碳离子束辐照对甜高粱节间参数的影响

研究了碳离子束辐照剂量对甜高粱节间数的影响及辐照后不同节间长度、节间重量及糖锤度的变化规律.结果表明:(1)不同的辐照剂量对节间数影响差异不显著(p>0.05);(2)和对照BJ0601相比,碳离子束辐照后,KFJT-1的节间长度、节间重量及节间糖锤度的平均值均有所增加,增加量的平均值分别为0.6cm,18.9g,0.79%.     

碳离子束对甜高粱辐射诱变的当代效应

利用兰州重离子加速器提供的中能碳离子束对甜高粱品种BJO601和BJO602进行了不同剂量的辐照处理,以期选育出生物学产量高、汁液糖锤度高及抗逆性强的品种.当代田间试验结果表明:(1)甜高粱在田间的存活曲线均呈"类马鞍型",随着剂量的增加,其存活率先降后升再下降;(2)随着辐照剂量的变化,其茎秆亩产量、糖锤度和对照相比,均发生了明显的变化;(3)经过碳离子束辐照,出现了株高、单秆重、糖锤度高、早熟、茎粗等突变类型,为进一步的品种选育和诱变机理研究奠定基础.     

碳离子束对甜高梁辐射诱变的当代效应

利用兰州重离子加速器提供的中能碳离子束对甜高高粱品种BJ0601和BJ0602进行了不同剂量的辐照处理，以期选育出生物学产量高、汁液糖锤度高及抗逆性强的品种。当代田间试验结果表明：（1）甜高梁在田间的存活曲线均呈“类马鞍型”，随着剂量的增加，其存活率先降后升再下降；（2）随着辐照剂量的变化，其茎秆亩产量、糖锤度和对照相比，均发生了明显的变化；（3）经过碳离子束辐照，出现了株高、单秆重、糖锤度高、早熟、茎粗等突变类型，为进一步的品种选育和诱变机理研究奠定基础。     

碳离子辐照诱变产生的甜高粱M2代幼苗对高温胁迫的响应

甜高粱(Sorghum bicolor(L)Moench)"凯勒"种子经不同剂量(0、10Gy、30Gy、50Gy、80Gy)80MeV/u碳离子注入后,其M2代幼苗对40℃高温胁迫作出了不同的响应:株高、叶绿素含量变化不大,相对低剂量(10Gy、30Gy)碳离子处理使M2代幼苗生物量高于对照CK(0Gy)和高剂量(50Gy、80Gy)处理,同时从丙二醛(Malondialdehyde,MDA)和可溶性糖含量的变化来看,30Gy碳离子辐射处理组MDA和可溶性糖含量降低,提高了M2代幼苗的高温抗性.     

羟基红花黄色素A对碳离子束辐照致放射性脑损伤的保护作用

探究传统活血化瘀中药红花活性成分羟基红花黄色素A（HSYA）对12C6+重离子束诱发放射性脑损伤的保护作用。昆明种小鼠60只,随机分为正常组、辐照对照组、HSYA低（5 mg/kg）、中（10 mg/kg）、高（20 mg/kg）剂量干预组。给药组于辐照前3 d起每日腹腔注射相应剂量药物,末次给药后1 h,以4.0 Gy12C6+辐照小鼠头部。辐照1个月后,通过Morris水迷宫实验检验小鼠认知功能,以伊文思蓝（EB）作为指示剂测定小鼠血脑屏障通透性,并分别用亚硝酸盐形成法和硫代巴比妥酸（TBA）法测定脑组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及脂质过氧化产物丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果显示,经12C6+辐照后,单纯照射组小鼠表现出明显的认知功能障碍（P<0.01）,小鼠血脑屏障通透性明显升高,脑组织SOD活性明显降低,MDA含量明显增加,羟基红花黄色素A可剂量依赖性地改善小鼠认知功能障碍,保护血脑屏障,上调SOD活性,并降低MDA含量,表明羟基红花黄色素A对12C6+重离子束诱发放射性脑损伤有保护作用。     

碳离子束辐照选育截短侧耳素菌原生质体

使用12C6+离子束辐照Clitopilus pinsitus原生质体至不同吸收剂量,运用琼脂柱预筛和96孔板固体发酵选育截短侧耳素高产变异株。结果显示,最佳12C6+离子束吸收剂量为1.5 Gy,在该吸收剂量下正变异率为37.58%。选育出C.pin15I5E和C.pin15II6B两株正变异株,其产量较出发菌株分别提高16.17%和15.47%。表明重离子束辐照原生质体是行之有效的工业微生物诱变育种方法。     

