化学共沉淀法制备纳米铋掺杂氧化锡

以SnCl4.5H2O和Bi(NO3)3.5H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了铋掺杂氧化锡(BTO)纳米粉体,考察了反应温度、滴定终点pH、铋掺杂量、煅烧温度和分散剂PEG-600对所得的纳米BTO粉体物相、晶粒度和形貌的影响,对粉末的前驱体进行综合热分析(TG-DTA),用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,得到共沉淀法制备纳米BTO粉体的最佳条件:反应温度60℃,滴定终点pH=3,煅烧温度600℃;该条件下制得BTO粉体的电阻率最小为3.48Ω.cm。     

镱掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体的制备工艺影响因素研究

以SnCl4•5H2O和Yb(NO3)3•6H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了镱掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体,考察了反应温度、煅烧温度、分散剂的种类对所得纳米镱掺杂二氧化锡粉体的物相、晶粒度和形貌的影响。对粉体的前驱体进行综合热分析(TG-DTA),用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,得到共沉淀法制备纳米镱掺杂二氧化锡粉体的最佳条件：反应温度60 ℃,煅烧温度600 ℃,用非离子型PEG-600为分散剂。     

镱掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体的制备工艺影响因素

以SnCl4·5H2O和Yb(NO3)3·6H2O为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备了镱掺杂二氧化锡纳米粉体,考察了反应温度、煅烧温度、分散剂的种类对所得纳米镱掺杂二氧化锡粉体的物相、晶粒度和形貌的影响。对粉体的前驱体进行综合热分析(TG-DTA),用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对产物的结构和形貌进行表征,得到共沉淀法制备纳米镱掺杂二氧化锡粉体的最佳条件为:反应温度60℃,煅烧温度600℃,用非离子型PEG-600为分散剂。     

水热法制备纳米铋掺杂氧化锌的影响因素研究

以氯化锌、硝酸铋为主要原料,氢氧化钠为沉淀剂,采用水热法制备了纳米铋掺杂氧化锌粉体。研究了pH值对产物成分的影响,分析了水热时间和水热温度对产物形貌的影响。结果表明pH为9,水热温度为240℃,水热时间为25 h时可以得到微观形貌良好的纳米铋掺杂氧化锌粉体。     

制备工艺对ATO超细粉体粒度及其分布的影响

采用化学共沉淀法制备锑掺杂二氧化锡（ＡＴＯ）超细透明导电粉体,探讨了制备过程化学反应机理,并研究了反应温度、滴定终点ｐＨ值、掺锑量及煅烧温度对粉体粒度及其分布的影响。另外,用透射电镜（ＴＥＭ）、比表面积（ＢＥＴ）、Ｘ－射线衍射三种不同方法对粉体粒度作了比较表征。     

CeO2-Y2O3共稳定纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体的制备与研究

用共沉淀法制备掺杂复合稳定剂CeO2-Y2O3纳米四方多晶氧化锆粉体,并讨论了pH,煅烧温度以及稳定剂的含量对所制备的粉体的组成情况和晶粒尺寸。用XRD、BET和热分析的结果表明pH≥9.5,煅烧温度为700℃左右可以获得细晶、稳定的TZP粉体。     

共沉淀法制备纳米级Y_2O_3:Eu~(3+)红色发光粉体及其发光性质的研究

以Y2O3,Eu2O3为原料采用尿素共沉淀法,在600、800和1000℃温度煅烧制备了Y2O3:Eu3+纳米级粉体,利用XRD、SEM等测试手段对粉体的形貌进行了表征,用分光光度计测试了样品的激发和发射光谱.并比较了这三个温度下样品的发光性质,结果表明1000℃煅烧的粉体发光性能最好.     

共沉淀法制备纳米级Y2O3：Eu^3＋红色发光粉体及

以Y2O3,Eu2O3为原料采用尿素共沉淀法,在600、800和1000℃温度煅烧制备了Y2O3：Eu^3＋纳米级粉体,利用XRD、SEM等测试手段对粉体的形貌进行了表征,用分光光度计溯试了样品的激发和发射光谱。并比较了这兰个温度下样品的发光性质,结果表明1000℃煅烧的粉体发光性能最好。     

反应条件对共沉淀法制备纳米钛酸钡粉体的影响

以钛酸四丁酯、草酸、草酸钠和醋酸钡为原料,采用共沉淀法制备了纳米钛酸钡粉体。通过XRD、IR和TG等检测手段,研究pH值和煅烧温度对粉体纯度的影响。结果表明,制备的前驱体为钛钡混合草酸盐沉淀。pH在3~6的范围内,随着pH值的提高,粉体的纯度下降,粒径减小。随着煅烧温度的升高,粉体的纯度提高。煅烧温度太高,钛酸钡易从立方相转变为四方相。最佳实验条件为pH=3.14,煅烧温度900℃。在此实验条件下,成功制备出均匀的粒径尺寸为37.2nm的纯相纳米钛酸钡粉体。     

叶腊石基锑掺杂二氧化锡复合导电粉体的制备及电性能

通过化学共沉淀法制备了以叶腊石微粉为基体、表面包覆锑掺杂二氧化锡的复合导电粉体,采用X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电子显微镜(FE-SEM)分别对该复合导电粉体晶体结构和微观形貌进行表征,并进一步研究了各反应条件对复合粉体体积电阻率的影响。实验结果表明,当水解温度60℃、水解pH值为1、SnCl4加入量100%、Sb掺杂量16%、600℃煅烧1 h时,可得到体积电阻率为26.cm的复合导电粉体。该复合导电粉体可作为填料广泛应用于导电塑料、橡胶等复合导电产品,同时为矿物基功能材料的低成本制备提供了新的思路。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。