基于植物质还原的银纳米颗粒的制备及在织物抗菌整理上的应用

纳米银是以纳米技术为基础研制而成的新型抗菌产品,由于量子效应和尺寸效应具有普通银系抗菌剂无法比拟的抗菌效果。本研究以黄芩、丁香、洋浦桃、芳樟4种植物质提取液制备银纳米颗粒,并借助于UV-Vis、TEM以及XRD对产物进行表征,结果表明增加植物质提取液浓度或增大NaOH加入量,均有利于制得粒径较小的银纳米颗粒。SEM图片表明采用浸渍法可将所得纳米银颗粒负载于纯棉织物上,通过考察浸渍时间、温度、浴比对织物上载银量的影响,确定较优的浸渍条件为时间30 h,温度55℃,浴比为1:25。分别考察了银纳米颗粒粒径和植物质种类对所得载银织物抗菌性能的影响,发现负载到织物上的纳米银粒径越小,织物抑菌效果越好;利用本身具有抑菌效果的黄芩、丁香来制备银纳米颗粒,有利于增强所得载银织物的整体抗菌性能;4种植物质中以黄芩制得的载银织物抗菌效果最优,对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌等实验菌株均有强烈的抑制作用。     

植物还原法制备Au-Ag合金纳米材料及其拉曼应用

以菠萝蜜叶提取液作为保护剂和还原剂制备金银合金纳米颗粒,在333 K和363 K时制备的合金纳米颗粒的金与银的组成比分别约为3：1和1：1。采用紫外-可见分光光度法分别测定金与银纳米颗粒的成核生长动力学,温度对银的成核生长影响更加明显,在363 K时两者成核生长速度相差不到2倍,容易形成比例相当的合金纳米颗粒。对提取液中植物分子反应前后红外分析,得出333 K时有部分银离子没有完全还原而使得合金中相应含量比例较低。而组成约为1：1的合金纳米颗粒在罗丹明的检测中显示出较强的拉曼增强效应。     

植物还原法制备Au-Ag合金纳米材料及其拉曼应用

以菠萝蜜叶提取液作为保护剂和还原剂制备金银合金纳米颗粒,在333 K和363 K时制备的合金纳米颗粒的金与银的组成比分别约为3:1和1:1。采用紫外-可见分光光度法分别测定金与银纳米颗粒的成核生长动力学,温度对银的成核生长影响更加明显,在363 K时两者成核生长速度相差不到2倍,容易形成比例相当的合金纳米颗粒。对提取液中植物分子反应前后红外分析,得出333 K时有部分银离子没有完全还原而使得合金中相应含量比例较低。而组成约为1:1的合金纳米颗粒在罗丹明的检测中显示出较强的拉曼增强效应。     

化纤应用及处理

TQ340.6520133243用于制备生物活性聚酯的甲壳质和载银甲壳质纳米颗粒的合成及其特性Ali S.Wazed…;Carbohydrate Polymers,2011,83(2),p.438(英)文章聚焦于甲壳质纳米颗粒(CSN)的合成,通过与三聚磷酸钠进行离子型凝胶反应,随后加载银离子,生产载银甲壳质纳米颗粒(Ag-CSN)。载银的目的是在纳米颗粒成形过程中强化甲壳质的抗菌性,这样,当其被应用于聚酯织物时可提高杀菌性。CSN和Ag-CSN的平均颗粒尺寸分别是115nm和165nm。     

石墨烯携载无机纳米粒子的制备及拉曼性能研究

通过原位复合的方法,在石墨烯片层间掺杂纳米银颗粒,制备出石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)。利用紫外吸收光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、XRD、拉曼光谱等对氧化石墨烯(GO)、还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)进行表征。发现复合材料中的银对石墨烯/银材料有拉曼增强作用,结合TEM对这种增强作用进行研究,发现银颗粒的团聚对这种增强作用有减弱作用。     

Ag/SiO_2复合颗粒的溶胶-凝胶法制备与表征

采用溶胶-凝胶法(Sol-gel)制备了不同形貌结构的纳米掺银复合颗粒.分析了掺银二氧化硅复合颗粒的形成机理,并采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外(FT-IR)及紫外可见(UV-Vis)光谱仪等手段对Ag/SiO_2复合颗粒的形貌结构进行了表征和分析.结果表明:复合颗粒(290 nm)尺寸均匀,近似球状,银颗粒(4 nm)均匀分布在二氧化硅表面,硅烷偶联剂KH-550影响了银粒子在复合颗粒中的分布状态,对Si-O-Si网络结构也有一定的影响,同时有效抑制了复合颗粒的团簇程度.     

