基于Rough set的有序信息表的排序问题研究

针对有序信息表的排序问题,提出了总体排序的过程框架。将有序信息表转化为二进制信息表,运用粗糙集理论对信息表进行简化,在对属性值标准化的基础上构造有序信息表中实体的排序度量函数,根据度量函数值的大小进行排序。实例表明该过程框架在误差允许范围内是有效可行的。     

关于对象排序的研究

排序和分类是人类的两种基本的知识,一般文献中讨论的都是关于分类规则的挖掘,分类规则是一种刚提出的新思想,文章对犤3犦犤4犦提出的挖掘排序规则的算法作了更为全面深入的探讨和改进,所做的工作包括:比较可用于比较对象优劣的基于支配关系(dominancerelations)的扩充粗集理论的算法犤1,2犦和直接挖掘有序规则的算法犤3,4犦,分析各自的优缺点;指出犤3犦犤4犦中的算法存在两种情况下的对决策表的过分匹配;用定量翻译决策表的方法和翻译后的决策表的对称性改进犤3犦犤4犦的算法;针对翻译后的决策表基数往往很大和在扩充的粗集理论下是对联合(union)而不是对决策类求规则造成的时间复杂度高的问题,提出了一种启发式的寻找最小规则的算法。     

有序决策树的比较研究

有序分类是现实生活中广泛存在的一种分类问题。基于排序熵的有序决策树算法是处理有序分类问题的重要方法之一,这种方法是以排序互信息作为启发式来构建有序决策树。基于这项工作,通过引入模糊有序熵,并以模糊有序互信息作为启发式构建模糊有序决策树,对有序决策树进行了扩展。这两种算法在实际应用中各有自己的优劣之处,从四个方面对这两种算法进行了详细的比较,并指出了这两种算法的异同及优缺点。     

一类表内多概念间多层次关联规则挖掘算法及应用

提出并研究了一类表内多概念多层次关联规则挖掘问题,给出了该问题的形式化描述,提出了相应的挖掘算法并对算法进行了初步分析。该算法应用于某营销经理信息系统的关联规则挖掘的结果表明,该算法是实用和有效的。     

基于基因表达式编程的规则分类

为了提高基于规则的分类法中挖掘规则的效率,提出了将基因表达式编程用于挖掘规则的分类方法.针对规则分类问题,设计出了一种新形式的染色体终端符号,引入规则的正确率作为适应度函数度量;将适应度由高到低排序,建立备选规则集;通过使用基因表达式编程挖掘Monk与Acute Inflammations中的规则,利用挖掘出的规则对数据集进行分类.实验结果表明了基于基因表达式编程的挖掘规则分类算法的准确率会高于传统分类算法.     

SQL Server数据库技能测评方案的设计与实现

针对现有SQL Server技能测评系统缺乏的现状,提出了技能测评方案。采用逻辑形式化方法实现阅卷控制信息的描述,重点介绍了逻辑形式化的描述结构、数据库对象信息获取以及数据库对象创建、修改、删除操作的评判规则。使用系统表方法实现数据库对象信息获取,采用逻辑形式化方法实现SQL Server数据库技能测评自动阅卷。     

空间分类规则挖掘的一种决策树算法

空间分类规则挖掘是空间数据挖掘研究的一个重要领域。文章提出一个空间分类规则挖掘问题，并为解决该问题介绍了一种空间分类规则挖掘的决策树算法。     

有序决策表中的第三种不一致

现实世界中的有序性问题，反映在决策表上相当于在表的属性域上加上优先关系(preferential ordering)或者说是序关系的语义，这种决策表称为有序决策表，有序决策表中的条件属性又称为指标(criterion)，有序决策表中的对象在各个指标上有排序，在决策属性上又有一个总的排序。文献[1，2]指出对于有序决策表中存在一种普通的粗糙集模型不能识别的不一致，并以基于支配关系(dominance relation)的粗糙集模型(dominance-based rough set approach or DRSA)代替基于等价关系的经典粗糙集模型(classic rough set approach or CRSA)，DRSA可以处理这种不一致，文中则进一步指出有序决策表中还存在另一种不一致，不仅在应用上进一步完善了对有序表的处理，而且在理论上丰富了粗糙集中不一致的内涵。     

基于GEP的分类规则挖掘

分类规则挖掘方法和回归问题的区别在于分类规则挖掘的目标属性是离散的标称值,而回归问题的目标属性是连续和有序的值。主要介绍了用GEP实现分类规则挖掘的两种主要方法,并分析了如何对适应度函数进行改进以挖掘易于理解的分类规则。     

一个最优分类关联规则算法

分类和关联规则发现是数据挖掘中的两个重要领域。使用关联规则算法挖掘分类规则被叫做分类关联规则算法,是一个有较好前景的方法。本文提出了一个最优分类关联规则算法——OCARA。该算法使用最优关联规则挖掘算法挖掘分类规则,并对最优规则集排序,从而获得一个分类精度较高的分类器。将OCARA与传统分类算法C4.5和一般分类关联规则算法CBA、RMR在8个UCI数据集上进行实验比较,结果显示OCARA具有更好的性能,证明OCARA是一个有效的分类关联规则挖掘算法。     

