺杂的硫取代TiO2中的晶格氧形成Ti—S键,使TiO2的带隙能窄化引起对可见光的响应,增强催化剂对可见光的吸收,与未掺杂的TiO2/粉煤灰相比较,掺杂负载型二氧化钛催化剂能够获得更高的光催化活性。     

W、N和C共掺杂TiO2催化剂的制备及其光解水析氢性能（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

采用湿化学法制备了W、N、C三元共掺杂TiO2光催化材料,并采用了X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱和紫外–可见光漫反射仪对其进行表征。结果表明：W以＋6价方式取代Ti进入TiO2晶格,而N和C则以间隙方式进入TiO2晶格。W、N、C三元共掺杂可减小TiO2带隙（约3.0 e V）,增强TiO2对紫外可见光吸收能力,有效地提高了其光解水析氢性能。W、N、C三元共掺杂TiO2光催化材料显示出较优异的光解水析氢性能。     

氮铈共掺杂纳米TiO2的制备和光催化活性研究

采用水解沉淀法分别制备了未掺杂、氮掺杂和不同Ce^4＋浓度的氮、铈共掺杂纳米二氧化钛粉体,并利用XRD、TEM、XPS、UV-vis对其进行表征,以甲基橙的光催化降解为模型反应,考察其在太阳光下的光催化活性。结果表明,450℃下煅烧3h制备的纳米TiO2粉体均为锐态矿型,铈的掺入使衍射峰宽化;氮、铈共掺杂能抑制锐钛矿晶粒的生长,减少团聚,使晶粒细化。N取代了TiO2晶格中的部分氧原子形成N2p掺杂能级,而铈以Ce^4＋、Ce^4＋两种价态存在于TiO2中。氮、铈的协同作用不仅使TiO2的光吸收带边红移,也能明显提高TiO2在紫外光区的吸收强度。光催化降解甲基橙实验结果表明：当掺杂量为0．6％时,Ce-N-TiO2的光催化效率最高,约为纯二氧化钛的2倍。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。