碳离子束辐照大豆当代诱变效应及褐皮突变体的初步研究

利用不同剂量碳离子束辐照大豆"合丰55"干种子,通过对表型、株高、分枝数及产量相关性状的考察以及DNA指纹图谱分析探索离子束辐照大豆的当代诱变效应。结果表明离子束诱变大豆M1代田间出现多种变异表型,辐照处理对M1代株高和分枝数有抑制作用,单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重及百粒重随着辐照剂量的增加呈现先降低后升高再降低的趋势,但这些变异与对照相比并未达到显著水平。大豆种子经辐照后M1代筛选到1株褐皮突变体,种皮颜色由黄色变为褐色,而且这种变异在M2代能够稳定遗传。运用随机扩增多态性(Random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD)技术对其DNA多态性进行研究发现,辐照后突变体DNA与对照相比扩增条带或增加或减少,相似性系数为0.9513。综合结果表明,碳离子束辐照对大豆当代产生了一定的诱变效应,不仅造成了农艺性状的变异,而且使DNA水平也发生了明显的变化。     

12C离子束辐照对酵母发酵能力的影响

利用100MeV/u的12C6+离子束辐照酵母Saccharomyces cerevsiea YY,选育出一株高产突变菌株C03A,考察C03A发酵过程中不同温度、pH、糖汁浓度对发酵的影响。通过正交实验确定最佳发酵条件为:糖汁浓度24%、温度35℃、pH5.0。在10L发酵罐实验中,C03A发酵速率相对原始菌株高,36h发酵完全,比原始菌株缩短12h;发酵产酒率达到13.2%(V/V),比原始菌株高1.6%(V/V)。     

碳离子辐照诱导的甜高梁花粉生活力及花粉母细胞减数分裂的研究

为研究重离子辐照突变株的细胞遗传学变化,以碳离子辐照选育出的甜高粱早熟突变株KFJT-1及其对照品种KFJT-CK为材料,比较研究了两者之间花粉生活力大小以及花粉母细胞减数分裂的差异。结果发现：KFJT-1的花粉生活力以及花粉总数大于KFJT-CK;KFJT-1花粉母细胞减数分裂大多进入第二次减数分裂时,KFJT-CK花粉母细胞集中在第一次减数分裂;在KFJT-1减数分裂末期II,出现了两组分裂时期不一致、3分体以及不均等分裂畸变状况,畸变率仅为4．5％,说明KFJT-1在生长繁殖过程中修复了大部分由于物理诱变造成的染色体畸变,且能稳定遗传。这些结果从生殖细胞水平进一步说明碳离子辐照早熟突变株KFJT-1较未突变株KFJT-CK成熟期早,且各项指标均优于KFJT-CK。     

Evaluation of KTJT-1,an early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum acquired by carbon ions irradiation

Sweet sorghum has the potential of becoming a useful energy crop.An early-maturity mutant of sweet sorghum,KFJT-1,was obtained by carbon ions irradiation of KFJT-CK,a wild plant.In this paper,we evaluate the mutant from the length and fresh weight of radicle and leaves after seed germination,the growth rate at the elongation stage,and the internodal parameters under field trail condition.The results showed that the seedling growth of KFJT-1 was inhibited by carbon ions irradiation,and the leaf length,the fresh weight of radicle and leaves from KFJT-1 decreased by 15.32%,76.27%,and 27.08%than those of KFJT-CK,respectively.However,the growth rate of KFJT-1 on July 12,July 27 and August 1 increased by 16.19%,59.28%and26.87%,respectively,compared with the KFJT-CK.The stalk diameter,total biomass yield and sugar content of KFJT-1 was higher than those of KFJT-CK,despite that the plant height of KFJT-1 was significantly less than KFJT-CK(P 0.05).In addition,KFJT-1 differed from KFJT-CK in the internodal length,weight and sugar content.In conclusion,the early-maturity mutant of KFJT-1 will be a promising variety for sweet sorghum industrialization in Gansu province,China.     