石墨烯携载无机纳米粒子的制备及拉曼性能研究

通过原位复合的方法,在石墨烯片层间掺杂纳米银颗粒,制备出石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)。利用紫外吸收光谱、傅里叶红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、XRD、拉曼光谱等对氧化石墨烯(GO)、还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)和石墨烯/银纳米杂化材料(RGO/Ag)进行表征。发现复合材料中的银对石墨烯/银材料有拉曼增强作用,结合TEM对这种增强作用进行研究,发现银颗粒的团聚对这种增强作用有减弱作用。     

PVP作为保护剂制备Ag纳米粒子

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂和保护剂,分别用乙醇和高分子化合物聚乙烯醇(PVA)作还原剂制备银纳米粒子,通过控制反应时间、PVP和PVA的含量及硝酸银的浓度,在90℃回流条件下得到纳米银颗粒。采用红外光谱对聚合物结构进行表征,紫外-可见光谱表征反应物浓度对制备银纳米粒子尺寸分布的影响,扫描电镜观察纳米粒子和聚合物网络形貌,X射线衍射分析银纳米粒子的晶体结构。     

针状氧化锌晶须的银纳米颗粒修饰及其表征

以硝酸锌和氢氧化钠为主要原料,借助表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠,在低温水热条件下制备了氧化锌.以该氧化锌为基体,葡萄糖为还原剂,通过磁力搅拌的方式,将溶液中的银离子还原为银颗粒修饰氧化锌.所得氧化锌和修饰后的氧化锌经X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)表征,结果表明:氧化锌是一种针状的纳米晶须;修饰后的氧化锌银颗粒很好地附着在其表面,为纳米尺寸.讨论了银纳米颗粒修饰针状氧化锌晶须的可能机制.     

毕赤酵母提取液还原制备银纳米颗粒

采用毕赤酵母的提取液与银氨溶液反应制备银纳米颗粒(AgNPs),并考察了pH值对AgNPs的影响.结果表明:酸性条件下,反应速率缓慢,且生成的AgNPs呈多分散性;在一定范围内(pH值小于12.50),碱性条件有利于提高反应速率,且随着pH值的提高,AgNPs粒径分布变窄;当pH值继续提高(pH值为12.80),AgNPs发生团聚沉淀.     

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts

The strategy for design of new nanometals was developed due to their wide applications in many fields. One of the most important nanometals is silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) because of their extensive applications in biotechnology and biomedical fields. AgNPs were usually synthesized by using chemical and physical methods. In the chemical methods, various toxic chemicals are used, which are harmful to the health of living organisms. Therefore, the AgNPs were synthesized by using biological methods based on green chemistry for reducing the toxic chemicals. There are various resources for green synthesis of AgNPs, such as bacteria, fungi, enzyme and plant extracts. The green synthesis of AgNPs involves three main steps: the selection of the solvent medium, the selection of environmentally reducing agents, and the selection of non-toxic substances for the stability of AgNPs. The biosynthesis of AgNPs using plant extracts is more favorable than other biological methods because of removing the elaborate process of maintaining cell cultures. It can be also suitably scaled up for large scale production of AgNPs. This review focuses on green synthesis of AgNPs using various plant extracts.     

Potential of Silver Nanoparticles in Overcoming the Intrinsic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to Secondary Metabolites from Carnivorous Plants