Analyzing and mining ordered information tables

Work in inductive learning has mostly been concentrated on classifying.However,there are many applications in which it is desirable to order rather than to classify instances.Formodelling ordering problems,we generalize the notion of information tables to ordered information tables by adding order relations in attribute values.Then we propose a data analysis model by analyzing the dependency of attributes to describe the properties of ordered information tables.The problem of mining ordering rules is formulated as finding association between orderings of attribute values and the overall ordering of objects.An ordering rules may state that “if the value of an object x on an attribute a is ordered ahead of the value of another object y on the same attribute,then x is ordered ahead of y“.For mining ordering rules,we first transform an ordered information table into a binary information table,and then apply any standard machine learning and data mining algorithms.As an illustration,we analyze in detail Maclean‘s universities ranking for the year 2000.     

Dominance relation and rules in an incomplete ordered information system

Rough sets theory has proved to be a useful mathematical tool for classification and prediction. However, as many real‐world problems deal with ordering objects instead of classifying objects, one of the extensions of the classical rough sets approach is the dominance‐based rough sets approach, which is mainly based on substitution of the indiscernibility relation by a dominance relation. In this article, we present a dominance‐based rough sets approach to reasoning in incomplete ordered information systems. The approach shows how to find decision rules directly from an incomplete ordered decision table. We propose a reduction of knowledge that eliminates only that information that is not essential from the point of view of the ordering of objects or decision rules. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Int Syst 20: 13–27, 2005.     

Set-valued ordered information systems

Set-valued ordered information systems can be classified into two categories: disjunctive and conjunctive systems. Through introducing two new dominance relations to set-valued information systems, we first introduce the conjunctive/disjunctive set-valued ordered information systems, and develop an approach to queuing problems for objects in presence of multiple attributes and criteria. Then, we present a dominance-based rough set approach for these two types of set-valued ordered information systems, which is mainly based on substitution of the indiscernibility relation by a dominance relation. Through the lower/upper approximation of a decision, some certain/possible decision rules from a so-called set-valued ordered decision table can be extracted. Finally, we present attribute reduction (also called criteria reduction in ordered information systems) approaches to these two types of ordered information systems and ordered decision tables, which can be used to simplify a set-valued ordered information system and find decision rules directly from a set-valued ordered decision table. These criteria reduction approaches can eliminate those criteria that are not essential from the viewpoint of the ordering of objects or decision rules.     

一种用于快速关联规则挖掘的分段信息表生成算法

对关联规则的挖掘是数据挖掘中的一个重要问题。在挖掘之前先对数据库扫描,以获得一些辅助的信息,能极大地加速挖掘过程。ARSC算法以建立一种称为分段信息表的数据结构来提高关联规则挖掘的效率。分段信息表所占用的空间很小,生成所需要的时间也很短,却能够获得很好的性能。它还有很强的通用性,能在多种数据挖掘任务和多种算
算法中使用。     

基于粗糙集的区间值属性决策表的有序规则获取

提出一种基于粗糙集的区间值属性决策表的有序规则获取方法。首先根据区间数之间基于可能度的序关系,将区间值属性决策表转化为二元决策表,然后利用粗糙集理论进行分析并推理出最优规则,最后再将二元决策表的规则转化为区间值属性决策表的有序规则。实验分析表明了该方法的有效性。     

Vague决策表的知识获取

本文提出一种Vague决策表的知识获取方法。首先根据样本对于决策者需求的适合程度构造Vague值之间的一个序关系，将Vague决策表转化为二元决策表，然后利用粗糙集理论进行分析并推理出最优规则，最后再将二元决策表的决策规则转化为Vague决策表的有序规则。实验分析表明了该方法的有效性。     

Neighborhood systems and approximate retrieval

An approximate retrieval model is proposed based on the notion of neighborhood systems. The knowledge used in the model consists of an information table, in which each object is represented by its values on a finite set of attributes, and neighborhood systems on attribute values, which provide semantic similarity or closeness of different values. An information table can be used for exact retrieval. With the introduction of neighborhood systems to information tables, one is able to perform approximate retrieval. Operations on neighborhood systems are introduced based on power algebras. An ordering relation representing the information of a neighborhood system is suggested and examined. Approximate retrieval is carried out by the relaxation of the original query using neighborhood systems, and the combination of intermediate results using neighborhood system operations. The final retrieval results are presented according to the proposed ordering relation. In contrast to many existing systems, a main advantage of the proposed model is that the retrieval results are a non-linear ordering of objects.     

区间值属性决策表的数据挖掘

Data mining in incomplete information systems is a hard problem but inevitable in uncertain decision. In thispaper ,an extended rough set model based on dominance relation is combined with fuzzy set theory for data mining ininterval valued decision table ,then decision rules can be obtained from the decision table. Simulation results show that the method is effective.