Physiological property and yield of the sweet sorghum mutants induced by heavy ion irradiation

Soil salinity can limit plant growth and productivity. The cultivation of tolerant varieties is convenient and cost-effective for making good use of the saline soils.The sweet sorghum plant has a high tolerance for saline alkaline soils. The KF1210-3 and KF1210-4 early-maturity mutants of sweet sorghum were obtained via carbon ion irradiation. The study assesses the productivity of three sweet sorghum cultivars(KF1210-3, KF1210-4, and KFJTCK) which were grown in intermediate(4.6 d S m~(-1)) and high(11.9 d S m~(-1)) soil salinity. The sweet sorghum grown in the soil salinity of 4.6 d S m~(-1)produced 50.00–57.30 %greater fresh weight than that in the soil salinity of11.9 d S m~(-1), while the difference was not as obvious among the dry biomass of the three sweet sorghum cultivars. Moreover, the Brix degree of the sweet sorghum grown in the soil salinity of 11.9 d S m~(-1)was greater than that grown in the soil salinity of 4.6 d S m~(-1). The heavy ion irradiation experiment is of great significance in screening plant mutants, improving environmental conditions, and assessing the productivity. This process, in turn, aids in the understanding of the effects of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms of salt stress.     

Pigment analysis of a color-leaf mutant in Wandering Jew （Tradescantiafluminensis） irradiated by carbon ions

Many mutants of plant induced by heavy ion beam irradiation have been reported in recent years,but leaf anthocyan mutants induced by ion irradiation in evergreen were rarely found.In this study,a color-leaf mutant with purple leaves,stems and petals was isolated from clones of Wandering Jew irradiated by 95.8 MeV/u carbon ion beam.The concentration and histological distribution of leaf pigment were surveyed in wild type and mutant.In mutant,contents of total chlorophylls (Chl),chlorophyll a (Chl a),chlorophyll b (Chl b) and carotenoids (Car) decreased significantly,while concentration of the anthocyanins was 6.2-fold higher than that of wild type.Further composition analysis of anthocyanins by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) indicated that the purple pigmentation of leaves in mutant was caused by accumulation of petunidin anthocyanin.Microscopic examination showed that most petunidin anthocyanin accumulated in the lower epidermis,and little in vascular parenchyma of mutant,while there was no pigment in wild type.Meanwhile,in spongy parenchyma of mutant we observed little Chl,which the wild type abounds in.In conclusion,the color-leaf mutant of Wandering Jew induced by irradiation of carbon ions was improved in ornamental value,and it could be contribute to variation in level,component and distribution of foliar pigment.The possible mutation mechanisms were discussed.     

单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测碳离子束和X射线照射对Lewis肺癌细胞的DNA损伤

比较研究了89.63 MeV/u的碳离子束和6 MeV的X射线照射Lewis肺癌细胞所致的细胞克隆存活和DNA损伤效应,以探讨单细胞凝胶电泳检测细胞辐射敏感性及重离子束治疗肿瘤的优势。结果表明,在10%细胞存活水平上碳离子束的相对生物学效应(Relative biological effectiveness, RBE)值达到1.77。单细胞凝胶电泳检测损伤DNA尾部百分含量(Tail DNA, TD )和Olive 尾矩(Olive tail moment, OTM)的剂量效应曲线表明,X射线的剂量效应曲线为线性,而碳离子束诱导出一个包含线性和指数项的双阶段效应曲线。碳离子束辐照剂量大于8 Gy后TD和OTM都存在饱和效应。在2 Gy的剂量点,高传能线密度(LET)碳离子束比X射线产生更低的存活分数和更高的初始OTM。本研究提示：在Lewis肺癌细胞中,碳离子束照射比X射线产生更为强烈的细胞致死和DNA损伤效应,可使肿瘤治疗具有更高效率。     

Gate/Geant4-based Monte Carlo simulation for calculation of dose distribution of 400 MeV/u carbon ion beam and fragments in water

The applications of carbon ion beam in tumor therapy have attracted more attention in recent years.Monte Carlo simulation is an important approach to obtain accurate radiotherapy parameters. In this work, a400 Me V/u carbon ion beam incident on water phantom was simulated with Gate/Geant4 tools. In methods, the authors set up a carbon ion beam source according to the experiment parameters of Haettner, defined the geometries and materials, set up the physics processes, and designed the means of information collection. In results,the authors obtained the longitudinal dose distribution, the lateral dose distribution, and the relative uncertainty of dose. The dose contributions of all kinds of fragments were calculated detailedly and compared with the Francis results. This work is helpful for people's understanding of the dose distributions produced by carbon ion beam and fragments in water. The simulation method is also significative for radiotherapy treatment planning of carbon ion beam, and it is easy to extend. For obtaining a special result, we may change the particle energy, particle type,target material, target geometry, physics process, detector,etc.     