Carnivorous plants are exemplary natural sources of secondary metabolites with biological activity. However, the therapeutic antimicrobial potential of these compounds is limited due to intrinsic resistance of selected bacterial pathogens, among which Pseudomonas aeruginosa represents an extreme example. The objective of the study was to overcome the intrinsic resistance of P. aeruginosa by combining silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with secondary metabolites from selected carnivorous plant species. We employed the broth microdilution method, the checkerboard titration technique and comprehensive phytochemical analyses to define interactions between nanoparticles and active compounds from carnivorous plants. It has been confirmed that P. aeruginosa is resistant to a broad range of secondary metabolites from carnivorous plants, i.e., naphthoquinones, flavonoids, phenolic acids (MBC = 512 µg mL⁻¹) and only weakly sensitive to their mixtures, i.e., extracts and extracts’ fractions. However, it was shown that the antimicrobial activity of extracts and fractions with a significant level of naphthoquinone (plumbagin) was significantly enhanced by AgNPs. Our studies clearly demonstrated a crucial role of naphthoquinones in AgNPs and extract interaction, as well as depicted the potential of AgNPs to restore the bactericidal activity of naphthoquinones towards P. aeruginosa. Our findings indicate the significant potential of nanoparticles to modulate the activity of selected secondary metabolites and revisit their antimicrobial potential towards human pathogenic bacteria.     

In vivo synthesis of nanomaterials in plants: location of silver nanoparticles and plant metabolism

Metallic nanoparticles (MeNPs) can be formed in living plants by reduction of the metal ions absorbed as soluble salts. It is very likely that plant metabolism has an important role in MeNP biosynthesis. The in vivo formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was observed in Brassica juncea, Festuca rubra and Medicago sativa. Plants were grown in Hoagland''s solution for 30 days and then exposed for 24 h to a solution of 1,000 ppm AgNO₃. In the leaf extracts of control plants, the concentrations of glucose, fructose, ascorbic acid, citric acid and total polyphenols were determined. Total Ag content in plant fractions was determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. Despite the short exposure time, the Ag uptake and translocation to plant leaves was very high, reaching 6,156 and 2,459 mg kg⁻¹ in B. juncea and F. rubra, respectively. Ultrastructural analysis was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and AgNPs were detected by TEM X-ray microanalysis. TEM images of plant fractions showed the in vivo formation of AgNPs in the roots, stems and leaves of the plants. In the roots, AgNPs were present in the cortical parenchymal cells, on the cell wall of the xylem vessels and in regions corresponding to the pits. In leaf tissues, AgNPs of different sizes and shapes were located close to the cell wall, as well as in the cytoplasm and within chloroplasts. AgNPs were not observed in the phloem of the three plant species. This is the first report of AgNP synthesis in living plants of F. rubra. The contents of reducing sugars and antioxidant compounds, proposed as being involved in the biosynthesis of AgNPs, were quite different between the species, thus suggesting that it is unlikely that a single substance is responsible for this process.

MSC 2010

92 Biology and other natural sciences; 92Cxx Physiological, cellular and medical topics; 92C80 Plant biology     

Development of silver nanoparticles‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds for use as wound dressings

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were developed to sustain and maintain the release of silver (Ag⁺) ions over an extended time period. The UV irradiation technique was used to reduce Ag⁺ ions in alginate solution to AgNPs. The average sizes of AgNPs ranged between ca 20 and ca 22 nm. The AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads were prepared by electrospraying of a sodium alginate solution containing AgNPs into calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution. The AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads were then embedded into gelatin scaffolds. The release characteristics of Ag⁺ ions from both the AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads and the AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were determined in either deionized water or phosphate buffer solution at 37 °C for 7 days. Moreover, the AgNPs‐loaded calcium alginate beads embedded in gelatin scaffolds were tested for their antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

抑制非酶糖基化反应体外实验方法的建立及应用

通过单因素实验对体外非酶糖基化(NEG)反应条件进行研究,确定NEG反应的较佳实验条件为:100 mL磷酸缓冲液中依次加入1.7 g的牛血清白蛋白和1.0 g的乙二醛,添加0.2 g叠氮化钠防腐,在37℃下恒温孵育72 h,产物的较佳荧光检测条件为激发波长440 nm,狭缝10 nm,发射波长480 nm,狭缝10 nm,检测范围460～600 nm。采用该实验方法对12种植物提取物进行抑制NEG功效评价,结果表明,茶多酚、马齿苋提取物和厚朴提取物对NEG的抑制率分别可达99.5%,99.0%和97.6%,通过马齿苋提取物和厚朴提取物的人体功效评价,体外抑制NEG实验方法筛选结果与人体皮肤色度LAB值测试结果具有一致性。     

Preparation of AgNPs/PS composite via reverse microemulsion polymerization

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized in reverse microemulsions using silver nitrate as silver source, hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent, n‐heptane as oil phase, cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as surfactant, and isoamyl alcohol as cosurfactant. A uniform silver nanoparticles/polystyrene (AgNPs/PS) composite was further prepared by a reverse microemulsion polymerization method. The morphologies and structures of the AgNPs and the AgNPs/PS composite were characterized by UV‐visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, the molecular weight of the AgNPs/PS composite was measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and the thermal stability of the AgNPs/PS composite was determined by thermal gravimetric (TG) analysis. Results show that the AgNPs have a particle size of 3–10 nm, and are almost spherical, uniform, and monodisperse both in a AgNPs colloid and in the AgNPs/PS composite. There are no characteristic peaks of silver oxide in the synthetic AgNPs and AgNPs/PS composite. The AgNPs/PS composite has a better thermal stability and a higher molecular weight than virgin PS. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:1325–1329, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

In situ assembly of well-dispersed Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) on electrospun carbon nanofibers (CNFs) for catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol

Carbon nanofibers/silver nanoparticles (CNFs/AgNPs) composite nanofibers were fabricated by two steps consisting of the preparation of the CNFs by electrospinning and the hydrothermal growth of the AgNPs on the CNFs. The as-prepared nanofibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, resonant Raman spectra, thermal gravimetric and differential thermal analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The results indicated that not only were AgNPs (25-50 nm) successfully grown on the CNFs but also the AgNPs were distributed without aggregation on the CNFs. Further more, by adjusting the parameters in hydrothermal processing, the content of silver supported on the CNFs could be easily controlled. The catalytic activities of the CNFs/AgNPs composite nanofibers to the reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) with NaBH(4) were tracked by UV-visible spectroscopy. It was suggested that the CNFs/AgNPs composite nanofibers exhibited high catalytic activity in the reduction of 4-NP, which might be attributed to the high surface areas of AgNPs and synergistic effect on delivery of electrons between CNFs and AgNPs. And, the catalytic efficiency was enhanced with the increasing of the content of silver on the CNFs/AgNPs composite nanofibers. Notably, the CNFs/AgNPs composite nanofibers could be easily recycled due to their one-dimensional nanostructural property.     

几种中药的美白作用研究

研究了黄芩、虎杖和地榆等中药提取物对B16黑色素细胞的增殖、细胞内酪氨酸酶活性及黑色素合成的影响。结果显示,各中药提取物能不同程度地抑制细胞增殖,对细胞内酪氨酸酶活性有明显抑制作用,能明显减少细胞内黑色素的含量。人体皮肤实验表明,用这几种中药制备的护肤品有较好的美白效果。本研究提示,这几种中药具有良好的美白功能,是较为理想的化妆品美白添加剂。     

Silver Nanoparticles Impair Cognitive Functions and Modify the Hippocampal Level of Neurotransmitters in a Coating-Dependent Manner

Due to their potent antibacterial properties, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industry and medicine. However, they can cross the brain–blood barrier, posing a risk to the brain and its functions. In our previous study, we demonstrated that oral administration of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated AgNPs caused an impairment in spatial memory in a dose-independent manner. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AgNPs coating material on cognition, spatial memory functioning, and neurotransmitter levels in rat hippocampus. AgNPs coated with BSA (AgNPs(BSA)), polyethylene glycol (AgNPs(PEG)), or citrate (AgNPs(Cit)) or silver ions (Ag⁺) were orally administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg b.w. to male Wistar rats for a period of 28 days, while the control (Ctrl) rats received 0.2 mL of water. The acquisition and maintenance of spatial memory related to place avoidance were assessed using the active allothetic place avoidance task, in which rats from AgNPs(BSA), AgNPs(PEG), and Ag⁺ groups performed worse than the Ctrl rats. In the retrieval test assessing long-term memory, only rats from AgNPs(Cit) and Ctrl groups showed memory maintenance. The analysis of neurotransmitter levels indicated that the ratio between serotonin and dopamine concentration was disturbed in the AgNPs(BSA) rats. Furthermore, treatment with AgNPs or Ag⁺ resulted in the induction of peripheral inflammation, which was reflected by the alterations in the levels of serum inflammatory mediators. In conclusion, depending on the coating material used for their stabilization, AgNPs induced changes in memory functioning and concentration of neurotransmitters.