Ion beam propagation and focusing

Inertial confinement fusion with ion beams requires the efficient delivery of high energy (1 MJ), high power (100 TW) ion beams to a small fusion target. The propagation and focusing of such beams is the subject of this paper. Fundamental constraints on ion beam propagation and focusing are discussed, and ion beam propagation modes are categorized. For light ion fusion (LIF), large currents (2–33 MA) of moderate energy (3–50 MeV) ions of low atomic number (1A12) must be directed to a target of radius 1 cm. The development of pulsed power ion diodes for LIF is discussed, and the necessity for virtually complete charge neutralization during transport and focusing is emphasized. Fornear-term LIF experiments, the goal is to produce pellet ignition without the standoff needed for the ultimate reactor application. Ion diodes for use on Sandia National Laboratories Particle Beam Fusion Accelerators PBFA-I (2–4 MV, 1 MJ, 30 TW, operational) and PBFA-II (2–16 MV, 3.5 MJ, 100 TW, scheduled for operation in 1985) are discussed. Ion beam transport from these diodes to the pellet is examined in reference to the power brightness . While values of =2–5 TW/cm²/sr have been achieved to date, a value of 100 TW/cm²/sr is needed for breakeven. Research is now directed toward increasing , and means already exist (e.g., scaling to higher voltages, enhanced ion diode current densities, and bunching), which indicate that the required goal should be attainable. Forfar-term LIF applications, the goal is to produce net energy gain with standoff suitable for a reactor. This may be achieved by ion beam transport in preformed, current-carrying plasma channels. Channel transport research is discussed, including experiments with wire-initiated, wall-initiated, and laser-initiated discharge channels, all of which have demonstrated transport with high efficiency (50–100%). Alternate approaches to LIF are also discussed, including comoving electron beam schemes and a neutralized beam scheme. For heavy ion fusion (HIF), moderate currents (10 kA) of high energy (10 GeV) ions of high atomic number (A200) must be directed to a target of radius 0.3 cm. Conventional accelerator drivers for HIF are noted. For a baseline HIF reactor system, the optimum transport mode for low charge state beams is ballistic transport in near vacuum (10^–4–10^–3 Torr lithium), although a host of other possibilities exists. Development of transport modes suitable for higher charge state HIF beams may ultimately result in more economical HIF accelerator schemes. Alternate approaches to HIF are also discussed which involve collective effects accelerators. The status of the various ion beam transport and focusing modes for LIF and HIF are summarized, and the directions of future research are indicated.     

碳离子束与X射线对女性恶性肿瘤患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的影响

分析女性乳腺癌及宫颈癌患者外周血在接受不同剂量碳离子束与X射线辐射前后淋巴细胞亚群数值的变化。抽取5例宫颈癌、5例女性乳腺癌患者的外周静脉血,经照射后(设未接受辐射组、1、2 GyE碳离子束组、及1、2 Gy的X射线组)进行淋巴细胞亚群检测。采用独立样本t检验,分别对两组离体血样本进行CD3~+、CD8~+、CD4~+、NK细胞、B细胞、CD4~+/CD8~+两两组间对比,分析数值变化情况。结果显示:两组离体血在接受不同射线、不同剂量照射后,淋巴细胞亚群检测结果差异无显著性的意义(p0.05);接受高线性传能密度(Linear energy transfer,LET)碳离子照射时,乳腺癌组中CD4~+值随剂量增加而升高,宫颈癌组数值则表现出相反的趋势;接受6 MV-X射线照射时,宫颈癌组中NK细胞数值随剂量增加而下降,而乳腺癌组则相反;接受碳离子束照射时,两病种受到1 GyE照射后NK细胞数值均较未照射组数值升高,2 GyE则均较未照射组数值下降。结果提示:女性生殖系统最常见两种恶性肿瘤离体外周血对高LET碳离子和低LET的6 MV-X射线照射表现出了不同的免疫应答反应。     

Characterization,test and interpretative simulations of one-dimensional Carbon Fiber Composite prototype for SPIDER experiment

For ITER operations, additional heating systems are required. One of these systems is the neutral beam injector (NBI). The SPIDER experiment, a small-scale NBI, is going to be built with the aim to optimize the beam source. For this reason it is provided with several diagnostics, among which the Short-Time Retractable Instrumented Kalorimeter Experiment (STRIKE). In this contribution, a characterization of the Carbon Fiber Composite (CFC) tiles, which are the main component of the diagnostic, is presented. Such analyses include tests with a power laser, exposure to particle beams and thermal stress tests. The results are discussed, which will drive the definition of the acceptance tests of the final supply of CFC tiles.